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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">2.2.1 Accessibility 101</h2>
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<p>Next, we will talk about accessibility. Before watching the next video, try defining accessibility based on your current knowledge. If we are planning for accessibility, what exactly are we planning for? How would you define accessibility?</p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Mobility's Purpose: Accessibility</h3>
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<legend id="f09aec8bfa6e4dddb3a0a521cd7b61d6_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Based on the above lecture, in the ASIF Framework which of the following refers to the consumption of fuel per passengers moved?</legend>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">The role of built environment in mobility</h3>
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<p>The issue of self-selection (in econometrics known as endogeneity) is also very important in studying other transportation-related topics such as transportation safety, travel behavior, mode choice, etc. In the above video, we discussed the empirical evidence of "walkable" neighborhoods: do people walk more<em> because</em> they live in "walkable" neighborhoods, or do the people who like to walk <em>choose</em> "walkable" neighborhoods?</p>
<p>Similarly, in transportation safety: do safer and more cautious drivers buy safer cars or do safer cars prevent fatal crashes from happening and consequently appear to "cause" safer driving?</p>
<p>Some additional readings on this topic:</p>
<p></p>
<p><a href="https://its.mit.edu/sites/default/files/documents/wp_trsys_2009_june_cguevara_mben-akiva_mit.pdf" target="[object Object]">Addressing Endogeneity in Discrete Choice Models: Assessing Control-Function and Latent-Variable Methods</a> pages 3-4</p>
<p>More on econometrics in transportation research:</p>
<p><a href="https://ctr.utexas.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubs/0_6628_P1.pdf" target="[object Object]">The Economics for Transportation Systems: A Reference for Practitioners (Chapter 8)</a> via UT Austin</p>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">2.2.2 Digital transformation</h2>
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<p>If new mobility is to produce better built environments and improve accessibility, the field must take advantage of ongoing digital transformation. </p>
<p>Next, we’ll discuss how this can be done.</p>
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<p>Let's bring it all together:</p>
<p>Recap: Pull forces indicate benefits from agglomeration. There are many benefits to new mobility that come from agglomeration. Although companies may compete with each other, operating in close proximity has its benefits. These are known as Marshallian externalities. Based on the above lecture and your own observations, try to determine <span style="text-decoration: underline;">what other benefits the new mobility industry can gain</span> through the effects of agglomeration.</p>
<p>The documentary about Kendall Square that was just mentioned in the last video is located in <a href="https://courses.edx.org/courses/course-v1:MITx+11.550x+1T2021/courseware/71b925a3a46a4b6fafde90cfc8b01149/f8f6306cfac84c60bdcf1199ca32f089/2?activate_block_id=block-v1%3AMITx%2B11.550x%2B1T2021%2Btype%40vertical%2Bblock%405fcc2a181e5f4e02975781021bb55ae9" target="[object Object]">Unit 2.1</a>. Feel free to share your thoughts and relevant examples related to agglomerations from your own region in the forum below.</p>
<p>Supplemental readings on agglomeration economies:</p>
<p><a href="https://www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/media/research/conference/2009/jrs/Puga.pdf" target="[object Object]">The Magnitude and Causes of Agglomeration Economies </a>(2009)</p>
<p><a href="http://econ.geo.uu.nl/boschma/05OI07_web.pdf" target="[object Object]">Variety and Regional Economic Growth in the Netherlands</a> (2004), pages 7-12</p>
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