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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Introduction to Day 9</h2>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Welcome to the final day of this module! Today, we will be delving into the social realities of the Philippines under American occupation, as depicted in these critical cartoons. What was the impact of the Philippine-American War on Filipinos and what are the justifications for the US to engage in the conflict? We return to the fundamental question posed at the beginning of this module: who is actually the barbarian?</span></p>
<p>These are all the images that we will be working with. Take a look, and move on to the videos and exercises.</p>
<p><strong style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline;">Warning on viewing historical images</strong><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">: Images from the past can be offensive to view. By showing certain images or discussing certain topics, we do not endorse the views or opinions they present, but seek to understand the past, even when it is difficult to look at in the present. This course does not reflect the views of MIT, MITx, EdX or Visualizing Cultures.</span></p>
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<h3>Image Gallery for Day 9</h3>
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<p style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin-top: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline;">"A Red-Letter Day. The Stranger: How long have you been civilized? The Native: Ever since my home was burned to the ground and my wife and children shot." </em><span style="font-style: normal;">Life, October 18, 1900. Artist: Frederick Thompson Richards. [</span><a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/gallery/pages/cb94-319_1900_oct18__2d6f47.htm" target="[object Object]" style="color: #009fe6; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; background: transparent; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">cb94-319_1900_oct18__2d6f47</a><span style="font-style: normal;">]</span></em></p>
<p style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin-top: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><em style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline;">"William! William!! The President's Speech"</em> Life, May 24, 1900. Artist: William Bengough. Source: Widener Library, Harvard University. [<a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/gallery/pages/cb93-317_1900_may24__2d6d43.htm" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; color: #009fe6;">cb93-317_1900_may24__2d6d43</a>]</span></em></p>
<p style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin-top: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">"Lucky Filipinos." </em><span style="font-style: normal;">Life, May 3, 1900. Artist: unknown. Source: Widener Library, Harvard University. [</span><a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/gallery/pages/cb92-315_1900_may3_l_2d6f46.htm" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; color: #009fe6;">cb92-315_1900_may3_l_2d6f46</a><span style="font-style: normal;">]</span></em></p>
<p style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin-top: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">"The Harvest in the Philippines." </em>Life, July 6, 1899. Artist: Frederick Thompson Richards. <strong style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">SOURCE? </strong>[<a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/gallery/pages/cb91-313_1899_july6__2d5995.htm" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; color: #009fe6;">cb91-313_1899_july6__2d5995</a>]</p>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Figure 27. Figure. “A Red-Letter Day.”</h2>
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</p>
<p>First, turn your attention to this cartoon and its very explicit caption. What has civilization come to entail for Filipinos under American occupation, as suggested by this graphic? Watch the video and then, answer the question.</p>
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<p><em style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Life, October 18, 1900. Artist: Frederick Thompson Richards. </span></em></p>
<p><em style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span><a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/gallery/pages/cb94-319_1900_oct18__2d6f47.htm" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; color: #009fe6;">cb94-319_1900_oct18__2d6f47</a><span style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></em></p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video II-27: Figure 27 - "A Red-Letter Day"</h3>
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Checkboxes
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Figure 28. “ Life: William William”</h2>
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</p>
<p>Now, look at this cartoon. Who is the figure in the center? Who is he standing on? In this video, your professors will further highlight the innate contradictions of the Philippine-American War. After you watch it, move on to the question.</p>
