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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Introduction to Day 7</h2>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Today, we will be exploring the relationship between technology, communication, profits and imperialism, as well as between China and the Philippines. We will also examine cartoons that critique the hypocrisies of the American colonial project and relate overseas conquest to domestic affairs. These are all the images that we will be working with. Take a look, and move on to the videos and exercises.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline;">Warning on viewing historical images</strong>: Images from the past can be offensive to view. By showing certain images or discussing certain topics, we do not endorse the views or opinions they present, but seek to understand the past, even when it is difficult to look at in the present. This course does not reflect the views of MIT, MITx, EdX or Visualizing Cultures.</span></p>
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<h3>Image Gallery</h3>
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<p>Image Credits (from left to right, top to bottom)</p>
<p style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">"The Pigtail Has Got to Go." </em>Puck, October 19, 1898. Artist: Louis Dalrymple. <span style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Source: Beinecke Rare Books & Manuscripts, Yale University. [</span><a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/gallery/pages/cb30-021_puck_1898_o_2d7560.htm" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; color: #009fe6;">cb30-021_puck_1898_Oct19_cover_1290728_y</a><span style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></p>
<p style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">"Some One Must Back Up." </em>Judge, December 8, 1900. Artist: Victor Gallam. Source: Widener Library, Harvard University. [<a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/gallery/pages/cb27-004_1900_judge__2d6470.htm" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; color: #009fe6;">cb27-004_1900_Judge_BackUp_000016</a>]</p>
<p style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">"And, After All, the Philippines are Only the Stepping-Stone to China." </em>Judge, ca. 1900. Artist: Emil Flohri. Source: Wikimedia [<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flohri_cartoon_about_the_Philippines_as_a_bridge_to_China.jpg" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; color: #009fe6;">view</a>]. [<a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/gallery/pages/cb28-038_1900_mar21__2d597b.htm" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; color: #009fe6;">cb28-038_1900_Mar21_Judge_Philippines_wm</a>]</p>
<p style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">"The March of the Strenuous Civilization." Life, April 11, 1901. Artist: C. S. Taylor. Source: Widener Library, Harvard University. [<a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/gallery/pages/cb95-320_1901_life19_2d5999.htm" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; color: #009fe6;">cb95-320_1901_life19_2d5999</a>] [<a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/gallery/pages/cb96-320_1901_life19_2d599a.htm" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; color: #009fe6;">cb96-320_1901_life1901v1_014</a>]</p>
<p><em style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">"The Way We Get the War News. The Manila Correspondent and the McKinley Censorship."</em><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Artist: George Benjamin Luts. The Verdict, August 21, 1899. Source: Houghton Library, Harvard University. [</span><a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/gallery/pages/cb29-151_1899_aug21__2d646f.htm" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; color: #009fe6;">cb29-151_1899_Aug21_Verdict_Houghton</a><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">]</span></p>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Figure 20. “The Pigtail has Got to Go”</h2>
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<p>In this image, note the juxtaposition between the Chinese mandarin in traditional garb and queue and the feminized representation of Western civilization. Watch the video in which Professor Dower historicizes the complicated political situation China was mired in, seemingly between civilization and backwardness. Then, complete the visual exercise.</p>
<p><img href="#" tabindex="0" src="/assets/courseware/v1/913fd16ff399975cdb3cd9f97fff262f/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/cb30-021_puck_1898_Oct19_cover_1290728_y_1500w.jpeg" width="60%" style="float: left; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px; cursor: pointer;" alt="a goddess of 'civilization' holds a Chinese man by his queue and prepares to cut it with scissors" /></p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><em style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">"The Pigtail Has Got to Go." </em></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Puck, October 19, 1898. Artist: Louis Dalrymple. </span><span style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Source: Beinecke Rare Books & Manuscripts, Yale University. </span></p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video II-20: Figure 20 - “The Pigtail has Got to Go”</h3>
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<h3>Images of China</h3>
<p>These are all images depicting China. Look through them and complete the sorting exercise below. </p>
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<p style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin-top: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">Image Credits (from left to right, top to bottom)</p>
