The Science and Business of Biotechnology

<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021" data-graded="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-request-token="a36497985deb11f081fe0e48322f5b25" data-has-score="False" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021+type@vertical+block@e488d3e327f94728b1ba59af774e36f0" data-block-type="vertical"> <h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Motivation</h2> <div class="vert-mod"> <div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021+type@video+block@ee8cfbc362c241aa864f212142dbe69d"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021" data-graded="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-request-token="a36497985deb11f081fe0e48322f5b25" data-has-score="False" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021+type@video+block@ee8cfbc362c241aa864f212142dbe69d" data-block-type="video"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "Video"} </script> <h3 class="hd hd-2">Motivation</h3> <div id="video_ee8cfbc362c241aa864f212142dbe69d" class="video closed" data-metadata='{"sources": ["https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MITx15.482x-V010600_DTH.mp4", "https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MITx15.482x-V010600/MITx15.482x-V010600.m3u8"], "end": 0.0, "transcriptTranslationUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021/xblock/block-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021+type@video+block@ee8cfbc362c241aa864f212142dbe69d/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__", "saveStateUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021/xblock/block-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021+type@video+block@ee8cfbc362c241aa864f212142dbe69d/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state", "recordedYoutubeIsAvailable": true, "poster": "https://mitx-edx-video-meta-storage.s3.amazonaws.com/media/video-images/4db91f9294b749d480fc9f054dc723df.png?x-amz-security-token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEMD%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJIMEYCIQC1aiU7naIbHbE9FIXWh%2BlB76DXw5y3or9g5gNfjZbeagIhAJk%2BbIHxvxZ%2Bo8NXRCFMhAaEXc2P2AiSU0YV5PFKbOCmKsMFCMn%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEQBBoMODU5MjA1NjM3NDExIgxts%2BFNJG9IqZ3zLVsqlwWTVI956LcmSVXAPRLtQLzKSB0Tzmsxl1TelI2b5LuBXEnQz1k%2FPq0%2Fbjdfghsk%2FDqX0GsB5YY6OOtmSKeXp8INH%2BDULUGD%2FB1IeuAs0EBpi8hcAI3PgGdidfmy9oz4P6soPdIahN9ZoGBAl7Fuo%2BJ%2FZfbz%2FBPlQc477Ov7hryh2oEO%2BLxLd%2Bxmb85vPlGjP8t7iJ%2FQXOyDcPKrmZYg%2FheYnGvgkOA3u9evwDTpSevtt%2B0zrrHhxjNFd92o6%2Ffa00iAZv%2F5PNw0HZl7zoMesTXNUl8lFpWanRkuAOPGbH4uN8hHQo6ooFeLD1QmoCWCmJzeIEYlvLVoCOU3Pz9Ky4Fk1m8I6ncgFYsEEgUtLoVFSXFKAk3rlqhY1pMnAtYVGzZXCxY7sKdsmS7bDktgiKZ5TshonEP7VnOz2QSOhsbrXsH5x3UYRvRkHXpsOG5TUuWIP4eo5bwDAJ%2F9J934lMqjvqSkvcKNh5Fm4kuut1eY6bKTRWAjXx8JaxgywduI%2F2WvCs%2FDa0W3NUwpYq1YIfOeXLfbmLLUbOA2W0aLBR92d83ssPlzAEGrH5LP9kTzIeelv2zok2lwapd%2FHsTl%2BQpICdVzIC4JocpuLDhNJU5loqKa0PREhqdH99UtMzmRJyXht%2BCkTHl5%2FF10s9sr%2FFp4UtDFRqk8nZXEK4c8pdqD1ND%2B%2F%2FgP8DM0Y77Y8iE%2FMytvfTzAv3leqKaLr5jh15Hc69SLuTe724K7Zel7wrUjU5kFdXcjhBShAcBiXTqIHckEHFVA9m1RUJjGwYbs4KpgboE8ZvJPjPrLz5nvRLBpXH27jA7l5RXPXe0e%2FsaijknxeTx3cZFG4eer1yTaXwn7EDB6qyaI2G31pJCHZdpwBc23ARub7ugwpafBwwY6sAEyVh9JkvXkoHi8EGLtEBfoXsyX7TFN%2BHAoytSTO%2FjjTes1bxGlkH7zXeGnqmqKTTdI8Sw3fuBN%2FDPqMyiK%2FqC84CjQzEedgqL%2B%2FgCtvF0VVWJMUbi0O%2ByPmwAS1sjOtCMWucmSDs00uF4DabFkHYTRqtWsAtRrya%2FSnsAxffa3570jt26bFhGNPqnX2vZvWjWUH2NVaScZ8hUv9oudUfHr61MYdPa%2FB5QVapfX6kgeuQ%3D%3D&Expires=1752193010&AWSAccessKeyId=ASIA4QDFFSURXM3BRTCL&Signature=KOxE6I43BroRqefMKDrbKTGQIkQ%3D", "generalSpeed": 1.0, "start": 0.0, "publishCompletionUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021/xblock/block-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021+type@video+block@ee8cfbc362c241aa864f212142dbe69d/handler/publish_completion", "duration": 91.41, "ytTestTimeout": 1500, "transcriptLanguages": {"en": "English"}, "completionEnabled": false, "transcriptLanguage": "en", "lmsRootURL": "https://openlearninglibrary.mit.edu", "transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021/xblock/block-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021+type@video+block@ee8cfbc362c241aa864f212142dbe69d/handler/transcript/available_translations", "completionPercentage": 