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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Map of Lecture 8</h2>
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<p>We will finish our discussion of dualism in this lecture by considering Descartes’ Meditation VI argument in depth. That will require introducing some technical philosopher’s tools, so get ready!</p>
<p>We will end with some of the classic problems for dualism that help motivate the search for a better theory.</p>
<p>A reminder of the reading: Descartes’ “<a href="/assets/courseware/v1/01e5e9502095ea2eba59ed2f13008d6a/asset-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@asset+block/7_descartes_meditation_VI.pdf">Sixth Meditation</a>” and <span style="line-height: 25.6px;">“</span><a href="/assets/courseware/v1/d58341b48f62897f42a3199972cde67b/asset-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@asset+block/8_descartes_passions_of_the_soul.pdf" style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">Passions of the Soul</a><span style="line-height: 25.6px;">”</span><span style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">.</span></p>
<p>Here’s the map. </p>
<ul>
<ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/1628934322934da9be4b1b6ea2275065" target="_blank">A Quick Summary of Meditations I-V</a>: From the method of doubt to the proof of the external world in three minutes.</li>
<li>Back to Meditation VI: To understand the argument at its strongest, we’ll need to introduce some ideas from contemporary philosophy…</li>
<ul>
<ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/e3272c2db98c4b3ba56da00285e75a25" target="_blank">The Argument, Again</a>: A recap of our previous statement of the argument. Can we make it clearer?</li>
<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/153681813cc84c46a7e3db7bc39a8e0a" target="_blank">Possibility</a>: The Mediation VI argument involves the notion of <em>possibility</em>—a topic on which contemporary philosophy has a lot to say<em>.</em> Let’s get clear on exactly what kind of possibility we’re talking about.</li>
<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/afba0ec44f7b46fe9cdee0f0856dc551" target="_blank">Propositions</a>: Something in the contemporary philosophical toolbox which will be very useful to us.</li>
<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/2ff353a41c8540e6a3d3cc5498c4e70e" target="_blank">The Meditation VI Argument Restated</a>: …in terms of propositions.</li>
<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/72b78b10d5ab4e5d9852fbeeeb63a84f" target="_blank">Why God is Dispensable</a>: this is just a vivid metaphor for metaphysical possibility.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/dbbf61389f4e444b894d773954ef19c5" target="_blank">Interlude—A Quick Roadmap</a>: Where we're headed for the rest of Part 2.</li>
<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/fd4bdf2b1de7425b8fae643d9962ce86" target="_blank">Some Classic Problems for Dualism</a>: Dualism has some problems. An especially serious one was pressed by Elisabeth of Bohemia…</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<p></p>
<p>You can download the Lecture 8 slides <a href="/assets/courseware/v1/49aa611eaa343c250f2b5bfd01beecaa/asset-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@asset+block/24.09x_Lecture_8_Slides.key.pdf" target="_blank">here</a>.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">A Quick Summary of Meditations I-V</h2>
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<h1>A Quick Summary of Meditations I-V</h1>
<p>To give you some context, here is an extremely brief summary of the action in the first five Meditations. We start in doubt, we end with a supposed proof of the existence of God and the external world. Not bad, if it works.</p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">A Quick Summary of Meditation I-V</h3>
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Problem: skepticism
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<p>For Descartes, the crucial fact that allows us to refute skepticism is:</p>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Back to Meditation VI: The Argument, Again</h2>
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<h1>Back to Meditation VI</h1>
<p>Now for the main event: the second, and more powerful of the arguments for dualism. We start with our previous statement of the argument, and then introduce some more contemporary philosophical ideas to get clearer on what, exactly, is going on. At the end we will state the argument again in more modern terms. By the end of this part of the lecture, you should understand the argument.</p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video: The Argument, Again</h3>
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<p><strong>P1:</strong> I can clearly and distinctly conceive that I exist without my body existing</p>
<p><strong>P2</strong>: If <span style="line-height: 25.6000003814697px;">I can clearly and distinctly conceive that I exist without my body existing, then I could exist without my body existing</span></p>
<p><strong>C1: </strong>I could exist without my body existing</p>
<p><strong>C2</strong>: I am not my body</p>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Back to Meditation VI: Possibility</h2>
