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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">2.1.1 Introduction to Land Use</h2>
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<p><strong><span style="font-size: 11.000000pt; font-family: 'Verdana';">Welcome to Land Use and Urban Form!</span></strong></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 11.000000pt; font-family: 'Verdana';">In this module you will: </span></p>
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<li><span style="font-size: 11.000000pt; font-family: 'Wingdings';"></span><span style="font-size: 11.000000pt; font-family: 'Verdana';">Develop an understanding of transportation and land use interaction theories<br /></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 11.000000pt; font-family: 'Verdana';"></span> Learn how cities were formed</li>
<li><span style="font-size: 11.000000pt; font-family: 'Verdana';">Learn about two very extreme scenarios of land use planning and city development (car-centric vs. NON-car-centric) <br /></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 11.000000pt; font-family: 'Verdana';">Learn about digital transformation and its relationship to the built environment</span></li>
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<p><span style="font-size: 11.000000pt; font-family: 'Verdana';"><strong>For verified learners</strong>: <strong>Test 1</strong>, at the end of this module, will cover weeks 1 and 2.</span></p>
<span style="font-size: 11.000000pt; font-family: 'Verdana';">This week your <strong>main instructor</strong> is </span><span style="font-size: 11.000000pt; font-family: 'Verdana';">Chris Zegras Ph.D., Professor at MIT. </span></div>
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<div class="column"><strong><span style="font-size: 11.000000pt; font-family: 'Verdana';">Guest interviews:</span></strong>
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<li><span style="font-size: 11.000000pt; font-family: 'Verdana';">Onesimo Flores, Ph.D, Founder of Jetty</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 11.000000pt; font-family: 'Verdana';">Andrew Salzberg, MUP, LOEB Harvard Fellow and former Uber Policy Head<br /></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 11.000000pt; font-family: 'Verdana';">Norman Garrick, Ph.D, University of Connecticut</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 11.000000pt; font-family: 'Verdana';">Karilyn Crockett, Ph.D., MIT & Chief of Equity - City of Boston</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 11.000000pt; font-family: 'Verdana';">Kimberly Driggins, Director of Washington Housing Conservancy </span></li>
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<p><span style="font-size: 11.000000pt; font-family: 'Verdana';"><strong>FORUMS:</strong> It is great to see everyone participating in the forums! This week we will have topic-specific forums as well as forums where you could ask questions with regard to the course content and quizzes. </span></p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Chris Zegras, Ph.D. (MIT)</h3>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Preface</h3>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">2.1.2 Auto-centricity: past, present, and future</h2>
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<p>Next, you will see two different cases.</p>
<p>The first one will briefly explain why many of the cities in the US are now very auto-dependent. The second case will explain how it was possible to overcome the auto-centric design model and will show the results of planning non auto-centric communities.</p>
<p>It's important to note that auto-centricity originated in the XX century. Before, streets were full of people, bicycles, carriages, and other modes of transport that did not have an engine. Based on Peter Norton's book, Prof. Garrick will share some insights into how the first cars set on a revolution.</p>
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<p>Back in the day, it made sense to connect cities with highways and 'accessibility' was used to justify demolishing neighborhoods. The reality, political climate, and technological capabilities were different at the time. People then did not know what we know now –just as we do not know what the generations to come will learn. The design of Kendall Square (covered in the next video) is unique because it did not follow the trends that were widely accepted and replicated at that time.</p>
<p>This brings us to our current reality. While evaluating designs, trends, and new mobility services, we may want to ask ourselves what impacts will those designs have on the next generation.</p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">The case of Kendall Square (Cambridge, MA, USA)</h3>
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<p>But cars did have not always dominate streets. When the Model T was first introduced in the beginning of the past century, people opposed it harshly because accidents increased exponentially. Let's hear more about this first auto revolution that would mark the destiny of our cities for the next century from Prof. Garrick.</p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">The first auto revolution</h3>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">2.1.3 Movements against auto-centricity</h2>
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<p>There is more to be said about how cities started to move away from these auto-centric models. In fact, social movements and citizens played a key role in this shift.</p>
<p>Let me introduce you now to Prof. Karilyn Crockett. She is a professor at MIT and Chief of Equity at the City of Boston. She wrote a book called "People before Highways," and will share with us how Boston activists in the 60's and 70's mobilized to oppose the construction of highways through their neighborhoods and propose a new vision for the city.</p>
<p>Similarly, Prof. Norman Garrick will share how these movements in cities throughout the U.S. raised awareness on the importance of citizen participation in transportation planning.</p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Karilyn Crockett Ph.D. (MIT & City of Boston)</h3>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Movements that opposed auto-centricity</h3>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">2.1.4 Land Use Theory 1</h2>
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<p>Next, we will introduce the principles of land use and transportation. While you watch the lecture, try to reflect on your own housing choices. By what are they driven, and what do you value the most and the least in that decision?</p>
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<legend id="514cb10467d74e43aa3b642e72988f2f_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">According to Von Thunen's theory, land use is a function of:</legend>
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<p>We have just briefly discussed the main principles guiding land use and transportation. Please take a moment to think again what factors play the main roles in shaping your own personal bid rent curve (what do you value most: privacy, space, specific location, safety, ample parking, newer buildings, etc.) and how much different your curve would look if you had more resources to use for housing and transportation. Would it change, or would it remain the same?</p>
<p>Try recalling from Week 1 the magnitude that transportation has as a household budget item and relate it to your personal experience. You may share it with your classmates on the forum below. It is likely that the values and costs will be different for each country/region.</p>
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<p>Now we will introduce the secondary impacts of land use - transportation relationships:</p>
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<p>Take a moment to check out your own urban area (or a nearby city) using the<a href="http://www.atlasofurbanexpansion.org/historical-data" target="[object Object]"> link suggested </a>in the lecture.</p>
<p>Explore the tool by looking at different cities around the world - pay attention to their density and how the cities have evolved over the years.</p>
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