0.95, "showCaptions": "true", "streams": "", "autoplay": false, "autohideHtml5": false, "ytApiUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api", "savedVideoPosition": 0.0, "speed": null, "prioritizeHls": false, "captionDataDir": null, "autoAdvance": false, "saveStateEnabled": false, "ytMetadataEndpoint": ""}' data-bumper-metadata='null' data-autoadvance-enabled="False" data-poster='null' tabindex="-1" > <div class="focus_grabber first"></div> <div class="tc-wrapper"> <div class="video-wrapper"> <span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span> <span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span> <div class="video-player-pre"></div> <div class="video-player"> <div id="ee8cfbc362c241aa864f212142dbe69d"></div> <h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4> <h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden"> Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser. </h4> </div> <div class="video-player-post"></div> <div class="closed-captions"></div> <div class="video-controls is-hidden"> <div> <div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div> <div class="secondary-controls"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="focus_grabber last"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>

<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021" data-graded="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-request-token="a36497985deb11f081fe0e48322f5b25" data-has-score="False" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021+type@vertical+block@2b48d40a9b364e71adc67eaab6fc6b19" data-block-type="vertical"> <h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Data Description</h2> <div class="vert-mod"> <div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021+type@video+block@aaeb90ec46324e99ae46a4c151c737e2"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021" data-graded="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-request-token="a36497985deb11f081fe0e48322f5b25" data-has-score="False" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021+type@video+block@aaeb90ec46324e99ae46a4c151c737e2" data-block-type="video"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "Video"} </script> <h3 class="hd hd-2">Data Description</h3> <div id="video_aaeb90ec46324e99ae46a4c151c737e2" class="video closed" data-metadata='{"sources": ["https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MITx15.482x-V010700_DTH.mp4", "https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MITx15.482x-V010700/MITx15.482x-V010700.m3u8"], "end": 0.0, "transcriptTranslationUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021/xblock/block-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021+type@video+block@aaeb90ec46324e99ae46a4c151c737e2/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__", "saveStateUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021/xblock/block-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021+type@video+block@aaeb90ec46324e99ae46a4c151c737e2/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state", "recordedYoutubeIsAvailable": true, "poster": "https://mitx-edx-video-meta-storage.s3.amazonaws.com/media/video-images/856fe96a84c740758508da586267015c.png?x-amz-security-token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEMD%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJIMEYCIQC1aiU7naIbHbE9FIXWh%2BlB76DXw5y3or9g5gNfjZbeagIhAJk%2BbIHxvxZ%2Bo8NXRCFMhAaEXc2P2AiSU0YV5PFKbOCmKsMFCMn%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEQBBoMODU5MjA1NjM3NDExIgxts%2BFNJG9IqZ3zLVsqlwWTVI956LcmSVXAPRLtQLzKSB0Tzmsxl1TelI2b5LuBXEnQz1k%2FPq0%2Fbjdfghsk%2FDqX0GsB5YY6OOtmSKeXp8INH%2BDULUGD%2FB1IeuAs0EBpi8hcAI3PgGdidfmy9oz4P6soPdIahN9ZoGBAl7Fuo%2BJ%2FZfbz%2FBPlQc477Ov7hryh2oEO%2BLxLd%2Bxmb85vPlGjP8t7iJ%2FQXOyDcPKrmZYg%2FheYnGvgkOA3u9evwDTpSevtt%2B0zrrHhxjNFd92o6%2Ffa00iAZv%2F5PNw0HZl7zoMesTXNUl8lFpWanRkuAOPGbH4uN8hHQo6ooFeLD1QmoCWCmJzeIEYlvLVoCOU3Pz9Ky4Fk1m8I6ncgFYsEEgUtLoVFSXFKAk3rlqhY1pMnAtYVGzZXCxY7sKdsmS7bDktgiKZ5TshonEP7VnOz2QSOhsbrXsH5x3UYRvRkHXpsOG5TUuWIP4eo5bwDAJ%2F9J934lMqjvqSkvcKNh5Fm4kuut1eY6bKTRWAjXx8JaxgywduI%2F2WvCs%2FDa0W3NUwpYq1YIfOeXLfbmLLUbOA2W0aLBR92d83ssPlzAEGrH5LP9kTzIeelv2zok2lwapd%2FHsTl%2BQpICdVzIC4JocpuLDhNJU5loqKa0PREhqdH99UtMzmRJyXht%2BCkTHl5%2FF10s9sr%2FFp4UtDFRqk8nZXEK4c8pdqD1ND%2B%2F%2FgP8DM0Y77Y8iE%2FMytvfTzAv3leqKaLr5jh15Hc69SLuTe724K7Zel7wrUjU5kFdXcjhBShAcBiXTqIHckEHFVA9m1RUJjGwYbs4KpgboE8ZvJPjPrLz5nvRLBpXH27jA7l5RXPXe0e%2FsaijknxeTx3cZFG4eer1yTaXwn7EDB6qyaI2G31pJCHZdpwBc23ARub7ugwpafBwwY6sAEyVh9JkvXkoHi8EGLtEBfoXsyX7TFN%2BHAoytSTO%2FjjTes1bxGlkH7zXeGnqmqKTTdI8Sw3fuBN%2FDPqMyiK%2FqC84CjQzEedgqL%2B%2FgCtvF0VVWJMUbi0O%2ByPmwAS1sjOtCMWucmSDs00uF4DabFkHYTRqtWsAtRrya%2FSnsAxffa3570jt26bFhGNPqnX2vZvWjWUH2NVaScZ8hUv9oudUfHr61MYdPa%2FB5QVapfX6kgeuQ%3D%3D&Expires=1752193010&AWSAccessKeyId=ASIA4QDFFSURXM3BRTCL&Signature=m7%2F9j8Qv3%2FmxFWfCYDmsfKjkwB0%3D", "generalSpeed": 1.0, "start": 0.0, "publishCompletionUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021/xblock/block-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021+type@video+block@aaeb90ec46324e99ae46a4c151c737e2/handler/publish_completion", "duration": 202.13, "ytTestTimeout": 1500, "transcriptLanguages": {"en": "English"}, "completionEnabled": false, "transcriptLanguage": "en", "lmsRootURL": "https://openlearninglibrary.mit.edu", "transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021/xblock/block-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021+type@video+block@aaeb90ec46324e99ae46a4c151c737e2/handler/transcript/available_translations", "completionPercentage": 0.95, "showCaptions": "true", "streams": "", "autoplay": false, "autohideHtml5": false, "ytApiUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api", "savedVideoPosition": 0.0, "speed": null, "prioritizeHls": false, "captionDataDir": null, "autoAdvance": false, "saveStateEnabled": false, "ytMetadataEndpoint": ""}' data-bumper-metadata='null' data-autoadvance-enabled="False" data-poster='null' tabindex="-1" > <div class="focus_grabber first"></div> <div class="tc-wrapper"> <div class="video-wrapper"> <span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span> <span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span> <div class="video-player-pre"></div> <div class="video-player"> <div id="aaeb90ec46324e99ae46a4c151c737e2"></div> <h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4> <h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden"> Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser. </h4> </div> <div class="video-player-post"></div> <div class="closed-captions"></div> <div class="video-controls is-hidden"> <div> <div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div> <div class="secondary-controls"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="focus_grabber last"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>

<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021" data-graded="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-request-token="a36497985deb11f081fe0e48322f5b25" data-has-score="False" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021+type@vertical+block@3cfc1537d93645b99140d4c35684054d" data-block-type="vertical"> <h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Exercise: Data Description</h2> <div class="vert-mod"> <div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021+type@problem+block@74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021" data-graded="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-request-token="a36497985deb11f081fe0e48322f5b25" data-has-score="True" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021+type@problem+block@74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f" data-block-type="problem"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "Problem"} </script> <div