<p><img href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,0)" alt="U.S. President William McKinley depicted as a preacher standing on a dead Filipino, grinding his heel into the man’s face." src="/assets/courseware/v1/16903029d28c9a9c1e4c6d49a57cd0d5/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/cb93-317_1900_May24_life1900v2_013_William_widener_1500w.jpeg" width="60%" style="float: left; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px; cursor: pointer;" /></p>
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<p><em style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Life, May 24, 1900. Artist: William Bengough. Source: Widener Library, Harvard University. </span></em></p>
<p><em style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">[<a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/gallery/pages/cb93-317_1900_may24__2d6d43.htm" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; color: #009fe6;">cb93-317_1900_may24__2d6d43</a>]</span></em></p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video II-28: Figure 28 - "Life: William, William"</h3>
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Multiple Choice
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<legend id="892641f46b604931a7749aedb66d217e_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">This image suggests that the Philippine-American War, as of 1900, has turned its back on what principle(s)?</legend>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Figure 29. “Lucky Filipinos.”</h2>
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</p>
<p>Here, study the image closely and pay attention to the text. What does this cartoon suggest has been the results of American imperialism in the Philippines? How has American occupation changed Manila? What is the meaning of civilization or progress? Watch the video in which your professors probe these questions. Then, complete the exercise.</p>
<p><img href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,0)" alt="An American soldier pointing a gun at a village, with an American flag and a ghost in the background." src="/assets/courseware/v1/b6b5a4c7bf6e7d1460c548333a6ccc6d/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/cb92-315_1900_May3_life1900v2_008_widener_1500w.jpeg" width="60%" style="float: left; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px; cursor: pointer;" /></p>
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<p><em style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Life, May 3, 1900. Artist: unknown. Source: Widener Library, Harvard University. </span></em></p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video II-29: Figure 29 - "Lucky Filipinos" </h3>
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Checkboxes
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<fieldset aria-describedby="status_d632e41c284f4ae5bec87ea4caaa6e4c_2_1">
<legend id="d632e41c284f4ae5bec87ea4caaa6e4c_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">What has American occupation brought to the Philippines, according to this cartoon and its accompanying text? Check all that apply.</legend>
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_d632e41c284f4ae5bec87ea4caaa6e4c_2_1[]" id="input_d632e41c284f4ae5bec87ea4caaa6e4c_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_0"/><label id="d632e41c284f4ae5bec87ea4caaa6e4c_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_d632e41c284f4ae5bec87ea4caaa6e4c_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d632e41c284f4ae5bec87ea4caaa6e4c_2_1"> Provisions for social welfare
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_d632e41c284f4ae5bec87ea4caaa6e4c_2_1[]" id="input_d632e41c284f4ae5bec87ea4caaa6e4c_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_1"/><label id="d632e41c284f4ae5bec87ea4caaa6e4c_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_d632e41c284f4ae5bec87ea4caaa6e4c_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d632e41c284f4ae5bec87ea4caaa6e4c_2_1"> The loss of Filipino lives
</label>
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<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_d632e41c284f4ae5bec87ea4caaa6e4c_2_1[]" id="input_d632e41c284f4ae5bec87ea4caaa6e4c_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_2"/><label id="d632e41c284f4ae5bec87ea4caaa6e4c_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_d632e41c284f4ae5bec87ea4caaa6e4c_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d632e41c284f4ae5bec87ea4caaa6e4c_2_1"> Christianity
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<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_d632e41c284f4ae5bec87ea4caaa6e4c_2_1[]" id="input_d632e41c284f4ae5bec87ea4caaa6e4c_2_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_3"/><label id="d632e41c284f4ae5bec87ea4caaa6e4c_2_1-choice_3-label" for="input_d632e41c284f4ae5bec87ea4caaa6e4c_2_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d632e41c284f4ae5bec87ea4caaa6e4c_2_1"> The burning of villages and homes
