<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+12.340x+1T2020+type@vertical+block@c314d902b1f540ce93a0f2e6f628e3ad" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+12.340x+1T2020" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-has-score="False" data-block-type="vertical" data-runtime-version="1" data-request-token="ddd14262dbe811ef905612ab06d4b43d" data-graded="False" data-init="VerticalStudentView"> <h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Attribution</h2> <div class="vert-mod"> <div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+12.340x+1T2020+type@html+block@d651c1b1f2b045a4b61517e8e39c2df5"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+12.340x+1T2020+type@html+block@d651c1b1f2b045a4b61517e8e39c2df5" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+12.340x+1T2020" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-has-score="False" data-block-type="html" data-runtime-version="1" data-request-token="ddd14262dbe811ef905612ab06d4b43d" data-graded="False" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <h3>Credits</h3> <h4>Part I: Introduction and History of the Earth's Climate</h4> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; border-spacing: 0px; margin: 20px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; width: 598pt; color: #4c4c4c;"> <tbody style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Global temperature change figures &copy; UNSW Climate Change Research Centre.</td> </tr> <tr height="30" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt;"> <td height="30" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt; width: 598pt;">Temperature and solar luminosity vs. geologic time &copy; Nature Publishing Group. Source: Kasting J.F., Toon O.B., Pollack J.B. &ldquo;How climate evolved on the terrestrial planets." Sci. Am. 256 (1988) 90-97.</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl68" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Ice planet landscape &copy; Warwick Vincent</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Warm planet landscape &copy; Denver Museum of Nature and Science.</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Dinosaurs &copy; Peabody Museum of Natural History. Source: Zallinger, R.F. &ldquo;The Age of Reptiles."</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">65 million years of climate change. Image created by Robert A. Rohde/Global Warming Art. License CC BY NC SA.</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Ice age temperature changes. Image created by Robert A. Rohde/Global Warming Art. License CC BY NC SA.</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl65" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Temperature and CO2 time series. Wikimedia User:William M. Connolley. License: CC BY-SA 3.0, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vostok-ice-core-petit.png.</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Post-glacial sea level. Image created by Robert A. Rohde/Global Warming Art. License CC BY NC SA.</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Reconstructed temperature time series. Image created by Robert A. Rohde/Global Warming Art. License CC BY NC SA.</td> </tr> <tr height="30" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt;"> <td height="30" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt; width: 598pt;">Temperature time series from proxy records &copy; AMAP. Source: Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP). &ldquo;Arctic Climate Issues 2011: Changes in Arctic Snow, Water, Ice and Permafrost. SWIPA 2011 Overview Report." (2012) xi+97pp.</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Global mean surface temperature from the instrumental record. IPCC AR4 report (2007) &copy; IPCC, http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar4/</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Melancholic cycle diagrams &copy; Scott Rutherford.</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Atmospheric radiative transfer diagram. Image created by Robert A. Rohde/Global Warming Art. License CC BY NC SA.</td> </tr> <tr height="30" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt;"> <td height="30" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt; width: 598pt;">Elements of the greenhouse effect. Kiehl, J., and K. Trenberth, 1997: Earth&rsquo;s annual global mean energy budget. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 78, 197&ndash;206. &copy; American Meteorological Society</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Climate elements and feedbacks. IPCC AR4 report (2007) &copy; IPCC, http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar4/</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Climate feedbacks in GCMs &copy; IPCC. IPCC AR4 report (2007) &copy; IPCC, http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar4/</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Melancholic cycle variations. Image created by Robert A. Rohde/Global Warming Art. License CC BY NC SA.</td> </tr> <tr height="30" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt;"> <td height="30" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt; width: 598pt;">Ice volume vs. high latitude summer insolation &copy; AAAS. Source: Huybers, P.J. &ldquo;Early pleistocene glacial cycles and the integrated summer insolation forcing." Science 313 5786 (2006) 508-511.