id="problem_74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f" class="problems-wrapper" role="group" aria-labelledby="74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f-problem-title" data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021+type@problem+block@74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021/xblock/block-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021+type@problem+block@74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f/handler/xmodule_handler" data-problem-score="0" data-problem-total-possible="5" data-attempts-used="0" data-content=" <h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021+type@problem+block@74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f-problem-progress" tabindex="-1"> Exercise: Data Description </h3> <div class="problem-progress" id="block-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021+type@problem+block@74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f-problem-progress"></div> <div class="problem"> <div> <p>Suppose we have the following dataset for drug development paths and successful phase transitions:</p> <center> <div class="figure"> <img src="/assets/courseware/v1/5374982b96ba652a8fc7b0e2083e7721/asset-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021+type@asset+block/clinical_success_rates_figure.png" width="80%"/> </div> </center> <p>Assume we use success rates to estimate probabilities of success.</p> <ol> <li>What is the probability of transitioning from phase 1 to approval? (<i class="it">Note</i>: Your answer should be a number is percentage form. Do not enter '%'.) <p><div class="inline" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div id="inputtype_74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f_2_1" class=" capa_inputtype inline textline"> <div class="unanswered inline"> <input type="text" name="input_74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f_2_1" id="input_74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f_2_1" aria-describedby="status_74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f_2_1" value=""/> <span class="trailing_text" id="trailing_text_74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f_2_1"/> <span class="status unanswered" id="status_74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f_2_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered."> <span class="sr">unanswered</span><span class="status-icon" aria-hidden="true"/> </span> <p id="answer_74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f_2_1" class="answer"/> </div> </div></div><p style="display:inline">%</p></p> </li> <li>Assuming we do not impute a phase 2 trial for Drug Development path 001, what is the probability of transitioning successfully out of: (<i class="it">Note</i>: Your answers should be numbers is percentage form. Do not enter '%'.) <ul><li>phase 1? <p><div class="inline" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 2" role="group"><div id="inputtype_74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f_3_1" class=" capa_inputtype inline textline"> <div class="unanswered inline"> <input type="text" name="input_74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f_3_1" id="input_74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f_3_1" aria-describedby="status_74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f_3_1" value=""/> <span class="trailing_text" id="trailing_text_74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f_3_1"/> <span class="status unanswered" id="status_74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f_3_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered."> <span class="sr">unanswered</span><span class="status-icon" aria-hidden="true"/> </span> <p id="answer_74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f_3_1" class="answer"/> </div> </div></div><p style="display:inline">%</p></p> </li><li>phase 2? <p><div class="inline" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 3" role="group"><div id="inputtype_74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f_4_1" class=" capa_inputtype inline textline"> <div class="unanswered inline"> <input type="text" name="input_74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f_4_1" id="input_74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f_4_1" aria-describedby="status_74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f_4_1" value=""/> <span class="trailing_text" id="trailing_text_74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f_4_1"/> <span class="status unanswered" id="status_74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f_4_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered."> <span class="sr">unanswered</span><span class="status-icon" aria-hidden="true"/> </span> <p id="answer_74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f_4_1" class="answer"/> </div> </div></div><p style="display:inline">%</p></p> </li><li>phase 3? <p><div class="inline" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 4" role="group"><div id="inputtype_74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f_5_1" class=" capa_inputtype inline textline"> <div class="unanswered inline"> <input type="text" name="input_74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f_5_1" id="input_74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f_5_1" aria-describedby="status_74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f_5_1" value=""/> <span class="trailing_text" id="trailing_text_74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f_5_1"/> <span class="status unanswered" id="status_74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f_5_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered."> <span class="sr">unanswered</span><span class="status-icon" aria-hidden="true"/> </span> <p id="answer_74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f_5_1" class="answer"/> </div> </div></div><p style="display:inline">%</p></p> </li></ul> </li> <li>If we naively multiply the phase transition probabilities from the previous question together, then what is our estimate of the probability of transitioning from phase 1 to approval? (<i class="it">Note</i>: Your answer should be a number is percentage form. Do not enter '%'.) <p><div class="inline" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 5" role="group"><div id="inputtype_74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f_6_1" class=" capa_inputtype inline textline"> <div class="unanswered inline"> <input type="text" name="input_74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f_6_1" id="input_74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f_6_1" aria-describedby="status_74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f_6_1" value=""/> <span class="trailing_text" id="trailing_text_74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f_6_1"/> <span class="status unanswered" id="status_74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f_6_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered."> <span class="sr">unanswered</span><span class="status-icon" aria-hidden="true"/> </span> <p id="answer_74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f_6_1" class="answer"/> </div> </div></div><p style="display:inline">%</p></p> </li> </ol> <div class="solution-span"> <span id="solution_74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f_solution_1"/> </div></div> <div class="action"> <input type="hidden" name="problem_id" value="Exercise: Data Description" /> <div class="submit-attempt-container"> <button type="button" class="submit btn-brand" data-submitting="Submitting" data-value="Submit" data-should-enable-submit-button="True" aria-describedby="submission_feedback_74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f" > <span class="submit-label">Submit</span> </button> <div class="submission-feedback" id="submission_feedback_74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f"> <span class="sr">Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.