<p style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin-top: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">"Some One Must Back Up." </em><span style="font-style: normal;">Judge, December 8, 1900. Artist: Victor Gallam. Source: Widener Library, Harvard University. [</span><a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/gallery/pages/cb27-004_1900_judge__2d6470.htm" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration: none; color: #009fe6;">cb27-004_1900_Judge_BackUp_000016</a><span style="font-style: normal;">]</span></em></em></p>
<p style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin-top: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline;">"And, After All, the Philippines are Only the Stepping-Stone to China." </em><span style="font-style: normal;">Judge, ca. 1900. Artist: Emil Flohri. Source: Wikimedia [</span><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flohri_cartoon_about_the_Philippines_as_a_bridge_to_China.jpg" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration: none; color: #009fe6;">view</a><span style="font-style: normal;">]. [</span><a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/gallery/pages/cb28-038_1900_mar21__2d597b.htm" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration: none; color: #009fe6;">cb28-038_1900_Mar21_Judge_Philippines_wm</a><span style="font-style: normal;">]</span></em></p>
<p style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin-top: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-style: normal;"><em style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">"The White Man's Burden (Apologies to Kipling)</em>." Judge, April 1, 1899. Artist: Victor Gallam. Source: CGACGA - The Ohio State University Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum [<a href="https://library.osu.edu/dc/concern/generic_works/g732tk384#.VnRQOHsfuP8" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration: none; color: #009fe6;">view</a>]. [<a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/gallery/pages/cb25-141_1899_judge__2d5989.htm" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration: none; color: #009fe6;">cb25-141_1899_Judge_d_10386_osu</a>]</span></em></p>
<p style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin-top: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">"The Pigtail Has Got to Go." </em>Puck, October 19, 1898. Artist: Louis Dalrymple. <span style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Source: Beinecke Rare Books & Manuscripts, Yale University. [</span><a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/gallery/pages/cb30-021_puck_1898_o_2d7560.htm" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration: none; color: #009fe6;">cb30-021_puck_1898_Oct19_cover_1290728_y</a><span style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></p>
<p style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">"The First Duty. Civilization (to China). -- That dragon must be killed before our troubles can be adjusted. If you don't do it I shall have to."</em> Puck, August 8, 1900. Artist: Udo Keppler. Source: Library of Congress [<a href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2010651318/" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration: none; color: #009fe6;">view</a>]. [<a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/gallery/pages/cb31-105_1900_puck_a_2d6473.htm" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration: none; color: #009fe6;">cb31-105_1900_PUCK_Aug8_1stDuty_2544u_loc</a>]</span></p>
<p style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">"School Begins. Uncle Sam (to his new class in Civilization): Now, children, you've got to learn these lessons whether you want to or not! But just take a look at the class ahead of you, and remember that, in a little while, you will fell as glad to be here as they are!" </em>Puck, January 25, 1899. Artist: Louis Dalrymple. Source: Beinecke Rare Books and Manuscripts, Yale University. [<a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/gallery/pages/cb36-022_puck_1899_1_2d7569.htm" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration: none; color: #009fe6;">cb36-022_puck_1899_18980125_yale</a>]</p>
<p style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">"Japan Makes her Debut under Columbia's Auspices." Puck, August 16, 1899. Artist: Udo Keppler. Source: Library of Congress [<a href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2012647330/" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration: none; color: #009fe6;">view</a>].[<a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/gallery/pages/cb21-112_puck_1899_a_2d5982.htm" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration: none; color: #009fe6;">cb21-112_puck_1899_Aug16_JapanDebut_28532u</a>]</p>
<p style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="font-family: 'Open Sans', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">"As the Heathen See Us -- A Meeting of the Chinese Foreign Missions Society." Signs: "Contributions received here to save the foreign devils" and "Help the Heathen" </em><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Puck, November 21, 1900. Artist: John S. Pughe. Source: Library of Congress [</span><a href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2010651348/" target="[object Object]" style="font-family: 'Open Sans', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">view</a><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">]. [</span><a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/gallery/pages/cb44-017_libc_1900_25475u_c.htm" target="[object Object]" style="font-family: 'Open Sans', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">cb44-017_libc_1900_25475u_c</a><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">]</span></p>