</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Instrumental temperature record. Image created by Robert A. Rohde/Global Warming Art. License CC BY NC SA.</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Atmospheric CO2 and carbon ux time series. Image created by Robert A. Rohde/Global Warming Art. License CC BY NC SA.</td> </tr> <tr height="30" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt;"> <td height="30" class="xl65" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt; width: 598pt;">Global anthropogenic sulfur emissions. From Smith S.J., et al. Historical Sulfur Dioxide Emissions 1850-2000: Methods and Results (2004), courtesy of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy http://www.pnl.gov/main/publications/external/technical_reports/PNNL-14537.pdf</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Recent history of volcanic eruptions. IPCC AR4 report (2007) &copy; IPCC, http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar4/</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Climate change attribution. Image created by Robert A. Rohde/Global Warming Art. License CC BY NC SA.</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Map of temperature change distribution. IPCC AR4 report (2007) &copy; IPCC, http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar4/</td> </tr> <tr height="30" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt;"> <td height="30" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt; width: 598pt;">Temperature trends with and without anthropogenic forcing &copy; American Meteorological Society. Source: Stott, P.A. et al. &ldquo;Observational constraints on past attributable warming and predictions of future global warming." J. Clim. 19 (2006) 3055-3069.</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Projected warming scenarios. IPCC AR4 report (2007) &copy; IPCC, http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar4/</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Greenland surface elevation changes. IPCC AR4 report (2007) &copy; IPCC, http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar4/</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Observed changes in European precipitation &copy; European Environmental Agency.</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Modeled changes in European precipitation &copy; European Commission Joint Research Center.</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Summer 2003 European heat wave map &copy; Munich Re.</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Parrotfish &copy; Adam Laverty.</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Seasonal variation of solar radiation &copy;Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory/Columbia University.</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Seasonal variation of solar radiation &copy;University Corporation for Atmospheric Research/COMET.</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl65" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Global monthly mean temperature animation &copy;Wikimedia User:PZmaps. License: CC BY-SA 3.0 http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MonthlyMeanT.gif</td> </tr> <tr height="30" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt;"> <td height="30" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt; width: 598pt;">January mean surface wind speed and direction. Risien C. M. and Chelton D. B. "A global climatology of surface wind and wind stress _fields from eight years of QuikSCAT scatterometer data." J. Phys. Oceanogr. 38 (2008) 2379-2413. &copy;American Meteorological Society.</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl65" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Global monthly mean temperature animation &copy;Wikimedia User:PZmaps. License: CC BY-SA 3.0 http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MonthlyMeanT.gif</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Global map, annual temperature range &copy; Pearson Education http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vostok-ice-core-petit.png.</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Vertical profile of partial pressure of ozone &copy; Malaysian Meteorological Department</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Radiation transmitted by atmosphere. By Robert A. Rohde/Global Warming Art. License CC BY NC SA.</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Atmospheric energy budget. From the IPCC AR4 report (2007) &copy; IPCC, http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar4/</td> </tr> <tr height="30" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt;"> <td height="30" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt; width: 598pt;">Global maps of radiation. Trenberth, K. E., and D. P. Stepaniak. \Seamless Poleward Atmospheric Energy Transports and Implications for the Hadley Circulation." J. Climate 16 (2003): 3706-3722. &copy; American Meteorological Society.</td> </tr> <tr height="30" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt;"> <td height="30" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt; width: 598pt;">Heat transport vs. latitude. Trenberth, K. E., and J. M. Caron. &ldquo;Estimates of meridional atmosphere and ocean heat transports." J. Climate 14 (2001) 3433-3443. &copy; American Meteorological Society.