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<p>Descartes’<span style="font-size: 1em;"> argument involves the notion of </span><em style="font-size: 1em;">possibility</em><span style="font-size: 1em;">: we go from a premise about what is possibly the case (i.e. C1) to a conclusion about what is actually the case (i.e. C2). And a lot of progress in understanding possibility has been made since Descartes</span><span style="color: #4c4c4c; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">’</span> time<span style="font-size: 1em;">. Let<span style="color: #4c4c4c; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">’</span>s make some distinctions, and identify what kind of possibility Descartes had in mind.</span></p>
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Problem: philosophy class
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<p>Tye teaches a philosophy class on mondays and wednesdays, 10-11. When recording attendance on wednesday, Tye notices that Jack, one of his students, is not in class. Tye knows that Jack is a good, conscientious student, so he knows there must be an important reason why Jack did not attend class.</p>
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Problem: doppelgänger
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<p>You are walking down the street when you see a person who looks exactly like your mother. But you know that your mother is on a plane, because you saw her off at the airport 30 minutes ago. </p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video: Possibility: Non-Epistemic Possibility</h3>
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<p>Cynthia told Sarah about a man who ran a two-minute mile. &#8220;Impossible!&#8221; she said.</p>
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<p>Mareena oversleeps and has to get to class quickly. She has no time to check the weather report for the day, but she knows it has been raining lately. She says, &#8220;It might be raining&#8221; and grabs an umbrella before heading out.</p>
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Problem: Godzilla
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<p>Pat recently saw <em>Godzilla</em>, a movie about a 30-story tall, 150,000 ton monster. Pat discussed the movie with Sherane, a friend in the Physics department.</p>
<p>&#8220;I know Godzilla isn&#8217;t real, but I&#8217;m sure such a monster <em>could</em> exist,&#8221; Pat said.</p>
<p>&#8220;Godzilla couldn&#8217;t exist,&#8221; Sherane replied. &#8220;It would be too heavy to move itself around.&#8221;</p>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Back to Meditation VI: Propositions</h2>
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<p>Something else from the philosophical toolbox, which will help us here and elsewhere: <em>propositions</em>. Watch the following two videos and learn about them!</p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video: Propositions: Introducing Propositions</h3>
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Problem: propositions
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video: Propositions: Necessary, Possible and Impossible Propositions</h3>
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Problem: necessary/possible
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<legend id="997cb9858ccc4dc692b862d6b9278960_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">All true propositions are possible.</legend>
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Problem: impossible/true
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<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_c99051a40e5245f3a020d3ed8148d645_2_1">
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<legend id="c99051a40e5245f3a020d3ed8148d645_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">All impossible propositions are true.</legend>
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<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="7f5a1fd6a2274f259ed4ea36140a277d-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@7f5a1fd6a2274f259ed4ea36140a277d-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Problem: necessary
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<div class="problem-progress" id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@7f5a1fd6a2274f259ed4ea36140a277d-problem-progress"></div>
<div class="problem">
<div>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_7f5a1fd6a2274f259ed4ea36140a277d_2_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_7f5a1fd6a2274f259ed4ea36140a277d_2_1">
<legend id="7f5a1fd6a2274f259ed4ea36140a277d_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Mark all the necessary propositions.</legend>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_7f5a1fd6a2274f259ed4ea36140a277d_2_1[]" id="input_7f5a1fd6a2274f259ed4ea36140a277d_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_0"/><label id="7f5a1fd6a2274f259ed4ea36140a277d_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_7f5a1fd6a2274f259ed4ea36140a277d_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_7f5a1fd6a2274f259ed4ea36140a277d_2_1"> Barack Obama is the president of the United States in 2015.
