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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">The Farmer Movement</h2>
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<h3>The Farmer Movement</h3>
<p>Despite the prominence of factory workers in the labor movement, in interwar Japan they remained a minority of the Japanese labor force. Tenant farmers formed a much larger group in a similar position at the low end of the social hierarchy.</p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Lecture 6.10: The Farmer Movement</h3>
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<p>Tokyo Proletarian Conference for Tohoku Famine Relief. <em>Famine Relief Campaign</em>. 1934. Poster. &#332;hara Institute for Social Research. <a target="_blank" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/">CC BY NC SA</a>. [<a target="_blank" href="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/protest_interwar_japan/gal/pij_all/pages/g510_1931c_PA0895.htm">PA0895</a>]</p>
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<input type="radio" name="input_d6a30370efbc4947847af4a3331c76c6_2_1" id="input_d6a30370efbc4947847af4a3331c76c6_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="d6a30370efbc4947847af4a3331c76c6_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_d6a30370efbc4947847af4a3331c76c6_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d6a30370efbc4947847af4a3331c76c6_2_1"> They continued to grow in size, reflecting the diligence of labor activists and organizers
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Lecture 6.11: Protest & Proletarian Art</h3>
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_f9e66de5e5764df4bfe477ec86e9232c_2_1[]" id="input_f9e66de5e5764df4bfe477ec86e9232c_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_1"/><label id="f9e66de5e5764df4bfe477ec86e9232c_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_f9e66de5e5764df4bfe477ec86e9232c_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_f9e66de5e5764df4bfe477ec86e9232c_2_1"> The political system had become relatively stable and harmonious
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_f9e66de5e5764df4bfe477ec86e9232c_2_1[]" id="input_f9e66de5e5764df4bfe477ec86e9232c_2_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_3"/><label id="f9e66de5e5764df4bfe477ec86e9232c_2_1-choice_3-label" for="input_f9e66de5e5764df4bfe477ec86e9232c_2_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_f9e66de5e5764df4bfe477ec86e9232c_2_1"> Conflict and protest continued to characterize social, economic, and political relations in Japan
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<h3>Commerce & Popular Culture in the New Tokyo</h3>
<p>Alongside the ongoing social protest and organization of laborers and farmers, commerce and popular culture flourished in interwar Japan. Nowhere was this more apparent than Tokyo, the capital of imperial Japan. In the remaining lectures, Professors Dower and Gordon will introduce us to interwar Tokyo by exploring several series of modern woodblock prints.</p>
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<h3>100 Views of Tokyo</h3>
<p>Can you identify the following images from the “100 Views of New Tokyo” series? Look closely at each image, and see if you can match it to the right description.</p>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Image A<a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/tokyo_modern_03/8_artists/images/8A_096_1930_Suwa.jpg" class="modal-content"><img src="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/tokyo_modern_03/8_artists/images/8A_096_1930_Suwa.jpg" alt="garbage incinerator behind fence with tall smokestack belching smoke" /></a></td>
<td>Image B<a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/tokyo_modern_03/8_artists/images/8A_029_1929_Onchi.jpg" class="modal-content"><img src="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/tokyo_modern_03/8_artists/images/8A_029_1929_Onchi.jpg" alt="movie theater with rows of people watching film" /></a></td>
<td>Image C<a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/tokyo_modern_03/8_artists/images/8A_099_1932_Suwa.jpg" class="modal-content"><img src="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/tokyo_modern_03/8_artists/images/8A_099_1932_Suwa.jpg" alt="Diet Building in pink with tree-lined road leading to it" /></a></td>
<td>Image D<a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/tokyo_modern_03/8_artists/images/8A_011_1931_Maekawa.jpg" class="modal-content"><img src="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/tokyo_modern_03/8_artists/images/8A_011_1931_Maekawa.jpg" alt="men, women, and children boarding subway at station" /></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>All images <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/" target="[object Object]">CC BY NC SA</a>. Full credits at the bottom of the page.</p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Lecture 6.13: Koizumi Kishio’s “Hundred Views of Great Tokyo”</h3>
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<h3>Koizumi Kishio’s Tokyo</h3>
<p>Koizumi’s lavish sets of prints documenting the “New Tokyo” illustrate a modern, cosmopolitan city. Match each of the following prints to the symbol of modernity it best depicts.</p>
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<td>Image A<a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/tokyo_modern_02/gallery_100_views/images/kk017_1931_w090_park.jpg" class="modal-content"><img src="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/tokyo_modern_02/gallery_100_views/images/kk017_1931_w090_park.jpg" alt="woman in hat walking at dusk in glow of streetlight" /></a></td>
<td>Image B<a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/tokyo_modern_02/gallery_100_views/images/kk027r_1940_w078_station.jpg" class="modal-content"><img src="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/tokyo_modern_02/gallery_100_views/images/kk027r_1940_w078_station.jpg" alt="train pulling into busy station with powerlines crisscrossing overhead" /></a></td>
<td>Image C<a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/tokyo_modern_02/gallery_100_views/images/kk082_1936_w017_golf.jpg" class="modal-content"><img src="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/tokyo_modern_02/gallery_100_views/images/kk082_1936_w017_golf.jpg" alt="building overlooking open field where men are playing golf" /></a></td>