</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Latitude-time distribution of incoming solar radiation &copy; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory. http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Global map, monthly net radiation &copy; University of Oregon and University of Wyoming, http://www.uwyo.edu/jshinker/animations/global/</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl69" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Geologic time scale &copy; Geologic Society of America</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Solar luminosity vs. time &copy; American Geophysical Union.</td> </tr> <tr height="30" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt;"> <td height="30" class="xl65" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt; width: 598pt;">Rock with ripple marks. Wikimedia User:Daniel Mayer. License CC BY-SA. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ripple_marks_in_Moenkopi_Formation_rock_off_of_Capitol_Reef_Scenic_Drive.jpeg</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Atmospheric oxygen vs. time &copy; Nature Publishing Group. Source: Kump, L. R. \The rise of atmospheric oxygen." Nature 451 (2008) 277-278.</td> </tr> <tr height="30" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt;"> <td height="30" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt; width: 598pt;">Temperature time series for differing greenhouse compositions &copy; American Geophysical Union Source: Feulner, G. "The faint young Sun problem." Rev. Geophys. 50 (2012) RG2006.</td> </tr> <tr height="30" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt;"> <td height="30" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt; width: 598pt;">Empirical estimages of Archean CO2 levels. &copy; American Geophysical Union. Source: Feulner, G. "The faint young Sun problem." Rev. Geophys. 50 (2012) RG2006. problem." Rev. Geophys. 50 (2012) RG2006.</td> </tr> <tr height="30" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt;"> <td height="30" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt; width: 598pt;">Temperature and ice-line latitude vs isolation &copy; Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Source: Budyko, M. I. "The effect of solar radiation variations on the climate of the Earth." Tellus 21 (1969) 2153-3490.</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Bifurcation diagram &copy; Annual Reviews. Source: Pierrehumbert, R. T. et al. "Climate of the Neoproterozoic." Annu. Rev. Earth. Planet. Sci. 39 (2011) 417-460.</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl65" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Glacial Striations. Wikimedia User:Walter Siegmund. License CC BY-SA. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Glacial_striation_21149.JPG</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl65" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Diamictite.&nbsp; Wikimedia User:Bahudhara. License CC BY-SA. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Elatina_Fm_diamictite.JPG</td> </tr> <tr height="30" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt;"> <td height="30" class="xl65" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt; width: 598pt;">1) Older Cryogenian ('Sturtian') glacials 730-700 Ma; 2) Younger Cryogenian ('Marinoan') glacials (665-635 Ma); 3) Paleomagnetism. From "Teaching Slides: Timing and extent of Proterozoic glaciation" by Paul Hoffman/Snowball Earth, http://snowballearth.org/week1.html</td> </tr> <tr height="30" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt;"> <td height="30" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt; width: 598pt;">Atmospheric O2 and ?13C vs. geologic time &copy; Annual Reviews. Source: Pierrehumbert, R. T. et al. "Climate of the Neoproterozoic." Annu. Rev. Earth. Planet. Sci. 39 (2011) 417-460.</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Fossils &copy; Nature Publishing Group. Source: Beerling, D. J. and Royer, D. L."Convergent Cenozoic CO2 history." Nature Geosci. 4 (2011) 418-420.</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">CO2 and glaciation vs. Time. IPCC AR4 report (2007). &copy; IPCC, http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar4/</td> </tr> <tr height="30" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt;"> <td height="30" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt; width: 598pt;">Climate of the last 65 Myr &copy;&nbsp; Nature Publishing Group. Source: Zachos, J. C. et al. "An early Cenozoic perspective on greenhouse warming and carbon-cycle dynamics." Nature 451 (2008) 279-283.</td> </tr> <tr height="30" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt;"> <td height="30" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt; width: 598pt;">Temperature and CO2 over the last 65 Myr. &copy; Nature Publishing Group. Source: Beerling, D. J. and Royer, D. L."Convergent Cenozoic CO2 history." Nature Geosci. 4 (2011) 418-420.</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">PETM metrics. &copy;&nbsp; AAAS Source: Zachos, J. C. et al. "Trends, rhythms, and aberrations in global climate 65 Ma to present ." Science 292 (2001) 686-693.</td> </tr> <tr height="30" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt;"> <td height="30" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt; width: 598pt;">PETM temperature anomaly &copy;&nbsp; AAAS. Source: Zachos, J. C. et al. "A transient rise in tropical sea surface temperature during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum." Science 302(2003) 1550-1554.