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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Watch: Capturing Interview Data</h2>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Capturing Interview Data</h3>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Read: Finding & Contacting Subjects</h2>
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<p><strong>Sampling:</strong></p>
<p>Researchers find interview subjects in many ways, and follow standard methods for creating research samples.</p>
<p>Conversational interviewing can use either random or targeted methods to sample a designated population.</p>
<p>In non-random sampling, the researcher may seek a collection of people who vary in ways that are expected to matter (for example, age, gender, occupation). Advertisements can sometimes help locate research subjects if there is no systematic or purposive sampling. Or, the researcher may already be acquainted with some of the people he or she wishes to interview. If, however, there is no random sampling, it is not possible to generalize the results beyond the interviewees.</p>
<p>In whatever method is used, care must be taken that no unintended systematic selection has shaped the composition of the interview sample, and every effort has been made to find respondents that cover all logical variations on characteristics that are likely to be important variations in circumstances. This is sometimes referred to as a snowball sample, or convenience sample. There is no claim of being random, but in the end, it may be representative of the variation that exists, if care has been taken to make sure that the sample includes every possible variation in the relevant characteristics of the interviewees. </p>
<p>Sampling is a crucial component of research design, although we do not go into it in depth in this course. However, we do recommend the method used in <a href="https://courses.mitxonline.mit.edu/asset-v1:MITxT+21A.819.2x+3T2021+type@asset+block@Trost_1986.pdf" target="_blank">this paper</a>. </p>
<p><strong>Contacting Subjects: </strong></p>
<p>The relationship with the subject begins with the first contact. </p>
<p>Interviewees are contacted via letter, email, telephone, or sometimes by going door to door in a community, if that is appropriate for the research topic. A lot of care should go into the invitation for the interview. Your research process begins with the first contact you make. What you state, share, the words you choose, can all have an impact on the willingness of people to participate and the the quality of the data later. The researcher should be careful to be clear about what will be expected of the respondent, so that there aren’t any misconceptions at the time of the interview. </p>
<p>It is important to think carefully about how you present your research project to your prospective respondents, and to consider in advance the kinds of questions, apprehensions, and resistance you might encounter. Willingness to participate in interviews often comes down whether the respondent believes the interviewer is empathetic, open, and a good listener, and if they are persuaded that the research itself has some importance to them and their community. Spend the time early in your process considering how you can present your research and interview requests in a friendly, concise, and inviting manner to your potential respondents.</p>
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