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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Readings & More</h2>
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<p>We recommend choosing at least two readings that look engaging and relevant and skimming the others. We have provided annotations when necessary and indicated if we're aware that a particular organization or writer is involved in promoting competency-based education. We invite you to discuss readings in the forum below; it is not required.</p>
<ul>
<li>Barshay, Jill. 2018. "<a href="https://hechingerreport.org/documenting-maines-failure-to-implement-proficiency-based-education/" target="_blank">Documenting Maine’s Failure to Implement Proficiency-Based Education</a>." <em>The Hechinger Report</em>, Proof Points, October 22. <span style="color: #000000;">This article considers a 2018 report by EDC (Education Development Center) on the impact of CBE legislation in Maine, USA. </span></li>
<li>Digital Promise and Education Elements. Date unknown. <a href="https://digitalpromise.org/cbe_topic/" target="_blank">Competency-Based Education Toolkit</a>. Accessed January 23, 2019. This resource includes examples of how real schools have implemented many different aspects of CBE, with topics like support, staff, and schedules; curriculum and instruction; infrastructure and policy. Education Elements is pro-CBE. Explore as you see fit. </li>
<li>Maine Public. November 2017-July 2018. <a href="http://www.mainepublic.org/term/lessons-oak-hill#stream/0" target="_blank">Lessons from Oak Hill: Getting High Schoolers to Graduate in a New Era</a>. This audio series explores CBE implementation in one Maine school, highlighting both successes and challenges. </li>
<li>Schwartz, Katrina. 2014. "<a href="https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/35947/going-all-in-how-to-make-competency-based-learning-work" target="_blank">Going All In: How to Make Competency-Based Learning Work</a>." <em>Mindshift</em>, KQED, June 16. This article discusses some of the challenges educators in New Hampshire, USA were grappling with as they made a state-wide shift to CBE.</li>
<li>U.S. Department of Education. Date unknown. "<a href="https://www.ed.gov/oii-news/competency-based-learning-or-personalized-learning" target="_blank" style="font-size: 1em;">Competency-Based Education or Personalized Learning</a><span style="font-size: 1em;">." Accessed January 23, 2019. This provides a list of annotated links to state and district efforts, as well as additional resources. </span></li>
</ul>
<h3>From Our Featured Schools</h3>
<h4>Montpelier High School</h4>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B1yu-FH4rIeqWkFndmxUYVM3WlQ4dlBvMlNkTUNqM1JPNHln/view" target="_blank">Personalized and Proficiency Based Learning</a> (communication for students and families)</li>
<li><a href="https://mpslearningexpectations.weebly.com/" target="_blank">Learning Expectations Interactive Graphic</a></li>
</ul>
<h4>Crosstown High </h4>
<ul>
<li><span style="color: #ff0000;"><a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1E4C8nudVUFCHLMxnQm-qXsP7JxHNvQ0zOCvwPfTVL98/edit?usp=sharing" target="_blank">Competency Identification and Continua Development</a> </span>(created by reDesign, July 2018)</li>
<li><a href="/assets/courseware/v1/5cd54d774e85dc7b2791a4a372a0d0ec/asset-v1:MITx+0.502x+1T2019+type@asset+block/Crosstown_High_Competencies___Practitioner_Guide_2018-19.pdf" target="_blank">Crosstown High Competencies | Practitioner Guide 2018-19</a> (created by reDesign)</li>
</ul>
<h4>Noble High School</h4>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1YkaXt9KuLkKPjYmz0At7DMy9Sf_a0vRv5--VGtDb0Lc/edit" target="[object Object]">Personalized Teaching and Learning at Noble High School 2018-19</a></li>
<li><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/edit?hgd=1&id=1MWtLe2aCtxHPN7uDzvox8ZJbTcF0362CurV7Dq74uys" target="_blank">Noble 21st Century Learning Expectations</a></li>
</ul>
<h3>Research, Reports, and Papers Around CBE</h3>
<ul>
<li>Bristow, Sara Frank and Susan Patrick. 2014. <em><a href="https://www.competencyworks.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/CW-An-International-Study-in-Competency-Education-Postcards-from-Abroad-October-2014.pdf" target="_blank">An International Study in Competency Education: Postcards from Abroad, International Association for K-12 Online Learning</a></em>. CompetencyWorks. This report looks at components of CBE implemented in several education systems and schools outside of the United States. CompetencyWorks is pro-CBE. Note: The report is licensed under at Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.</li>
<li>Friday Institute for Educational Innovation and North Carolina New Schools. 2015. <em><a href="https://s3.amazonaws.com/fi-communications/CBE+concept+paper+final.pdf" target="_blank">Competency-Based Education: A Conceptual Framework</a></em>. This provides an overview of factors that enable CBE implementation.</li>
<li>Getting Smart. 2018. <em><a href="https://xqsuperschool.org/competency-based-education-cbe/part1" target="_blank">Show What You Know: A Landscape Analysis of Competency-Based Education</a></em>. XQ Institute. This report, based on interviews, school visits and literature reviews, looks at the state of CBE in the U.S. and shares recommendations for action. XQ is pro-CBE.</li>
<li>Office of Planning, Evaluation and Policy Development: <span style="font-size: 1em;">Policy and Program Studies Service. January 2017. "</span><a href="https://www.sri.com/sites/default/files/publications/to13_competency-based-advancement.pdf" target="_blank" style="font-size: 1em;">Issue Brief: Competency-Based Advancement</a><span style="font-size: 1em;">." U.S. Department of Education. This brief looks at the prevalence of competency-based advancement as a strategy to prevent students from dropping out of high school. </span></li>
<li>Torres, Aubrey Scheopner et al. 2015 <em><a href="https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED558117.pdf" target="_blank">Competency-Based Learning Definitions, Policies, and Implementation</a></em>. EDC (Education Development Center). Researchers looked at policy and legislation related to CBE in the Northeastern U.S. and interviewed school administrators to gather data about how CBE is defined, how competencies were developed, and needed supports for implementation.</li>
</ul>
<h4>Mentioned in the "Research Around CBE" page in this unit:</h4>
<ul>
<li>Haynes, Erin et al. 2016. <em><a href="https://www.air.org/resource/looking-under-hood-competency-based-education-relationship-between-competency-based" target="_blank">Looking Under the Hood of Competency-Based Education: The Relationship Between Competency-Based Education Practices and Students’ Learning Skills, Behaviors, and Dispositions</a></em>. Nellie Mae Education Foundation. The study included ten schools that had explicitly adopted CBE and eight schools that had not. </li>
<li>Pane, John F. et al. 2017. <em><a href="https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR2042.html" target="_blank">Informing Progress: Insights on Personalized Learning Implementation and Effects</a></em>. RAND Corporation. This suggests that the schools included in the study that did the most implementation of personalized learning saw more positive effects regarding student achievement. </li>
<li>Steele, Jennifer et al. 2014. <em><a href="https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR732.html" target="_blank">Competency-Based Education in Three Pilot Programs: Examining Implementation and Outcomes</a></em>. RAND Corporation. One notable finding is that the pilot schools emphasized different aspects of CBE.</li>
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