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</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_7f5a1fd6a2274f259ed4ea36140a277d_2_1[]" id="input_7f5a1fd6a2274f259ed4ea36140a277d_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_1"/><label id="7f5a1fd6a2274f259ed4ea36140a277d_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_7f5a1fd6a2274f259ed4ea36140a277d_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_7f5a1fd6a2274f259ed4ea36140a277d_2_1"> 2 + 2 = 5.
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<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_7f5a1fd6a2274f259ed4ea36140a277d_2_1[]" id="input_7f5a1fd6a2274f259ed4ea36140a277d_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_2"/><label id="7f5a1fd6a2274f259ed4ea36140a277d_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_7f5a1fd6a2274f259ed4ea36140a277d_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_7f5a1fd6a2274f259ed4ea36140a277d_2_1"> All cats are cats.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_7f5a1fd6a2274f259ed4ea36140a277d_2_1[]" id="input_7f5a1fd6a2274f259ed4ea36140a277d_2_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_3"/><label id="7f5a1fd6a2274f259ed4ea36140a277d_2_1-choice_3-label" for="input_7f5a1fd6a2274f259ed4ea36140a277d_2_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_7f5a1fd6a2274f259ed4ea36140a277d_2_1"> There are twelve planets.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_7f5a1fd6a2274f259ed4ea36140a277d_2_1[]" id="input_7f5a1fd6a2274f259ed4ea36140a277d_2_1_choice_4" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_4"/><label id="7f5a1fd6a2274f259ed4ea36140a277d_2_1-choice_4-label" for="input_7f5a1fd6a2274f259ed4ea36140a277d_2_1_choice_4" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_7f5a1fd6a2274f259ed4ea36140a277d_2_1"> There are eight planets.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_7f5a1fd6a2274f259ed4ea36140a277d_2_1[]" id="input_7f5a1fd6a2274f259ed4ea36140a277d_2_1_choice_5" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_5"/><label id="7f5a1fd6a2274f259ed4ea36140a277d_2_1-choice_5-label" for="input_7f5a1fd6a2274f259ed4ea36140a277d_2_1_choice_5" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_7f5a1fd6a2274f259ed4ea36140a277d_2_1"> 1 + 1 = 2.
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<span class="status unanswered" id="status_7f5a1fd6a2274f259ed4ea36140a277d_2_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered.">
<span class="sr">unanswered</span><span class="status-icon" aria-hidden="true"/>
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<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="7e9b3b223f534e50929d0eeeaad42c49-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@7e9b3b223f534e50929d0eeeaad42c49-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Problem: possible
</h3>
<div class="problem-progress" id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@7e9b3b223f534e50929d0eeeaad42c49-problem-progress"></div>
<div class="problem">
<div>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_7e9b3b223f534e50929d0eeeaad42c49_2_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_7e9b3b223f534e50929d0eeeaad42c49_2_1">
<legend id="7e9b3b223f534e50929d0eeeaad42c49_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Mark all the possible propositions</legend>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_7e9b3b223f534e50929d0eeeaad42c49_2_1[]" id="input_7e9b3b223f534e50929d0eeeaad42c49_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_0"/><label id="7e9b3b223f534e50929d0eeeaad42c49_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_7e9b3b223f534e50929d0eeeaad42c49_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_7e9b3b223f534e50929d0eeeaad42c49_2_1"> Barack Obama is the president of the United States in 2015.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_7e9b3b223f534e50929d0eeeaad42c49_2_1[]" id="input_7e9b3b223f534e50929d0eeeaad42c49_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_1"/><label id="7e9b3b223f534e50929d0eeeaad42c49_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_7e9b3b223f534e50929d0eeeaad42c49_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_7e9b3b223f534e50929d0eeeaad42c49_2_1"> 2 + 2 = 5.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_7e9b3b223f534e50929d0eeeaad42c49_2_1[]" id="input_7e9b3b223f534e50929d0eeeaad42c49_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_2"/><label id="7e9b3b223f534e50929d0eeeaad42c49_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_7e9b3b223f534e50929d0eeeaad42c49_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_7e9b3b223f534e50929d0eeeaad42c49_2_1"> All cats are cats.