</span> </div> </div> <div class="problem-action-buttons-wrapper"> <span class="problem-action-button-wrapper"> <button type="button" class="show problem-action-btn btn-default btn-small" aria-describedby="74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f-problem-title"><span class="icon fa fa-info-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="show-label">Show Answer</span></button> </span> </div> </div> <div class="notification warning notification-gentle-alert is-hidden" tabindex="-1"> <span class="icon fa fa-exclamation-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f-problem-title"> </span> <div class="notification-btn-wrapper"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button> </div> </div> <div class="notification warning notification-save is-hidden" tabindex="-1"> <span class="icon fa fa-save" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f-problem-title">None </span> <div class="notification-btn-wrapper"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button> </div> </div> <div class="notification general notification-show-answer is-hidden" tabindex="-1"> <span class="icon fa fa-info-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="74b4966d901d43b0b5ccbe988c17082f-problem-title">Answers are displayed within the problem </span> <div class="notification-btn-wrapper"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button> </div> </div> </div> " data-graded="False"> <p class="loading-spinner"> <i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-2x fa-fw"></i> <span class="sr">Loading…</span> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>

<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021" data-graded="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-request-token="a36497985deb11f081fe0e48322f5b25" data-has-score="False" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021+type@vertical+block@99cb6b0ae9494c0d991c58114c243274" data-block-type="vertical"> <h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Overview of the Results</h2> <div class="vert-mod"> <div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021+type@video+block@cd4e59ff0b6747b2894eb46d40127d39"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021" data-graded="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-request-token="a36497985deb11f081fe0e48322f5b25" data-has-score="False" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021+type@video+block@cd4e59ff0b6747b2894eb46d40127d39" data-block-type="video"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "Video"} </script> <h3 class="hd hd-2">Overview of the Results</h3> <div id="video_cd4e59ff0b6747b2894eb46d40127d39" class="video closed" data-metadata='{"sources": ["https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MITx15.482x-V011400_DTH.mp4", "https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MITx15.482x-V011400/MITx15.482x-V011400.m3u8"], "end": 0.0, "transcriptTranslationUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021/xblock/block-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021+type@video+block@cd4e59ff0b6747b2894eb46d40127d39/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__", "saveStateUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021/xblock/block-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021+type@video+block@cd4e59ff0b6747b2894eb46d40127d39/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state", "recordedYoutubeIsAvailable": true, "poster": "https://mitx-edx-video-meta-storage.s3.amazonaws.com/media/video-images/084fda8666ff4fee90548b3da3d4f940.png?x-amz-security-token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEMD%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJIMEYCIQC1aiU7naIbHbE9FIXWh%2BlB76DXw5y3or9g5gNfjZbeagIhAJk%2BbIHxvxZ%2Bo8NXRCFMhAaEXc2P2AiSU0YV5PFKbOCmKsMFCMn%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEQBBoMODU5MjA1NjM3NDExIgxts%2BFNJG9IqZ3zLVsqlwWTVI956LcmSVXAPRLtQLzKSB0Tzmsxl1TelI2b5LuBXEnQz1k%2FPq0%2Fbjdfghsk%2FDqX0GsB5YY6OOtmSKeXp8INH%2BDULUGD%2FB1IeuAs0EBpi8hcAI3PgGdidfmy9oz4P6soPdIahN9ZoGBAl7Fuo%2BJ%2FZfbz%2FBPlQc477Ov7hryh2oEO%2BLxLd%2Bxmb85vPlGjP8t7iJ%2FQXOyDcPKrmZYg%2FheYnGvgkOA3u9evwDTpSevtt%2B0zrrHhxjNFd92o6%2Ffa00iAZv%2F5PNw0HZl7zoMesTXNUl8lFpWanRkuAOPGbH4uN8hHQo6ooFeLD1QmoCWCmJzeIEYlvLVoCOU3Pz9Ky4Fk1m8I6ncgFYsEEgUtLoVFSXFKAk3rlqhY1pMnAtYVGzZXCxY7sKdsmS7bDktgiKZ5TshonEP7VnOz2QSOhsbrXsH5x3UYRvRkHXpsOG5TUuWIP4eo5bwDAJ%2F9J934lMqjvqSkvcKNh5Fm4kuut1eY6bKTRWAjXx8JaxgywduI%2F2WvCs%2FDa0W3NUwpYq1YIfOeXLfbmLLUbOA2W0aLBR92d83ssPlzAEGrH5LP9kTzIeelv2zok2lwapd%2FHsTl%2BQpICdVzIC4JocpuLDhNJU5loqKa0PREhqdH99UtMzmRJyXht%2BCkTHl5%2FF10s9sr%2FFp4UtDFRqk8nZXEK4c8pdqD1ND%2B%2F%2FgP8DM0Y77Y8iE%2FMytvfTzAv3leqKaLr5jh15Hc69SLuTe724K7Zel7wrUjU5kFdXcjhBShAcBiXTqIHckEHFVA9m1RUJjGwYbs4KpgboE8ZvJPjPrLz5nvRLBpXH27jA7l5RXPXe0e%2FsaijknxeTx3cZFG4eer1yTaXwn7EDB6qyaI2G31pJCHZdpwBc23ARub7ugwpafBwwY6sAEyVh9JkvXkoHi8EGLtEBfoXsyX7TFN%2BHAoytSTO%2FjjTes1bxGlkH7zXeGnqmqKTTdI8Sw3fuBN%2FDPqMyiK%2FqC84CjQzEedgqL%2B%2FgCtvF0VVWJMUbi0O%2ByPmwAS1sjOtCMWucmSDs00uF4DabFkHYTRqtWsAtRrya%2FSnsAxffa3570jt26bFhGNPqnX2vZvWjWUH2NVaScZ8hUv9oudUfHr61MYdPa%2FB5QVapfX6kgeuQ%3D%3D&Expires=1752193010&AWSAccessKeyId=ASIA4QDFFSURXM3BRTCL&Signature=97KccsfO9hY%2BzL0P6CDpFarayzE%3D", "generalSpeed": 