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_d632e41c284f4ae5bec87ea4caaa6e4c_2_1[]" id="input_d632e41c284f4ae5bec87ea4caaa6e4c_2_1_choice_4" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_4"/><label id="d632e41c284f4ae5bec87ea4caaa6e4c_2_1-choice_4-label" for="input_d632e41c284f4ae5bec87ea4caaa6e4c_2_1_choice_4" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d632e41c284f4ae5bec87ea4caaa6e4c_2_1"> The destruction of property
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_d632e41c284f4ae5bec87ea4caaa6e4c_2_1[]" id="input_d632e41c284f4ae5bec87ea4caaa6e4c_2_1_choice_5" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_5"/><label id="d632e41c284f4ae5bec87ea4caaa6e4c_2_1-choice_5-label" for="input_d632e41c284f4ae5bec87ea4caaa6e4c_2_1_choice_5" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d632e41c284f4ae5bec87ea4caaa6e4c_2_1"> Technological innovation
</label>
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<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_d632e41c284f4ae5bec87ea4caaa6e4c_2_1[]" id="input_d632e41c284f4ae5bec87ea4caaa6e4c_2_1_choice_6" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_6"/><label id="d632e41c284f4ae5bec87ea4caaa6e4c_2_1-choice_6-label" for="input_d632e41c284f4ae5bec87ea4caaa6e4c_2_1_choice_6" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d632e41c284f4ae5bec87ea4caaa6e4c_2_1"> Assaults on Filipino women
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Figure 30. “The Harvest in the Philippines”</h2>
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<p>Finally, turn your attention to this cartoon. What is the "harvest" in the Philippines? What has been the physical and social cost of the Philippine-American War? Watch the video in which your professors discuss the scale and impact of this largely forgotten war. </p>
<p>Then, move on to all three of the battlefield images. Study each of them carefully and answer the series of questions that follows.</p>
<p><img src="/assets/courseware/v1/022495986db170238e2728aba2efbddf/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/cb91-313_1899_July6_Life_eis_1500w.jpeg" alt="Uncle Sam, armed with a cannon and guns, standing in front of rows of dead Filipino soldiers." width="60%" style="float: left; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px;" /><em style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">"The Harvest in the Philippines." </em></p>
<p><span style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">Life, July 6, 1899. Artist: Frederick Thompson Richards. </span><strong style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> </strong></p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video II-30: Figure 30 - "The Harvest in the Philippines"</h3>
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<h3>Battlefield Scenes</h3>
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<p><b>Image Credits (from left to right)</b></p>
<p><em style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">"The Harvest in the Philippines." </em><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Life, July 6, 1899. Artist: Frederick Thompson Richards. </span><strong style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">SOURCE? </strong><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">[</span><a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/gallery/pages/cb91-313_1899_july6__2d5995.htm" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; color: #009fe6;">cb91-313_1899_july6__2d5995</a><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">]</span></p>
<p><em style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">"Think It Over. All this for politics</em><em style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">—is civilization advancing?" </em><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Judge, February 3, 1900. Artist: Victor Gillam. Source: Widener Library, Harvard University. [</span><a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/gallery/pages/cb82-016_judge_1900_007_c.htm" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; color: #009fe6;">cb82-016_judge_1900_007_c</a><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">]</span><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"></span></p>
<p><em style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">"Le Royaume-Uni" ("United Kingdom"). </em><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">L'Assiette au Beurre, September 28, 1901. Artist: Jean Veber. Source: Bibliothèque nationale de France. [</span><a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/gallery/pages/cb90-210_1901_sept28_2d598f.htm" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; color: #009fe6;">cb90-210_1901_sept28_2d598f</a><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">]</span></p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="115f86f5c3de4a81b058e5d36fee729a-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@problem+block@115f86f5c3de4a81b058e5d36fee729a-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Dropdown
</h3>
<div class="problem-progress" id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@problem+block@115f86f5c3de4a81b058e5d36fee729a-problem-progress"></div>
