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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">0.3.1 Why Does Equity Matter?</h2>
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<p>In our Voices from the Field video, you will see what equity means to educators from our featured schools and TSL's <a href="https://teachlabpodcast.com/" target="_blank">TeachLab podcast</a>, and why working on making schools more equitable is important to them. We've included each of the educator's name, role, and affiliated school below, in order of appearance. As you go through the course, you will learn more about these educators, their schools, and the equity work they are doing. </p>
<ul>
<li>Colin Rose, Assistant Superintendent, Office of Opportunity Gaps, Boston Public Schools</li>
<li>Lillian Hsu, Founding Principal, Latitude High School </li>
<li>Sara Islas, Humanities Lead, Latitude High School</li>
<li>Geoffrey Canada, President, Harlem Children's Zone</li>
<li>Derek Jensen, PSI High Coordinator, Seminole High School</li>
<li>Neema Avashia. Civics Teacher, John W. McCormack Middle School</li>
<li>Jacob Hunter, Educator, Purdue Polytechnic High School </li>
<li>Christian Martinez, Dean of Students, Latitude High School</li>
<li>Lex Schoenberg, Design-Engineering Teacher, Latitude High School</li>
<li>Jose Vilson, Math TeacherCoach, NYC Dept. of Education; Founder, EduColor</li>
<li>Ronni Moore, Instructional Leader/College & Career Readiness Coordinator, Purdue Polytechnic High School North </li>
</ul>
<p style="font-size: 16px;">As you watch, keep the following questions in mind.</p>
<ul>
<li>Colin Rose, Assistant Superintendent in the Office of Opportunity Gaps in the Boston Public Schools, defines equity as: “having the opportunities and the resources that folks need to succeed at whatever level we're trying to get them to succeed at.” Is this how you would you define equity? How else have you heard it defined?</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>We encourage you to write your initial thoughts or questions in a journal or share with some trusted colleagues. </strong></p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Introduction to Educator Mindsets for Equity</h3>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">0.3.2 Research on Inequities in US Schools</h2>
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<p>In th<span style="color: #000000;">e previous video, Derek Jensen from PSI High notes: </span></p>
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<p><span style="color: #000000;"><em>"When we look at student achievement data, this very baseline data that all educators in all states look at, despite all of the interventions of the last 20 years, and all of the programs, and the software, and the initiatives, we still have a significant and disturbing discipline gap, we still have an academic and achievement gap, a testing gap, we have all of these data points that are still not getting much better and that in some cases are increasing in bad ways. So we have to do something different.”</em></span></p>
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<p><span style="color: #000000;">Here is some data about the disparities faci</span>ng students in the US today. The links below will connect you to articles, peer-reviewed research studies, and reports by government and non-government organizations. </p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><strong>Many US children are facing gaps in the education opportunities they have, particularly students of color and low-income students.</strong> They face disparities in <a href="https://www.usnews.com/news/education-news/articles/2019-02-26/white-students-get-more-k-12-funding-than-students-of-color-report" target="_blank">educational funding</a>, <a href="http://schottfoundation.org/sites/default/files/resources/Opportunity%20Gap%20Toolkit%20FINAL.pdf" target="_blank">teacher experience and access to higher-level academic coursework</a>, and <a href="https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/education-k-12/reports/2014/10/06/96806/the-power-of-the-pygmalion-effect/" target="_blank">teachers' expectations</a>. While having teachers and role models from similar backgrounds can <a href="https://releases.jhu.edu/2017/04/05/with-just-one-black-teacher-black-students-more-likely-to-graduate/" target="_blank">help students</a>, <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/blog/brown-center-chalkboard/2015/08/18/the-alarming-effect-of-racial-mismatch-on-teacher-expectations/" target="_blank">bias and low expectations</a> are more likely to impact students of color when there is a demographic mismatch between teacher and pupil, which is increasingly common given <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/08/27/americas-public-school-teachers-are-far-less-racially-and-ethnically-diverse-than-their-students/" target="_blank">demographic trends of teachers and students in the US</a>.