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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Readings & More</h2>
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<p>We recommend choosing at least two readings that look engaging and relevant and skimming the others. We have provided annotations when necessary and indicated if we're aware that a particular organization or writer is involved in promoting competency-based education. We invite you to discuss readings in the forum below; it is not required. </p>
<ul>
<li>Great Schools Partnership. Date unknown. <a href="https://www.greatschoolspartnership.org/proficiency-based-learning/grading-reporting/" target="_blank">Grading + Reporting</a> and <a href="https://www.greatschoolspartnership.org/proficiency-based-learning/assessment-verification/" target="_blank">Assessment + Verification</a>. Accessed January 30, 2019. Robust set of tools that communicate Great Schools Partnership’s approach to proficiency-based assessment, grading, and reporting, including examples from schools. Explore as you see fit. Great Schools Partnership advocates for systemic change in schools and they view CBE as playing a key role. Note: this resource is licensed under <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International</a> license.</li>
<li>Mastery Collaborative. Date unknown. <a href="http://www.mcresources.org/wiki/curriculum-classroom-planning" target="_blank">Curriculum & Classroom Planning</a>. Accessed January 30, 2019. This wiki contains teacher-developed, classroom-level principles and techniques for creating and leading a CBE classroom. Mastery Collaborative, a program of the New York City Department of Education’s Office of Postsecondary Readiness, is pro-CBE. </li>
<li>Merrill, Stephen. 2019. "<a href="https://www.edutopia.org/article/allowing-test-retakes-without-getting-gamed" target="_blank">Allowing Test Retakes<span id="docs-internal-guid-8a8d031a-7fff-b8cb-1149-15e2e7eccad4"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">—</span></span>Without Getting Gamed</a>." <em>Assessment</em>, Edutopia, April 25. Strategies from the author and some teachers about how to use retakes to guide students toward mastery. </li>
<li>Neem, Johann N. Fall 2013. "<a href="https://www.aacu.org/publications-research/periodicals/experience-matters-why-competency-based-education-will-not-replace" target="_blank">Experience Matters: Why Competency-Based Education Will Not Replace Seat Time</a>." <em>Liberal Education </em>99 (4). Neem argues for the value in higher education of having a variety of in-class experiences and for general education over competencies.</li>
<li>Palma, Anthony. 2019. "<a href="https://www.edutopia.org/article/case-not-allowing-test-retakes" target="_blank">The Case for Not Allowing Test Retakes.</a>" <em>Assessment</em>, Edutopia, August 1. Palma describes the negative impacts he sees retakes having on student motivation and mental health, as well as on teacher effectiveness.</li>
</ul>
<h3>CBE and Equity</h3>
<ul>
<li>Krauss, Stephanie Malia. October 2017. “<a href="https://www.luminafoundation.org/files/resources/how-cbe-may-reduce-inequities-1.pdf" target="_blank">How Competency-Based Education May Help Reduce Our Nation’s Toughest Inequities.</a>” Lumina Issue Papers, Lumina Foundation. This report examines CBE programs in higher education as a way to eliminate economic inequities.</li>
<li>Sturgis, Chris and Katherine Casey. April 2018. "<a href="https://www.competencyworks.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/CWSummit-DesigningForEquity-29Mar2018.pdf" target="_blank">Designing for Equity: Leveraging Competency-Based Education to Ensure All Students Succeed.</a>" CompetencyWorks. This report looks at CBE through the lens of equity. </li>
<li>Vander Ark, Tom and Mary Ryerse. 2018. “<a href="https://www.gettingsmart.com/2018/12/scaling-competency-based-education-equity-focused-strategies-for-policy-and-practice/" target="_blank">Scaling Competency-Based Education: Equity-Focused Strategies for Policy and Practice.</a>” Getting Smart, December 6. The authors discuss five key areas to examine as CBE schools are focusing on equity with a leader from the XQ foundation and a principal at an XQ school in a 49 minute podcast.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Examples from Specific Schools</h3>
<ul>
<li>Edutopia. 2018. <a href="https://www.edutopia.org/video/demonstrations-learning" target="_blank" style="font-size: 1em;">Demonstrations of Learning</a><span style="font-size: 1em;">. Assessment, October 22. Educators and others at Kettle Moraine High School's (Wales, WI, USA) discuss student voice and choice and the variety of ways students demonstrate their learning.</span></li>
<li>Naugatuck Public Schools. Date unknown. <a href="https://sites.google.com/naugatuck.k12.ct.us/npscurriculum/home?authuser=0" target="_blank" style="font-size: 1em;">Naugatuck Public Schools, Competencies and Scoring Guides For K-12</a><span style="font-size: 1em;">. Accessed January 30, 2019. An example of a district’s (Naugatuck, CT, USA) competencies and scoring guides for every subject, broken down by grade, as well as a sample report card. An example of how a school’s competencies, assessments, and reporting all work/fit together.</span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Partnership for Change. Date unknown. <a href="http://partnershipvt.org/progress-point/proficiency-based-learning-in-the-classroom/" target="_blank">Proficiency-Based Learning in the Classroom</a>. Accessed February 5, 2019. In this video, a Burlington High School (Burlington, VT, USA) chemistry teacher describes how she conducted a CBE experiment in her classroom for the last quarter of the school year, including creating proficiencies and tracking students, as well as some students' reactions to the change.</li>
<li>Rinkema, Emily. 2018. "<a href="https://cvulearnsblog.blogspot.com/2018/10/teaching-to-develop-skill-not-identify.html" target="_blank">Assessing to Develop Skill, Not Identify It</a>." <em>CVU Learns: One School’s Journey to Standards Based Learning</em>, October 29. This blog post, written by teacher educators at Champlain Valley Union High School (Hinesburg, VT, USA), explores the challenge of using CBE-style assessments to teach, rather than just evaluate. The authors are advocates of standards-based learning, which shares many traits with CBE.</li>
<li>Stack, Brian. 2015. "<a href="https://www.competencyworks.org/insights-into-implementation/assessing-work-study-practices-in-a-competency-education-school/" target="_blank">Assessing Work Study Practices in a Competency Education School</a>." CompetencyWorks, July 19. The principal of Sanborn Regional High School (Kingston, NH, USA), a school that is implementing CBE, describes how his school separated work habits from their academic grades, including their evolving assessment strategy for these work habits.</li>
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