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_7e9b3b223f534e50929d0eeeaad42c49_2_1[]" id="input_7e9b3b223f534e50929d0eeeaad42c49_2_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_3"/><label id="7e9b3b223f534e50929d0eeeaad42c49_2_1-choice_3-label" for="input_7e9b3b223f534e50929d0eeeaad42c49_2_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_7e9b3b223f534e50929d0eeeaad42c49_2_1"> There are twelve planets.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_7e9b3b223f534e50929d0eeeaad42c49_2_1[]" id="input_7e9b3b223f534e50929d0eeeaad42c49_2_1_choice_4" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_4"/><label id="7e9b3b223f534e50929d0eeeaad42c49_2_1-choice_4-label" for="input_7e9b3b223f534e50929d0eeeaad42c49_2_1_choice_4" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_7e9b3b223f534e50929d0eeeaad42c49_2_1"> There are eight planets.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_7e9b3b223f534e50929d0eeeaad42c49_2_1[]" id="input_7e9b3b223f534e50929d0eeeaad42c49_2_1_choice_5" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_5"/><label id="7e9b3b223f534e50929d0eeeaad42c49_2_1-choice_5-label" for="input_7e9b3b223f534e50929d0eeeaad42c49_2_1_choice_5" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_7e9b3b223f534e50929d0eeeaad42c49_2_1"> 1 + 1 = 2.
</label>
</div>
<span id="answer_7e9b3b223f534e50929d0eeeaad42c49_2_1"/>
</fieldset>
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<span class="status unanswered" id="status_7e9b3b223f534e50929d0eeeaad42c49_2_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered.">
<span class="sr">unanswered</span><span class="status-icon" aria-hidden="true"/>
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Problem: contingent
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<legend id="8749df2ec3b64aafa797267c8254509a_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Mark all the contingent propositions</legend>
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_8749df2ec3b64aafa797267c8254509a_2_1[]" id="input_8749df2ec3b64aafa797267c8254509a_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_0"/><label id="8749df2ec3b64aafa797267c8254509a_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_8749df2ec3b64aafa797267c8254509a_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_8749df2ec3b64aafa797267c8254509a_2_1"> Barack Obama is the president of the United States in 2015.
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_8749df2ec3b64aafa797267c8254509a_2_1[]" id="input_8749df2ec3b64aafa797267c8254509a_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_1"/><label id="8749df2ec3b64aafa797267c8254509a_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_8749df2ec3b64aafa797267c8254509a_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_8749df2ec3b64aafa797267c8254509a_2_1"> 2 + 2 = 5.
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_8749df2ec3b64aafa797267c8254509a_2_1[]" id="input_8749df2ec3b64aafa797267c8254509a_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_2"/><label id="8749df2ec3b64aafa797267c8254509a_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_8749df2ec3b64aafa797267c8254509a_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_8749df2ec3b64aafa797267c8254509a_2_1"> All cats are cats.
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_8749df2ec3b64aafa797267c8254509a_2_1[]" id="input_8749df2ec3b64aafa797267c8254509a_2_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_3"/><label id="8749df2ec3b64aafa797267c8254509a_2_1-choice_3-label" for="input_8749df2ec3b64aafa797267c8254509a_2_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_8749df2ec3b64aafa797267c8254509a_2_1"> There are twelve planets.
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_8749df2ec3b64aafa797267c8254509a_2_1[]" id="input_8749df2ec3b64aafa797267c8254509a_2_1_choice_4" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_4"/><label id="8749df2ec3b64aafa797267c8254509a_2_1-choice_4-label" for="input_8749df2ec3b64aafa797267c8254509a_2_1_choice_4" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_8749df2ec3b64aafa797267c8254509a_2_1"> There are eight planets.
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_8749df2ec3b64aafa797267c8254509a_2_1[]" id="input_8749df2ec3b64aafa797267c8254509a_2_1_choice_5" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_5"/><label id="8749df2ec3b64aafa797267c8254509a_2_1-choice_5-label" for="input_8749df2ec3b64aafa797267c8254509a_2_1_choice_5" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_8749df2ec3b64aafa797267c8254509a_2_1"> 1 + 1 = 2.