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<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="inputtype option-input ">
<label class="problem-group-label" for="input_115f86f5c3de4a81b058e5d36fee729a_2_1" id="label_115f86f5c3de4a81b058e5d36fee729a_2_1">Which image is about the U.S.?</label>
<select name="input_115f86f5c3de4a81b058e5d36fee729a_2_1" id="input_115f86f5c3de4a81b058e5d36fee729a_2_1" aria-describedby="status_115f86f5c3de4a81b058e5d36fee729a_2_1">
<option value="option_115f86f5c3de4a81b058e5d36fee729a_2_1_dummy_default">Select an option</option>
<option value="Image 1"> Image 1</option>
<option value="Image 2"> Image 2</option>
<option value="Image 3"> Image 3</option>
</select>
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<span class="status unanswered" id="status_115f86f5c3de4a81b058e5d36fee729a_2_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered.">
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<p class="answer" id="answer_115f86f5c3de4a81b058e5d36fee729a_2_1"/>
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<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 2" role="group"><div class="inputtype option-input ">
<label class="problem-group-label" for="input_115f86f5c3de4a81b058e5d36fee729a_3_1" id="label_115f86f5c3de4a81b058e5d36fee729a_3_1">Which image is about the British Empire?</label>
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<option value="option_115f86f5c3de4a81b058e5d36fee729a_3_1_dummy_default">Select an option</option>
<option value="Image 1"> Image 1</option>
<option value="Image 2"> Image 2</option>
<option value="Image 3"> Image 3</option>
</select>
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<span class="status unanswered" id="status_115f86f5c3de4a81b058e5d36fee729a_3_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered.">
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<p class="answer" id="answer_115f86f5c3de4a81b058e5d36fee729a_3_1"/>
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<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 3" role="group"><div class="inputtype option-input ">
<label class="problem-group-label" for="input_115f86f5c3de4a81b058e5d36fee729a_4_1" id="label_115f86f5c3de4a81b058e5d36fee729a_4_1">Which image is about the wars of Western civilization?</label>
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<option value="option_115f86f5c3de4a81b058e5d36fee729a_4_1_dummy_default">Select an option</option>
<option value="Image 1"> Image 1</option>
<option value="Image 2"> Image 2</option>
<option value="Image 3"> Image 3</option>
</select>
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<span class="status unanswered" id="status_115f86f5c3de4a81b058e5d36fee729a_4_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered.">
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<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="e322a9c88c68494984efaa7eb245a4a1-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@problem+block@e322a9c88c68494984efaa7eb245a4a1-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Multiple Choice
</h3>
<div class="problem-progress" id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@problem+block@e322a9c88c68494984efaa7eb245a4a1-problem-progress"></div>
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<p>The placement of the dead is different in each image.</p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_e322a9c88c68494984efaa7eb245a4a1_2_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_e322a9c88c68494984efaa7eb245a4a1_2_1">
<legend id="e322a9c88c68494984efaa7eb245a4a1_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">The new imperial power (the United States) is in the:</legend>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_e322a9c88c68494984efaa7eb245a4a1_2_1" id="input_e322a9c88c68494984efaa7eb245a4a1_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="e322a9c88c68494984efaa7eb245a4a1_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_e322a9c88c68494984efaa7eb245a4a1_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_e322a9c88c68494984efaa7eb245a4a1_2_1"> foreground
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_e322a9c88c68494984efaa7eb245a4a1_2_1" id="input_e322a9c88c68494984efaa7eb245a4a1_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="e322a9c88c68494984efaa7eb245a4a1_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_e322a9c88c68494984efaa7eb245a4a1_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_e322a9c88c68494984efaa7eb245a4a1_2_1"> background
</label>
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<span id="answer_e322a9c88c68494984efaa7eb245a4a1_2_1"/>
</fieldset>
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<span class="status unanswered" id="status_e322a9c88c68494984efaa7eb245a4a1_2_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered.">
<span class="sr">unanswered</span><span class="status-icon" aria-hidden="true"/>