<td>Image D<a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/tokyo_modern_02/gallery_100_views/images/kk003_1929_w105_bank.jpg" class="modal-content"><img src="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/tokyo_modern_02/gallery_100_views/images/kk003_1929_w105_bank.jpg" alt="cars, bicycles, and pedestrians on street in front of white building with Greek columns" /></a></td>
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<p>All images <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/" target="[object Object]">CC BY NC SA</a>. Full credits at the bottom of the page.</p>
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<p><strong><a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/tokyo_modern_01/index.html" target="_blank">Cick here</a></strong> to explore both series of prints depicting the “New Tokyo” on the Visualizing Cultures website.</p>
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<h3>Image Credits</h3>
<h4><em>100 Views of New Tokyo</em> matching exercise:</h4>
<p>Image A: Suwa Kanenori. "Fukagawa Garbage Incinerator." From <em>100 Views of New Tokyo</em>. 1930. Woodblock print. Carnegie Museum of Art. [<a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/tokyo_modern_03/8_artists/images/8A_096_1930_Suwa.jpg" target="[object Object]">8A_096_1930_Suwa</a>]</p>
<p>Image B: Onchi Koshiro. "Movie Theater." From <em>100 Views of New Tokyo</em>. 1929. Woodblock print. Carnegie Museum of Art. [<a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/tokyo_modern_03/8_artists/images/8A_029_1929_Onchi.jpg" target="[object Object]">8A_029_1929_Onchi</a>]</p>
<p>Image C: Suwa Kanenori. "Imperial Diet Building." From <em>100 Views of New Tokyo</em>. 1932. Woodblock print. Carnegie Museum of Art. [<a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/tokyo_modern_03/8_artists/images/8A_099_1932_Suwa.jpg" target="[object Object]">8A_099_1932_Suwa</a>]</p>
<p>Image D: Maekawa Senpan. "Subway." From <em>100 Views of New Tokyo</em>. 1931. Woodblock print. Carnegie Museum of Art. [<a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/tokyo_modern_03/8_artists/images/8A_011_1931_Maekawa.jpg" target="[object Object]">8A_011_1931_Maekawa</a>]</p>
<p>To view the full gallery, <a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/tokyo_modern_03/kk_gal_03_thumb.html" target="[object Object]">click here</a>.</p>
<h4>Koizumi Kishio matching exercise:</h4>
<p>Image A: Koizumi Kishio. "Yamashita Entrance to Ueno Park." <em>100 Views of Great Tokyo</em>. 1931. Woodblock print. Mitchell Wolfson Jr. Collection. Wolfsonion-FIU. [<a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/tokyo_modern_02/gallery_100_views/images/kk017_1931_w090_park.jpg" target="[object Object]">kk017</a>]</p>
<p>Image B: Koizumi Kishio. "Togoshi Ginza Station." <em>100 Views of Great Tokyo</em>. 1940. Woodblock print. Mitchell Wolfson Jr. Collection. Wolfsonian-FIU. [<a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/tokyo_modern_02/gallery_100_views/images/kk027r_1940_w078_station.jpg" target="[object Object]">kk027r</a>]</p>
<p>Image C: Koizumi Kishio. "Golf Course at Komazawa." <em>100 Views of Great Tokyo</em>. 1936. Woodblock print. Mitchell Wolfson Jr. Collection. Wolfsonian-FIU. [<a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/tokyo_modern_02/gallery_100_views/images/kk082_1936_w017_golf.jpg" target="[object Object]">kk082</a>]</p>
<p>Image D: Koizumi Kishio. "Mitsui Bank and Mitsukoshi Department Store." <em>100 Views of Great Tokyo</em>. 1929. Woodblock print. Mitchell Wolfson Jr. Collection. Wolfsonian-FIU. [<a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/tokyo_modern_02/gallery_100_views/images/kk003_1929_w105_bank.jpg" target="[object Object]">kk003</a>]</p>
<p>To view the full gallery, <a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/tokyo_modern_02/kk_gal_01_thumb.html" target="[object Object]">click here</a>.</p>
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<h3>Concluding Thoughts</h3>
<p>Professors Dower and Gordon leave us with some final thoughts before we launch into the final module of the course, “Modernity in Interwar Japan.”</p>
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Multiple Choice
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<legend id="3586b703f38a46518dc08118270b3d22_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">What is the key contradiction or tension at play in interwar Japan, based on the themes we&#8217;ve looked at in this brief transition? Select the best answer.</legend>
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<input type="radio" name="input_3586b703f38a46518dc08118270b3d22_2_1" id="input_3586b703f38a46518dc08118270b3d22_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="3586b703f38a46518dc08118270b3d22_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_3586b703f38a46518dc08118270b3d22_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_3586b703f38a46518dc08118270b3d22_2_1"> Increasing desire for political participation among the people was met with increasing political repression by elites and military leaders
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<input type="radio" name="input_3586b703f38a46518dc08118270b3d22_2_1" id="input_3586b703f38a46518dc08118270b3d22_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="3586b703f38a46518dc08118270b3d22_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_3586b703f38a46518dc08118270b3d22_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_3586b703f38a46518dc08118270b3d22_2_1"> Domestic developments in the economy and politics sat at odds with international pressure and the global depression
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<h3>Second Transition Complete</h3>
<p>You have now completed the second transition and are about to start <span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">the final module of the course, “Modernity in Interwar Japan.” </span><span style="font-size: 1em;">Keep the tensions you learned about in mind as we move into the unit on Shiseido, an archetypical modern company rooted in the urban-consumer culture of Tokyo.</span></p>
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