</td> </tr> <tr height="30" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt;"> <td height="30" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt; width: 598pt;">PETM ocean acidification. &copy;&nbsp; AAAS. Source: Zachos, J. C. et al. "Rapid acidi?cation of the ocean during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum." Science 308 (2005) 1611-1615.</td> </tr> <tr height="30" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt;"> <td height="30" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt; width: 598pt;">PETM CO2 increase estimates &copy; Annual Reviews. Source: McInerney, F. A and Wing, S L. "The Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum: A perturbation of carbon cycle, climate, andbiosphere with implications for the future." Annu. Rev. Earth. Planet. Sci. 39 (2011) 489-516.</td> </tr> <tr height="30" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt;"> <td height="30" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt; width: 598pt;">Benthic ?18O over the past 5 Myr &copy; American Geophysical Union. Source: Lisiecki, L. E. and Raymo, M. E. "A Pliocene-Pleistocene stack of 57 globally distributed benthic&nbsp; 18O records." Paleoceanography 20 (2005) PA1003.</td> </tr> <tr height="30" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt;"> <td height="30" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt; width: 598pt;">Climate change over the last 1 Myr in Antarctic ice &copy;&nbsp; AAAS. Source: Jouzel, J. et al. "Orbital and millennial Antarctic climate variability over the past 800,000 years." Science 317 (2007) 793-796.</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Glacial -interglacial cycles &copy; Thomas Stocker/RealClimate</td> </tr> <tr height="30" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt;"> <td height="30" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt; width: 598pt;">The most recent glacial-interglacial transition &copy; Nature Publishing Group. Source: Shakun, J. D. et al. "Global warming preceded by increasing carbon dioxide concentrations during the last deglaciation." Nature 484 (2012) 49-54.</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Post-glacial sea level rise. Image created by Robert A. Rohde/Global Warming Art. License CC BY NC SA.</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Insolation and glaciation. Image created by Robert A. Rohde/Global Warming Art. License CC BY NC SA.</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">?18O time series from Greenland ice&nbsp; &copy; American Geophysical Union</td> </tr> <tr height="30" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt;"> <td height="30" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt; width: 598pt;">Map of temperature records over the past 2000 years &copy; Nature Publishing Group. Source: PAGES 2k Consortium "Continental-scale temperature variability during the past two millennia." Nature Geosci. 5 (2013) 339-346.</td> </tr> <tr height="30" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt;"> <td height="30" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt; width: 598pt;">Number of temperature records over the past 2000 years &copy; Nature Publishing Group. Source: PAGES 2k Consortium "Continental-scale temperature variability during the past two millennia." Nature Geosci. 5 (2013) 339-346.</td> </tr> <tr height="30" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt;"> <td height="30" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt; width: 598pt;">Graphs of temperature records over the past 2000 years &copy; Nature Publishing Group. Source: PAGES 2k Consortium "Continental-scale temperature variability during the past two millennia." Nature Geosci. 5 (2013) 339-346.</td> </tr> <tr height="30" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt;"> <td height="30" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt; width: 598pt;">Sea level rise over the past 2000 years &copy; National Academy of Sciences Source: Kemp, A. C. et al. "Climate related sea-level variations over the past two millennia." Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108 (2011) 11017-11022.</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Global climate network temperature stations. Image created by Robert A. Rohde/Global Warming Art. License CC BY NC SA.</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Global annual average LSAT anomalies &copy; IPCC From the IPCC AR5 report (2013),&nbsp; https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Paleo temperature reconstructions of past 2000 years. Image created by Robert A. Rohde/Global Warming Art. License CC BY NC SA.</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Time series of atmospheric CO2 concentrations and rate of change &copy; IPCC From the IPCC AR5 report (2013),&nbsp; https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">CO2 concentration time series from ice cores. Image created by Robert A. Rohde/Global Warming Art. License CC BY NC SA.