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<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 2" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_e322a9c88c68494984efaa7eb245a4a1_3_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_e322a9c88c68494984efaa7eb245a4a1_3_1">
<legend id="e322a9c88c68494984efaa7eb245a4a1_3_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">The old imperial power (the British Empire) is in the:</legend>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_e322a9c88c68494984efaa7eb245a4a1_3_1" id="input_e322a9c88c68494984efaa7eb245a4a1_3_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="e322a9c88c68494984efaa7eb245a4a1_3_1-choice_0-label" for="input_e322a9c88c68494984efaa7eb245a4a1_3_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_e322a9c88c68494984efaa7eb245a4a1_3_1"> foreground
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_e322a9c88c68494984efaa7eb245a4a1_3_1" id="input_e322a9c88c68494984efaa7eb245a4a1_3_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="e322a9c88c68494984efaa7eb245a4a1_3_1-choice_1-label" for="input_e322a9c88c68494984efaa7eb245a4a1_3_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_e322a9c88c68494984efaa7eb245a4a1_3_1"> background
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<span id="answer_e322a9c88c68494984efaa7eb245a4a1_3_1"/>
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Multiple Choice
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<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_20006e7d12e44575b12553f4b7062d35_2_1">
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<legend id="20006e7d12e44575b12553f4b7062d35_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Which image comments specifically on civilization being advanced through war?</legend>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_20006e7d12e44575b12553f4b7062d35_2_1" id="input_20006e7d12e44575b12553f4b7062d35_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="20006e7d12e44575b12553f4b7062d35_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_20006e7d12e44575b12553f4b7062d35_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_20006e7d12e44575b12553f4b7062d35_2_1"> Image 1
</label>
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<input type="radio" name="input_20006e7d12e44575b12553f4b7062d35_2_1" id="input_20006e7d12e44575b12553f4b7062d35_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="20006e7d12e44575b12553f4b7062d35_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_20006e7d12e44575b12553f4b7062d35_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_20006e7d12e44575b12553f4b7062d35_2_1"> Image 2
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<input type="radio" name="input_20006e7d12e44575b12553f4b7062d35_2_1" id="input_20006e7d12e44575b12553f4b7062d35_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="20006e7d12e44575b12553f4b7062d35_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_20006e7d12e44575b12553f4b7062d35_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_20006e7d12e44575b12553f4b7062d35_2_1"> Image 3
</label>
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<span id="answer_20006e7d12e44575b12553f4b7062d35_2_1"/>
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<span class="status unanswered" id="status_20006e7d12e44575b12553f4b7062d35_2_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered.">
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<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="0b207bf0f3cf4062af31174d654657d9-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@problem+block@0b207bf0f3cf4062af31174d654657d9-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Multiple Choice
</h3>
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<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_0b207bf0f3cf4062af31174d654657d9_2_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_0b207bf0f3cf4062af31174d654657d9_2_1">
<legend id="0b207bf0f3cf4062af31174d654657d9_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Which image shows a newly militarized Uncle Sam?</legend>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_0b207bf0f3cf4062af31174d654657d9_2_1" id="input_0b207bf0f3cf4062af31174d654657d9_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="0b207bf0f3cf4062af31174d654657d9_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_0b207bf0f3cf4062af31174d654657d9_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_0b207bf0f3cf4062af31174d654657d9_2_1"> Image 1
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_0b207bf0f3cf4062af31174d654657d9_2_1" id="input_0b207bf0f3cf4062af31174d654657d9_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="0b207bf0f3cf4062af31174d654657d9_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_0b207bf0f3cf4062af31174d654657d9_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_0b207bf0f3cf4062af31174d654657d9_2_1"> Image 2
</label>
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<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_0b207bf0f3cf4062af31174d654657d9_2_1" id="input_0b207bf0f3cf4062af31174d654657d9_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="0b207bf0f3cf4062af31174d654657d9_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_0b207bf0f3cf4062af31174d654657d9_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_0b207bf0f3cf4062af31174d654657d9_2_1"> Image 3