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Problem: impossible
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<legend id="08f96d227a104918ac132a70ab352ed7_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Mark all the impossible propositions</legend>
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_08f96d227a104918ac132a70ab352ed7_2_1[]" id="input_08f96d227a104918ac132a70ab352ed7_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_0"/><label id="08f96d227a104918ac132a70ab352ed7_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_08f96d227a104918ac132a70ab352ed7_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_08f96d227a104918ac132a70ab352ed7_2_1"> Barack Obama is the president of the United States in 2015.
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_08f96d227a104918ac132a70ab352ed7_2_1[]" id="input_08f96d227a104918ac132a70ab352ed7_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_1"/><label id="08f96d227a104918ac132a70ab352ed7_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_08f96d227a104918ac132a70ab352ed7_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_08f96d227a104918ac132a70ab352ed7_2_1"> 2 + 2 = 5.
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_08f96d227a104918ac132a70ab352ed7_2_1[]" id="input_08f96d227a104918ac132a70ab352ed7_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_2"/><label id="08f96d227a104918ac132a70ab352ed7_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_08f96d227a104918ac132a70ab352ed7_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_08f96d227a104918ac132a70ab352ed7_2_1"> All cats are cats.
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_08f96d227a104918ac132a70ab352ed7_2_1[]" id="input_08f96d227a104918ac132a70ab352ed7_2_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_3"/><label id="08f96d227a104918ac132a70ab352ed7_2_1-choice_3-label" for="input_08f96d227a104918ac132a70ab352ed7_2_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_08f96d227a104918ac132a70ab352ed7_2_1"> There are twelve planets.
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_08f96d227a104918ac132a70ab352ed7_2_1[]" id="input_08f96d227a104918ac132a70ab352ed7_2_1_choice_4" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_4"/><label id="08f96d227a104918ac132a70ab352ed7_2_1-choice_4-label" for="input_08f96d227a104918ac132a70ab352ed7_2_1_choice_4" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_08f96d227a104918ac132a70ab352ed7_2_1"> There are eight planets.
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_08f96d227a104918ac132a70ab352ed7_2_1[]" id="input_08f96d227a104918ac132a70ab352ed7_2_1_choice_5" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_5"/><label id="08f96d227a104918ac132a70ab352ed7_2_1-choice_5-label" for="input_08f96d227a104918ac132a70ab352ed7_2_1_choice_5" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_08f96d227a104918ac132a70ab352ed7_2_1"> 1 + 1 = 2.
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Back to Meditation VI: The Meditation VI Argument Restated</h2>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video: The Meditation VI Argument Restated</h3>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Back to Meditation VI: Why God is Dispensable</h2>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Interlude - A Quick Roadmap</h2>
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<h1>Interlude — A Quick Roadmap</h1>
<p>So we’ve just finished with Descartes’ second argument for dualism, and found it has a certain problem. Below, I’ll tell you the plan for the rest of Topic 2; it will involve, eventually, getting around to fixing the problem with Descartes’ argument. You should know where we’re headed by the end of this part of the lecture.</p>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Some Classic Problems for Dualism</h2>
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<h1>Some Classic Problems for Dualism</h1>
<p>We end our discussion of dualism with some of its classic problems. These problems help motivate the search for other theories of mind—in particular, the ones we will discuss in the rest of Part 2.</p>
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Problem: Elisabeth of Bohemia
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<p>According to Elisabeth of Bohemia, there is a problem with dualism. </p>
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<p>See you in the next lecture, where we’ll discuss a theory of mind that aims to overcome these problems: <em>behaviorism</em>. Please read Ryle, “<a href="/assets/courseware/v1/3d83552836632df1ce52c6d3d5ee9b13/asset-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@asset+block/9_ryle_descartes__myth.pdf">Descartes’ Myth</a>”<span style="font-size: 1em;">.</span></p>
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