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><strong>The impacts of these opportunity gaps can be seen in many areas, including:</strong> disparities in <a href="http://www.nea.org/home/20380.htm" target="_blank">standardized test scores</a>, disparities in <a href="http://blogs.edweek.org/edweek/high_school_and_beyond/2017/12/US_graduation_rate_new_all_time_high_gains_in_all_groups.html" target="_blank">graduation rates</a> for many groups (including <a href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/post_10880_b_8976972" target="_blank">students with disabilities</a> and <a href="https://www.voanews.com/student-union/low-income-students-see-low-graduation-rates" target="_blank">low-income students</a>), increased rates of school discipline for <a href="https://www.glsen.org/sites/default/files/2019-11/Educational_Exclusion_2013.pdf" target="_blank">LGBTQ students</a>, and <a href="https://www.civilrightsproject.ucla.edu/resources/projects/center-for-civil-rights-remedies/school-to-prison-folder/federal-reports/are-we-closing-the-school-discipline-gap/losen-are-we-closing-discipline-gap-2015-summary.pdf" target="_blank">dramatically higher school suspension rates for Black students than White students</a> (starting <a href="https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/early-childhood/news/2017/11/06/442280/new-data-reveal-250-preschoolers-suspended-expelled-every-day/" target="_blank">as early as preschool</a>). </p>
<p>These are examples of how structural inequalities, such as racism, classism, ableism, and homophobia play out in US schools. We hope this provides some context for why we made this course, and we hope our work together helps you consider how you might work to close some of these opportunity gaps, and build strong relationships cross-culturally in schools, classrooms, and communities. We’re excited that you’re joining us on this journey. </p>
<h4>References: </h4>
<ul>
<li>Camera, Lauren. 2019. <a href="https://www.usnews.com/news/education-news/articles/2019-02-26/white-students-get-more-k-12-funding-than-students-of-color-report" target="_blank">"White Students Get More K-12 Funding Than Students of Color: Report."</a> U.S. News and World Report. February 26. </li>
<li>National Opportunity to Learn Campaign. <a href="http://schottfoundation.org/sites/default/files/resources/Opportunity%20Gap%20Toolkit%20FINAL.pdf" target="_blank">"Closing Opportunity Gaps in Education is the Only Way to Close Achievement Gaps."</a> Schott Foundation for Public Education. </li>
<li>Boser, Ulrich, Megan Wilhelm, and Robert Hanna. 2014.<a href="https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/education-k-12/reports/2014/10/06/96806/the-power-of-the-pygmalion-effect/" target="_blank"> “The Power of the Pygmalion Effect.” </a>Center for American Progress. October 6.</li>
<li>Johns Hopkins. 2017. <a href="https://releases.jhu.edu/2017/04/05/with-just-one-black-teacher-black-students-more-likely-to-graduate/" target="_blank">“With Just One Black Teacher, Black Students More Likely to Graduate” </a></li>
<li>Gershenson, Seth. 2015. <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/blog/brown-center-chalkboard/2015/08/18/the-alarming-effect-of-racial-mismatch-on-teacher-expectations/" target="_blank">“The Alarming Effect of Racial Mismatch on Teacher Expectations.”</a> Brookings. August 18.</li>
<li> Geiger, A.W. 2018. <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/08/27/americas-public-school-teachers-are-far-less-racially-and-ethnically-diverse-than-their-students/" target="_blank">“America’s Public School Teachers are far Less Racially and Ethnically Diverse than their Students.”</a> Pew Research Center. August 27. </li>
<li>National Education Association. 2019. “<a href="http://www.nea.org/home/20380.htm" target="_blank">Students Affected by Achievement Gaps.”</a></li>
<li>Gewertz, Catherine. 2017. <a href="http://blogs.edweek.org/edweek/high_school_and_beyond/2017/12/US_graduation_rate_new_all_time_high_gains_in_all_groups.html" target="_blank">“U.S. Graduation Rate Hits New All-Time High, With Gains in All Student Groups.” </a>Education Week. December 4. </li>
<li>Grindal, Todd and Laura Schifter. 2017. <a href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/post_10880_b_8976972" target="_blank">“The Special Education Graduation Gap.”</a> HuffPost. December 6. </li>
<li>Musto, Pete. 2017. <a href="https://www.voanews.com/student-union/low-income-students-see-low-graduation-rates" target="_blank">”Low-Income Students See Low Graduation Rates.”</a> Voice of America. November 7. </li>
<li>GLSEN. 2016. <a href="https://www.glsen.org/sites/default/files/2019-11/Educational_Exclusion_2013.pdf" target="_blank">"Educational Exclusion: Drop out, Push out, and the School-to-Prison Pipeline Among LGBTQ Youth."</a> The Gay, Lesbian and Straight Education Network. </li>
<li>Losen, Daniel, Cheri Hodson, Michael A. Keith, Katrina Morrison, and Shakti Belway. 2015. <a href="https://www.civilrightsproject.ucla.edu/resources/projects/center-for-civil-rights-remedies/school-to-prison-folder/federal-reports/are-we-closing-the-school-discipline-gap/losen-are-we-closing-discipline-gap-2015-summary.pdf" target="_blank">“Are We Closing the School Discipline Gap?”</a> The Center for Civil Rights Remedies, UCLA Ed & IS. February. </li>
<li>Malik, Rasheed. 2017. <a href="https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/early-childhood/news/2017/11/06/442280/new-data-reveal-250-preschoolers-suspended-expelled-every-day/" target="_blank">"New Data Reveal 250 Preschoolers Are Suspended or Expelled Every Day."</a> Center for American Progress. November 6. </li>
</ul>
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