1.0, "start": 0.0, "publishCompletionUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021/xblock/block-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021+type@video+block@cd4e59ff0b6747b2894eb46d40127d39/handler/publish_completion", "duration": 272.58, "ytTestTimeout": 1500, "transcriptLanguages": {"en": "English"}, "completionEnabled": false, "transcriptLanguage": "en", "lmsRootURL": "https://openlearninglibrary.mit.edu", "transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021/xblock/block-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021+type@video+block@cd4e59ff0b6747b2894eb46d40127d39/handler/transcript/available_translations", "completionPercentage": 0.95, "showCaptions": "true", "streams": "", "autoplay": false, "autohideHtml5": false, "ytApiUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api", "savedVideoPosition": 0.0, "speed": null, "prioritizeHls": false, "captionDataDir": null, "autoAdvance": false, "saveStateEnabled": false, "ytMetadataEndpoint": ""}' data-bumper-metadata='null' data-autoadvance-enabled="False" data-poster='null' tabindex="-1" > <div class="focus_grabber first"></div> <div class="tc-wrapper"> <div class="video-wrapper"> <span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span> <span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span> <div class="video-player-pre"></div> <div class="video-player"> <div id="cd4e59ff0b6747b2894eb46d40127d39"></div> <h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4> <h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden"> Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser. </h4> </div> <div class="video-player-post"></div> <div class="closed-captions"></div> <div class="video-controls is-hidden"> <div> <div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div> <div class="secondary-controls"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="focus_grabber last"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>

<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021" data-graded="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-request-token="a36497985deb11f081fe0e48322f5b25" data-has-score="False" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021+type@vertical+block@5fbdc05e8d73435ea34ce843660eda9b" data-block-type="vertical"> <h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Clinical Trial Success Rates</h2> <div class="vert-mod"> <div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021+type@video+block@c7a30f617d2a4f81a173ce70e50c888c"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021" data-graded="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-request-token="a36497985deb11f081fe0e48322f5b25" data-has-score="False" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021+type@video+block@c7a30f617d2a4f81a173ce70e50c888c" data-block-type="video"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "Video"} </script> <h3 class="hd hd-2">Clinical Trial Success Rates</h3> <div id="video_c7a30f617d2a4f81a173ce70e50c888c" class="video closed" data-metadata='{"sources": ["https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MITx15.482x-V011200/MITx15.482x-V011200.m3u8", "https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MITx15.482x-V011200_DTH.mp4"], "end": 