<p style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="font-family: 'Open Sans', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">"Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian --Acts xxvi, 28." </em><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Life, April 25, 1901. Artist: William H. Walker. Source: Widener Library, Harvard University. [</span><a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/gallery/pages/cb97-321_1901_life19_2d6d45.htm" target="[object Object]" style="font-family: 'Open Sans', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">cb97-321_1901_life19_2d6d45</a><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">]</span><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></p>
<p style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><em style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">"Barbarie — Civilisation" Full caption: “It’s all a matter of perspective. When a Chinese coolie strikes a French soldier the result is a public cry of ‘Barbarity!’ But when a French soldier strikes a coolie, it’s a necessary blow for civilization.</em><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Le Cri de Paris, July 10, 1899. Artist: René Georges Hermann-Paul. [</span><a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/gallery/pages/cb54-002_1899_july10_2d6f45.htm" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration: none; color: #009fe6;">cb54-002_1899_july10_2d6f45</a><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">] </span><strong style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">SOURCE</strong></span></p>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Visual Exercise: The First Duty</h2>
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<p>Now, study this image carefully, in which the figure of civilization confronts China. Then, answer the series of questions below.</p>
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<p style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">Puck, August 8, 1900. Artist: Udo Keppler. Source: Library of Congress [<a href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2010651318/" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; color: #009fe6;">view</a>].</p>
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Multiple Choice
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<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_c067b829ee114562b5de4d22b97ee433_2_1">
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<legend id="c067b829ee114562b5de4d22b97ee433_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">What is the historical event being referenced here?</legend>
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Checkboxes
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<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_d750b068207342ae8c6774c9054356e8_2_1">
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<legend id="d750b068207342ae8c6774c9054356e8_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">What does the dragon bring? Mark all correct answers.</legend>
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<div class="field">
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Multiple Choice
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<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_4f7031bec5c54d8b9bf6448cdb4113a0_2_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_4f7031bec5c54d8b9bf6448cdb4113a0_2_1">
<legend id="4f7031bec5c54d8b9bf6448cdb4113a0_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Who is asleep?</legend>
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<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="251ffeed720c4c399a96736caa65d3f5-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@problem+block@251ffeed720c4c399a96736caa65d3f5-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Checkboxes
</h3>
<div class="problem-progress" id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@problem+block@251ffeed720c4c399a96736caa65d3f5-problem-progress"></div>
<div class="problem">
<div>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_251ffeed720c4c399a96736caa65d3f5_2_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_251ffeed720c4c399a96736caa65d3f5_2_1">
<legend id="251ffeed720c4c399a96736caa65d3f5_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">What does the figure of civilization look like? Mark all correct answers.</legend>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_251ffeed720c4c399a96736caa65d3f5_2_1[]" id="input_251ffeed720c4c399a96736caa65d3f5_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_0"/><label id="251ffeed720c4c399a96736caa65d3f5_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_251ffeed720c4c399a96736caa65d3f5_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_251ffeed720c4c399a96736caa65d3f5_2_1"> The emperor of China
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_251ffeed720c4c399a96736caa65d3f5_2_1[]" id="input_251ffeed720c4c399a96736caa65d3f5_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_1"/><label id="251ffeed720c4c399a96736caa65d3f5_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_251ffeed720c4c399a96736caa65d3f5_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_251ffeed720c4c399a96736caa65d3f5_2_1"> A warrior
</label>
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<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_251ffeed720c4c399a96736caa65d3f5_2_1[]" id="input_251ffeed720c4c399a96736caa65d3f5_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_2"/><label id="251ffeed720c4c399a96736caa65d3f5_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_251ffeed720c4c399a96736caa65d3f5_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_251ffeed720c4c399a96736caa65d3f5_2_1"> A classical goddess
</label>
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<div class="field">
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</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_251ffeed720c4c399a96736caa65d3f5_2_1[]" id="input_251ffeed720c4c399a96736caa65d3f5_2_1_choice_4" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_4"/><label id="251ffeed720c4c399a96736caa65d3f5_2_1-choice_4-label" for="input_251ffeed720c4c399a96736caa65d3f5_2_1_choice_4" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_251ffeed720c4c399a96736caa65d3f5_2_1"> Chinese