</label>
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Dropdown
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<p>Who pays the price for imperial expansion? Select the image that depicts the people described. </p>
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<label class="problem-group-label" for="input_c1ada10cbbfa417eb95c6f4a1d158103_2_1" id="label_c1ada10cbbfa417eb95c6f4a1d158103_2_1">Soldiers from many different countries that are part of the empire:</label>
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<option value="option_c1ada10cbbfa417eb95c6f4a1d158103_2_1_dummy_default">Select an option</option>
<option value="Image 1"> Image 1</option>
<option value="Image 2"> Image 2</option>
<option value="Image 3"> Image 3</option>
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<select name="input_c1ada10cbbfa417eb95c6f4a1d158103_3_1" id="input_c1ada10cbbfa417eb95c6f4a1d158103_3_1" aria-describedby="status_c1ada10cbbfa417eb95c6f4a1d158103_3_1">
<option value="option_c1ada10cbbfa417eb95c6f4a1d158103_3_1_dummy_default">Select an option</option>
<option value="Image 1"> Image 1</option>
<option value="Image 2"> Image 2</option>
<option value="Image 3"> Image 3</option>
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<label class="problem-group-label" for="input_c1ada10cbbfa417eb95c6f4a1d158103_4_1" id="label_c1ada10cbbfa417eb95c6f4a1d158103_4_1">Soldiers in all wars:</label>
<select name="input_c1ada10cbbfa417eb95c6f4a1d158103_4_1" id="input_c1ada10cbbfa417eb95c6f4a1d158103_4_1" aria-describedby="status_c1ada10cbbfa417eb95c6f4a1d158103_4_1">
<option value="option_c1ada10cbbfa417eb95c6f4a1d158103_4_1_dummy_default">Select an option</option>
<option value="Image 1"> Image 1</option>
<option value="Image 2"> Image 2</option>
<option value="Image 3"> Image 3</option>
</select>
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<label class="problem-group-label" for="input_c1ada10cbbfa417eb95c6f4a1d158103_5_1" id="label_c1ada10cbbfa417eb95c6f4a1d158103_5_1">Filipinos:</label>
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<option value="option_c1ada10cbbfa417eb95c6f4a1d158103_5_1_dummy_default">Select an option</option>
<option value="Image 1"> Image 1</option>
<option value="Image 2"> Image 2</option>
<option value="Image 3"> Image 3</option>
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data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@problem+block@537f97f557d74b00bd8427ea65b0fe43" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@problem+block@537f97f557d74b00bd8427ea65b0fe43/handler/xmodule_handler"
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<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="537f97f557d74b00bd8427ea65b0fe43-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@problem+block@537f97f557d74b00bd8427ea65b0fe43-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Multiple Choice
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<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_537f97f557d74b00bd8427ea65b0fe43_2_1">
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<legend id="537f97f557d74b00bd8427ea65b0fe43_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">What does the foregrounding of the Philippine-American War against a backdrop of other military conflicts convey?</legend>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_537f97f557d74b00bd8427ea65b0fe43_2_1" id="input_537f97f557d74b00bd8427ea65b0fe43_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="537f97f557d74b00bd8427ea65b0fe43_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_537f97f557d74b00bd8427ea65b0fe43_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_537f97f557d74b00bd8427ea65b0fe43_2_1"> It indicates that the Philippine-American War is more justified than previous outbreaks of war in European history.
</label>
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<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_537f97f557d74b00bd8427ea65b0fe43_2_1" id="input_537f97f557d74b00bd8427ea65b0fe43_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="537f97f557d74b00bd8427ea65b0fe43_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_537f97f557d74b00bd8427ea65b0fe43_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_537f97f557d74b00bd8427ea65b0fe43_2_1"> It suggests that the Philippine-American War will exact a heavy but worthwhile price.
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<input type="radio" name="input_537f97f557d74b00bd8427ea65b0fe43_2_1" id="input_537f97f557d74b00bd8427ea65b0fe43_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="537f97f557d74b00bd8427ea65b0fe43_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_537f97f557d74b00bd8427ea65b0fe43_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_537f97f557d74b00bd8427ea65b0fe43_2_1"> It contextualizes the Philippine-American War in the larger picture of violent conflicts throughout world history that have taken millions of lives.