</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Time series of atmospheric CH4 concentrations and rate of change &copy; IPCC From the IPCC AR5 report (2013),&nbsp; https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Concentration time series from ice cores &copy; IPCC TAR report (2001), https://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/tar/</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Time series of SST and NMAT &copy; IPCC From the IPCC AR5 report (2013),&nbsp; https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Decadal temperature anomalies &copy; IPCC From the IPCC AR5 report (2013),&nbsp; https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Temperature anomaly timeseries &copy; IPCC From the IPCC AR5 report (2013),&nbsp; https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Temperature trend maps &copy; IPCC From the IPCC AR5 report (2013),&nbsp; https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Satellite temperature retrieval diagram &copy; IPCC From the IPCC AR5 report (2013),&nbsp; https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Lower stratosphere and lower troposphere temperaure time series &copy; IPCC From the IPCC AR5 report (2013),&nbsp; https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Lower stratosphere and lower troposphere temperature trend maps &copy; IPCC From the IPCC AR5 report (2013),&nbsp; https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Cold and warm day and night trends &copy; IPCC From the IPCC AR5 report (2013),&nbsp; https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Distributions of daily minimum and maximum temperatures &copy; IPCC From the IPCC AR5 report (2013),&nbsp; https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Time series of ocean heat content &copy; IPCC From the IPCC AR5 report (2013),&nbsp; https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Changes in energy content in components of the climate system &copy; IPCC From the IPCC AR5 report (2013),&nbsp; https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Satellite measurements of planetary net radiative imbalance &copy; IPCC From the IPCC AR5 report (2013),&nbsp; https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Four charts of sea level rise &copy; IPCC From the IPCC AR5 report (2013),&nbsp; https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Time series of chemical properties of sea water &copy; IPCC From the IPCC AR5 report (2013),&nbsp; https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Seasonal cycle of arctic ice extent by decade &copy; IPCC From the IPCC AR5 report (2013),&nbsp; https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Time series of arctic ice extent &copy; IPCC From the IPCC AR5 report (2013),&nbsp; https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Mountain glacier changes since 1970. Image created by Robert A. Rohde/Global Warming Art. License CC BY NC SA.</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Time series of ice mass loss &copy; IPCC From the IPCC AR5 report (2013),&nbsp; https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Observed rates of sea level increase &copy; IPCC From the IPCC AR5 report (2013),&nbsp; https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Time series of snow cover extent anomaly &copy; IPCC From the IPCC AR5 report (2013),&nbsp; https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Contribution of glaciers and ice sheets to sea level change &copy; IPCC From the IPCC AR5 report (2013),&nbsp; https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl65" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Climate history summary. Wikimedia User:Glen Fergus. License CC BY-SA. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:All_palaeotemps.png</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl65" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Albedo chart of various surfaces. Wikimedia User:Wereon. License CC BY-SA. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Albedo-e_hg.svg</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl70" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Greenhouse effect on Venus and Earth. Source: Ruddiman, W. F. (2001). Earth's climate: Past and future &copy; W. H. Freeman and Sons</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Changes in the greenhouse gases. IPCC AR4 report (2007) &copy; IPCC, http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar4/</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Table of changes in greenhouse gas concentrations. IPCC AR4 report (2007) &copy; IPCC, http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar4/</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Modern CO2 observations. Image created by Robert A. Rohde/Global Warming Art. License CC BY NC SA.</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Annual greenhouse gas emissions by sector. Image created by Robert A. Rohde/Global Warming Art. License CC BY NC SA.</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Schematic of Earth's energy balance. IPCC AR4 report (2007) &copy; IPCC, http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar4/</td> </tr> <tr height="20" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt;"> <td height="20" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 15pt; width: 598pt;">Individual contributions to radiative forcing of Earth's climate. IPCC AR4 report (2007) &copy; IPCC, http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar4/</td> </tr> <tr height="30" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt;"> <td height="30" class="xl67" width="797" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; height: 22.5pt; width: 598pt;">Cumulative energy budget for the Earth since 1950. &copy; American Geophysical Union. Source: Murphy, D. M. et al. "An observationally based energy balance for the Earth since 1950." J. Geophys. Res. 114 (2009) D17107.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div>