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<div class="field">
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</label>
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<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_251ffeed720c4c399a96736caa65d3f5_2_1[]" id="input_251ffeed720c4c399a96736caa65d3f5_2_1_choice_6" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_6"/><label id="251ffeed720c4c399a96736caa65d3f5_2_1-choice_6-label" for="input_251ffeed720c4c399a96736caa65d3f5_2_1_choice_6" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_251ffeed720c4c399a96736caa65d3f5_2_1"> A dragon
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<span class="status unanswered" id="status_251ffeed720c4c399a96736caa65d3f5_2_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered.">
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<span class="submit-label">Submit</span>
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<div class="submission-feedback" id="submission_feedback_251ffeed720c4c399a96736caa65d3f5">
<span class="sr">Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.</span>
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Checkboxes
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<div class="problem-progress" id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@problem+block@257ca53312af4804b428f1b1fa80e199-problem-progress"></div>
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<legend id="257ca53312af4804b428f1b1fa80e199_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Who is in control in this image? Mark all correct answers.</legend>
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_257ca53312af4804b428f1b1fa80e199_2_1[]" id="input_257ca53312af4804b428f1b1fa80e199_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_0"/><label id="257ca53312af4804b428f1b1fa80e199_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_257ca53312af4804b428f1b1fa80e199_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_257ca53312af4804b428f1b1fa80e199_2_1"> Civilization
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<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_257ca53312af4804b428f1b1fa80e199_2_1[]" id="input_257ca53312af4804b428f1b1fa80e199_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_2"/><label id="257ca53312af4804b428f1b1fa80e199_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_257ca53312af4804b428f1b1fa80e199_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_257ca53312af4804b428f1b1fa80e199_2_1"> The "Boxer" dragon
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<span class="status unanswered" id="status_257ca53312af4804b428f1b1fa80e199_2_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered.">
<span class="sr">unanswered</span><span class="status-icon" aria-hidden="true"/>
</span>
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<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 2" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_257ca53312af4804b428f1b1fa80e199_3_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_257ca53312af4804b428f1b1fa80e199_3_1">
<legend id="257ca53312af4804b428f1b1fa80e199_3_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Who is out of control in this image? Mark all correct answers.</legend>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_257ca53312af4804b428f1b1fa80e199_3_1[]" id="input_257ca53312af4804b428f1b1fa80e199_3_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_0"/><label id="257ca53312af4804b428f1b1fa80e199_3_1-choice_0-label" for="input_257ca53312af4804b428f1b1fa80e199_3_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_257ca53312af4804b428f1b1fa80e199_3_1"> Civilization
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<div class="field">
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</p>
<p>Let's return now to an image we first explored a few days ago. This time, pay attention to the different goods in Uncle Sam's truck, and the message it bears on the rear. Watch the video and then answer the question.</p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">[</span><a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/gallery/pages/cb27-004_1900_judge__2d6470.htm" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; color: #009fe6;">cb27-004_1900_Judge_BackUp_000016</a></p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video II-21: Figure 21 - “Some One Must Back Up” (2nd appearance of this graphic)</h3>
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Checkboxes
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<legend id="8aa879e59a59424cb5d79a7a6eb8a1c5_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Which of the following are objects depicted as symbols of civilization? Check all that apply.</legend>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Figure 22. “And, After All, the Philippines are only the Stepping Stone to China”</h2>
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<p>Carefully study this image from <em>Judge</em>, which offers a material rationale for the American interest in the Philippines: the proximity of the Philippines Islands to the vast potential markets in China. Pay especial attention to the labeling of Uncle Sam's goods that he carries, as well as the "WANTED" signs on the other side. Watch the video and answer the question.</p>
<p><img href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,0)" alt="An image of Uncle Sam carrying miscellaneous items, including steel, trains, sewing machines, and a book titled 'Education, Religion' while stepping on the Philippines towards China." src="/assets/courseware/v1/47381d9238b6207b3cf5cb046ee3e59b/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/cb28-038_1900_Mar21_Judge_Philippines_wm_1500w.jpeg" width="60%" style="float: left; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px; cursor: pointer;" /></p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Judge, ca. 1900. Artist: Emil Flohri. Source: Wikimedia [</span><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flohri_cartoon_about_the_Philippines_as_a_bridge_to_China.jpg" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; color: #009fe6;">view</a><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">]. </span></p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video II-22: Figure 22 - “And, After All, the Philippines are only the Stepping Stone to China”</h3>
