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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Practice Problem 1</h2>
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PART A
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<p>(Excerpted from Applied Mathematical Programming (AMP), Chapter 9, exercise 3).</p>
<p>Note to students. The following problem was written in 1977. The same problem is applicable today, except that it would include other forms of advertising, including Google and Facebook and other social media. </p>
<p>The marketing group of A. J. Pitt Company is considering the
options available for its next advertising campaign program. After
a great deal of work, the group has identified a selected number
of options with the characteristics shown in the accompanying
table.</p>
<center>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th scope="col" style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;"/>
<th scope="col" style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">TV</th>
<th scope="col" style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">Trade Magazine</th>
<th scope="col" style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">Newspaper</th>
<th scope="col" style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">Radio</th>
<th scope="col" style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">Popular magazine</th>
<th scope="col" style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">Promotional campaign</th>
<th scope="col" style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">Total resource available</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">Customers reached</th>
<td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">1,000,000</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">200,000</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">300,000</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">400,000</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">450,000</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">450,000</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">Cost ($)</th>
<td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">500,000</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">150,000</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">300,000</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">250,000</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">250,000</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">100,000</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">1,800,000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">Designers needed (man-hours)</th>
<td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">700</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">250</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">200</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">200</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">300</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">400</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">1,500</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">Salesmen needed (man-hours)</th>
<td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">200</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">100</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">100</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">100</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">100</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">1,000</td>
<td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">1,200</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<caption>Table 1: Advertising Campaign Options</caption>
</table>
</center>
<p>The objective of the advertising program is to
maximize the number of customers reached, subject to the
limitation of resources (money, designers, and salesman) given in
the table above. In addition, the following constraints have to be
met:</p>
<ul>
<li>If the promotional campaign is undertaken, it needs
either a radio or a popular magazine campaign effort to support
it.</li>
<li>The firm cannot advertise in both the trade and
popular magazines.</li>
</ul>
<p>Formulate an integer-programming model that will assist the
company to select an appropriate advertising campaign strategy.
</p>
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PART B
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<p>How many constraints are in your integer program, other than the constraints that a variable is binary?</p>
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PART C
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If you want the option of showing our integer programming formulation, click below.
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PART D
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<p>Model the advertising problem using Excel and solve it using Solver or OpenSolver. An initial spreadsheet containing the data is <a class="modal-content" href="/assets/courseware/v1/39926167f2e960a35dcb8421411c7d6b/asset-v1:MITx+15.053x+3T2016+type@asset+block/R4P1Data.csv"> here</a>, with the headers and columns already removed. </p>
<p>Or model the advertising problem using Julia and JuMP, starting with the data in the spreadsheet</p>
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\(\)
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Practice Problem 2</h2>
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PART A
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Three different items are to be routed through three
machines. Each item must be processed first on machine 1, then on
machine 2, and finally on machine 3. The sequence of items may
differ for each machine. Assume that the times \(t_{ij}\) required
to perform the work on item \(i\) by machine \(j\) are known and are
integers. Our objective is to minimize the total time necessary to
process all the items. In PARTS A to E, we will formulate the problem as an integer program. (All of the parts are put together in PART F.)</p>
<p>Let \( x_{ij} \) denote the time at which job \( i \) starts being processed on machine \( j \). The objective is to minimize z, which is the first time at which all of the jobs are completed. What additional constraints are needed to ensure that z is the earliest time at which all jobs are completed? When you are ready to have the answer shown, click below.
</p>
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PART B
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<p>Write the constraints that ensure that jobs 1 and 2 do not overlap when scheduled on Machine 1. When you are ready to have the answer shown, click below.
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<i>HINT: you will need to use the big M method.</i>
</p>
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PART C
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<p>Write the constraints that ensure that no two of the jobs overlap when scheduled on any of the three machines. When you are ready to have the answer shown, click below.
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PART D
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<p>Write the constraint that ensures that the time that job 1 runs on Machine 2 is at least equal to the time that it completes on Machine 1.
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PART E
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<p>Write the constraints that ensure that the time that job i runs on Machine j is at least equal to the time that it completes on Machine \(j-1\) for all \(i = 1\) to 3 and \(j = 2 \) to 3.
</p>
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PART F
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<p>Are you ready to see the entire formulation?
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Practice Problem 3</h2>
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PART A
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<p>Consider the problem:</p>
<p class="equation">\[\left.\begin{array}{rrcl} \max &amp; x_1 + x_2 \\ \text {s.t.:} &amp; &amp; &amp; \\ &amp; x_1 + x_2 \leq 8 \\
&amp; -x_1 +x_2 \leq 2 \\ &amp; x_1 - x_2 \leq 4 \\ &amp; x_2 \geq 0 \\ &amp; x_1 \in \{0,1,4,6 \} \end{array}\right\}\]</p>
<p>When you formulate this problem as an IP, how many binary variables need to be added
(Assume that no non-binary variables are added)?</p>
<p/>
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PART B
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<p>Formulate the problem as an equivalent integer program</p>
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PART C
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<p>How would your answer to the previous part change if the
objective function were changed to:</p>
<p>\[\text{ MAX } x_1^2 +2x_2\]</p>
<p>
<i>NOTE: It is possible to modify the problem in many different ways. See if you can find a way that adds a single decision variable \(y\) (which will be equal to \((x_1)^2\)) and only one additional constraint.</i>
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