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Checkboxes
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<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_4f6f59ddd67a44d08ee1464c0475492f_2_1">
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<legend id="4f6f59ddd67a44d08ee1464c0475492f_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Which of the following statements accurately describe the Philippine-American War? Check all that apply.</legend>
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_4f6f59ddd67a44d08ee1464c0475492f_2_1[]" id="input_4f6f59ddd67a44d08ee1464c0475492f_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_0"/><label id="4f6f59ddd67a44d08ee1464c0475492f_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_4f6f59ddd67a44d08ee1464c0475492f_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_4f6f59ddd67a44d08ee1464c0475492f_2_1"> It was one of the most violent conflicts the United States engaged in overseas.
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_4f6f59ddd67a44d08ee1464c0475492f_2_1[]" id="input_4f6f59ddd67a44d08ee1464c0475492f_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_1"/><label id="4f6f59ddd67a44d08ee1464c0475492f_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_4f6f59ddd67a44d08ee1464c0475492f_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_4f6f59ddd67a44d08ee1464c0475492f_2_1"> Americans suffered very few casualties during the course of the Philippine-American War.
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_4f6f59ddd67a44d08ee1464c0475492f_2_1[]" id="input_4f6f59ddd67a44d08ee1464c0475492f_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_2"/><label id="4f6f59ddd67a44d08ee1464c0475492f_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_4f6f59ddd67a44d08ee1464c0475492f_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_4f6f59ddd67a44d08ee1464c0475492f_2_1"> The vast majority of Americans were unaware of the conflict.
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_4f6f59ddd67a44d08ee1464c0475492f_2_1[]" id="input_4f6f59ddd67a44d08ee1464c0475492f_2_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_3"/><label id="4f6f59ddd67a44d08ee1464c0475492f_2_1-choice_3-label" for="input_4f6f59ddd67a44d08ee1464c0475492f_2_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_4f6f59ddd67a44d08ee1464c0475492f_2_1"> Many thousands of Filipino civilians were killed or displaced during the conflict.
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Visual Exercise: Pouring the Cornucopia of Blood</h2>
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<p>Carefully study the following image. Pay attention to the caption and keep in mind the other cartoons we have examined today. Then, answer the 5 questions below, which are based on the graphic.</p>
<p><img src="/assets/courseware/v1/17e861581912250436c89775223a6b7a/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/cb80-010_Simplicissimus_July3_1900_1500w.jpeg" alt="image of man in armor pouring a cornucopia of blood over the earth" type="saveimage" target="[object Object]" width="70%" style="float: left; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px;" /> <strong>“Der Traum der Kaiserin von China” (The Dream of the Empress of China).</strong><br style="line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'open sans';" /><span style="font-family: 'open sans';">Caption: “Der Europäer giesst die Segnungen seiner Kultur über den Erdball aus.” (The Europeans pour the blessings of its culture over the globe.)</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'open sans';"><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Simplicissimus, July 3, 1900. Artist: Thomas Theodor Heine. Source: The Weimar Classics Foundation. [</span><a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/gallery/pages/cb80-010_simplicissi_2d596e.htm" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration: none; color: #009fe6;">cb80-010_simplicissi_2d596e</a><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">]</span></span></p>
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Multiple Choice
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Checkboxes
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<legend id="8aece77d210548faa0f6cf5748bb5ee0_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Where does the artist show blood falling?</legend>
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Multiple Choice
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<p>You can read more about this image in the (optional) Chapter 5 Reading, which is located at the end of this day's work.</p>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Visual Exercise: Is this Imperialism?</h2>
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<p>Now, let's move on this next visual exercise, drawing on the themes we have covered throughout the module. What do you think the caption "Is this Imperialism?" means? Who are the figures represented? What are they engaged in battle for? Study the image and then, answer the questions below. Remember to pay attention to the caption of cartoon as well.</p>
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<p><em>"Is this Imperialism? 'No blow has been struck except for liberty and humanity, and none will be. ' — William McKinley." </em>Harper's Weekly, July 28, 1900. Artist: W. A. Rogers. Source: Widener Library, Harvard University. [<a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/gallery/pages/cb70-014_harpers1900_2d5970.htm">cb70-014_harpers1900_2d5970</a>]</p>