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<legend id="5a921bfe4e6b4254a0c7e7ebdab54c88_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Why did the United States so fervently seek access to China at the turn of the 20th century?</legend>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Figure 23. “The March of the Strenuous Civilization”</h2>
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<p>Now, turn your attention to this cartoon, which unpacks the meaning of "civilization" by way of a 1899 speech by Theodore Roosevelt. What are the professions represented by the marchers of civilization? Watch the video and answer the question.</p>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Life, April 11, 1901. Artist: C. S. Taylor. Source: Widener Library, Harvard University. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">[</span><a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/gallery/pages/cb95-320_1901_life19_2d5999.htm" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; color: #009fe6;">cb95-320_1901_life19_2d5999</a><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">] [</span><a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/gallery/pages/cb96-320_1901_life19_2d599a.htm" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; color: #009fe6;">cb96-320_1901_life1901v1_014</a><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">]</span></p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video II-23: Figure 23 - “The March of the Strenuous Civilization”</h3>
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<legend id="c6132b8251de40a9b38e4be6a21f8747_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">How is the title or content of this cartoon subversive in its critique of new imperialism? Check all that apply.</legend>
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</p>
<p>Now, look at this image from the leftist publication <em>The Verdict</em>. What is happening in the cartoon? What does it suggest about the production and control of news coming from the Philippines? Watch the video, where your professors lay out the historical context for the graphic, and then move on the answering the question.</p>
<p><img href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,0)" alt="A chained 'War Correspondent' is forced to rewrite his reports under the direction of Major General Elwell Otis during the Philippine-American war in front of a portrait of businessman Marcus Hanna." src="/assets/courseware/v1/847c60e128b9814148820dcb4abf2279/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/cb29-151_1899_Aug21_Verdict_Houghton_1500w.jpeg" width="60%" style="float: left; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px; cursor: pointer;" /></p>
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<p><span style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">Artist: George Benjamin Luts. The Verdict, August 21, 1899. Source: Houghton Library, Harvard University. </span></p>
<p><span style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span><a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/gallery/pages/cb29-151_1899_aug21__2d646f.htm" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; color: #009fe6;">cb29-151_1899_Aug21_Verdict_Houghton</a><span style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span></p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video II-24: Figure 24 - “The Way We Get the War News”</h3>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Visual Exercise: Advance Agents of Civilization</h2>
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<p>Study the following image closely. Who is riding atop the rocket? Who is doing the manual labor below? Then, complete the following exercise.</p>
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<p><em style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">"The Advance Agent of Modern Civilization."</em><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Puck, January 12, 1898. Artist: Udo Keppler. Source: Library of Congress [</span><a href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2012647593/" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration: none; color: #009fe6;">view</a><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">]. [</span><a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/gallery/pages/cb40-029_1898_12janu_2d756c.htm" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration: none; color: #009fe6;">cb40-029_1898_12janu_2d756c</a><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">]</span></p>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Optional Reading, Chapter 3. Progress and Profits</h2>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Civilization & Barbarism, Chapter 3: Progress and Profits</h3>
<p></p>
<p><iframe title="CB Chapter 3: Progress and Profits" src="/assets/courseware/v1/ec79c73a39324a6720abbfb71b502a65/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/CB_ch03.pdf" height="600px" width="100%" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" frameborder="0" scrolling="no">
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<p>To download the PDF, <a class="media" href="/assets/courseware/v1/ec79c73a39324a6720abbfb71b502a65/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/CB_ch03.pdf">click here</a>.</p>
<p>To read the chapter on the Visualizing Cultures website, <a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/cb_essay03.html" target="[object Object]">click here</a>. </p>
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