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<p>Reading just the main headline leads many of us to think that this image is decrying imperialism. But the sub-caption uses some of President McKinley's speech justifying military action as the heroic rescue of Americans from the barbaric behavior of the Boxers. </p>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Visual Exercise: Passionate Representations</h2>
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<p>For our final visual exercise of the module, begin by examining closely this series of very graphic portrayals of imperialist wars. Who are the victims? Who are the figures nonchalantly surveying the extent of their destruction? Think also about the interplay of art and politics: how does the color scheme and the symbolism heighten the message? Then, move on to the exercises and questions that follow.</p>
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<td><img href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,4)" style="cursor: pointer;" alt="a procession of robed, dark-skinned people carrying bayonets speared through bodies and heads, followed by naked dark-skinned men carrying a man smoking on a palanquin, with blood and dead bodies on the ground " src="/assets/courseware/v1/7494aa9749adcd8b04b688cb81142f99/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/cb73-246_1902_26feb_p_1b51d.jpg" /></td>
<td><img href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,6)" style="cursor: pointer;" alt="the grim reaper sitting at a guillotine in the foreground, a procession of men with their heads lowered in the background" src="/assets/courseware/v1/5a96a19e76ea7e6b91664387fea43b98/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/cb74-247_1902_26feb_p_1b524.jpg" /></td>
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<p>In society, artists often represent emotional underpinnings of political and current events. Here is an artist edition that comments on the imperial wars.</p>
<p>What stands out when you look at these images? Answer in the word cloud below. </p>
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<p>These are not illustrations of specific events, but rather they are commentary on the cumulative effects of wars. Do you feel that these artists' illustrations have value in representing emotional truth?</p>
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<span>Thank you.</span>
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<p>Without illustrations like these, the costs of war are not necessarily represented in other ways. Discuss the value of historical documents that include images like these by reading and posting in the discussion below.</p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Even though the color image is a higher quality scan, it misses a key figure in the graphic. This is Marianne, the personification of France. This is why excavating images in detail is so important when doing history. </span></p>
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<p><strong>Image Credits</strong></p>
<p><i style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">From the issue titled: "A Vision de Huge, 1802-1902." </i><span style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">L'Assiette au Beurre, Feburary 26, 1902 (No. 47). Artist: Théophile Steinlen. Source: Bibliothèque nationale de France. [</span><a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/gallery/pages/cb71-244_1902_26feb__2d59a8.htm" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; color: #009fe6;">cb71-244_1902_26feb__2d59a8</a><span style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">] [</span><a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/gallery/pages/cb72-245_1902_26feb__2d59a9.htm" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; color: #009fe6;">cb72-245_1902_26feb__2d59a9</a><span style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">] [</span><a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/gallery/pages/cb73-246_1902_26feb__2d59aa.htm" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; color: #009fe6;">cb73-246_1902_26feb__2d59aa</a><span style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">] [</span><a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/gallery/pages/cb74-247_1902_26feb__2d59ab.htm" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; color: #009fe6;">cb74-247_1902_26feb__2d59ab</a><span style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span><strong></strong></p>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Optional Reading, Ch. 5: Who is the Barbarian?</h2>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Civilization & Barbarism, Chapter 5: Who is the Barbarian?</h3>
<p></p>
<p><iframe title="CB Chapter 3: Who is the Barbarian?" src="/assets/courseware/v1/5a176303658ecae0187ec65fc41b56bd/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/CB_ch05.pdf" height="600px" width="100%" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" frameborder="0" scrolling="no">
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<p>To download the PDF, <a class="media" href="/assets/courseware/v1/5a176303658ecae0187ec65fc41b56bd/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/CB_ch05.pdf">click here</a>.</p>
<p>To read the chapter on the Visualizing Cultures website, <a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/cb_essay05.html" target="[object Object]">click here</a>. </p>
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