0.0, "transcriptTranslationUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021/xblock/block-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021+type@video+block@c7a30f617d2a4f81a173ce70e50c888c/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__", "saveStateUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021/xblock/block-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021+type@video+block@c7a30f617d2a4f81a173ce70e50c888c/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state", "recordedYoutubeIsAvailable": true, "poster": "https://mitx-edx-video-meta-storage.s3.amazonaws.com/media/video-images/6b4848c5285544fca45fe8a26a8435a8.png?x-amz-security-token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEMD%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJIMEYCIQC1aiU7naIbHbE9FIXWh%2BlB76DXw5y3or9g5gNfjZbeagIhAJk%2BbIHxvxZ%2Bo8NXRCFMhAaEXc2P2AiSU0YV5PFKbOCmKsMFCMn%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEQBBoMODU5MjA1NjM3NDExIgxts%2BFNJG9IqZ3zLVsqlwWTVI956LcmSVXAPRLtQLzKSB0Tzmsxl1TelI2b5LuBXEnQz1k%2FPq0%2Fbjdfghsk%2FDqX0GsB5YY6OOtmSKeXp8INH%2BDULUGD%2FB1IeuAs0EBpi8hcAI3PgGdidfmy9oz4P6soPdIahN9ZoGBAl7Fuo%2BJ%2FZfbz%2FBPlQc477Ov7hryh2oEO%2BLxLd%2Bxmb85vPlGjP8t7iJ%2FQXOyDcPKrmZYg%2FheYnGvgkOA3u9evwDTpSevtt%2B0zrrHhxjNFd92o6%2Ffa00iAZv%2F5PNw0HZl7zoMesTXNUl8lFpWanRkuAOPGbH4uN8hHQo6ooFeLD1QmoCWCmJzeIEYlvLVoCOU3Pz9Ky4Fk1m8I6ncgFYsEEgUtLoVFSXFKAk3rlqhY1pMnAtYVGzZXCxY7sKdsmS7bDktgiKZ5TshonEP7VnOz2QSOhsbrXsH5x3UYRvRkHXpsOG5TUuWIP4eo5bwDAJ%2F9J934lMqjvqSkvcKNh5Fm4kuut1eY6bKTRWAjXx8JaxgywduI%2F2WvCs%2FDa0W3NUwpYq1YIfOeXLfbmLLUbOA2W0aLBR92d83ssPlzAEGrH5LP9kTzIeelv2zok2lwapd%2FHsTl%2BQpICdVzIC4JocpuLDhNJU5loqKa0PREhqdH99UtMzmRJyXht%2BCkTHl5%2FF10s9sr%2FFp4UtDFRqk8nZXEK4c8pdqD1ND%2B%2F%2FgP8DM0Y77Y8iE%2FMytvfTzAv3leqKaLr5jh15Hc69SLuTe724K7Zel7wrUjU5kFdXcjhBShAcBiXTqIHckEHFVA9m1RUJjGwYbs4KpgboE8ZvJPjPrLz5nvRLBpXH27jA7l5RXPXe0e%2FsaijknxeTx3cZFG4eer1yTaXwn7EDB6qyaI2G31pJCHZdpwBc23ARub7ugwpafBwwY6sAEyVh9JkvXkoHi8EGLtEBfoXsyX7TFN%2BHAoytSTO%2FjjTes1bxGlkH7zXeGnqmqKTTdI8Sw3fuBN%2FDPqMyiK%2FqC84CjQzEedgqL%2B%2FgCtvF0VVWJMUbi0O%2ByPmwAS1sjOtCMWucmSDs00uF4DabFkHYTRqtWsAtRrya%2FSnsAxffa3570jt26bFhGNPqnX2vZvWjWUH2NVaScZ8hUv9oudUfHr61MYdPa%2FB5QVapfX6kgeuQ%3D%3D&Expires=1752193010&AWSAccessKeyId=ASIA4QDFFSURXM3BRTCL&Signature=KUKQwGE8pbIoPJknMvUACSBI%2Fi4%3D", "generalSpeed": 1.0, "start": 0.0, "publishCompletionUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021/xblock/block-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021+type@video+block@c7a30f617d2a4f81a173ce70e50c888c/handler/publish_completion", "duration": 207.0, "ytTestTimeout": 1500, "transcriptLanguages": {"en": "English"}, "completionEnabled": false, "transcriptLanguage": "en", "lmsRootURL": "https://openlearninglibrary.mit.edu", "transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021/xblock/block-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021+type@video+block@c7a30f617d2a4f81a173ce70e50c888c/handler/transcript/available_translations", "completionPercentage": 0.95, "showCaptions": "true", "streams": "", "autoplay": false, "autohideHtml5": false, "ytApiUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api", "savedVideoPosition": 0.0, "speed": null, "prioritizeHls": false, "captionDataDir": null, "autoAdvance": false, "saveStateEnabled": false, "ytMetadataEndpoint": ""}' data-bumper-metadata='null' data-autoadvance-enabled="False" data-poster='null' tabindex="-1" > <div class="focus_grabber first"></div> <div class="tc-wrapper"> <div class="video-wrapper"> <span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span> <span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span> <div class="video-player-pre"></div> <div class="video-player"> <div id="c7a30f617d2a4f81a173ce70e50c888c"></div> <h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4> <h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden"> Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser. </h4> </div> <div class="video-player-post"></div> <div class="closed-captions"></div> <div class="video-controls is-hidden"> <div> <div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div> <div class="secondary-controls"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="focus_grabber last"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>

<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021" data-graded="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-request-token="a36497985deb11f081fe0e48322f5b25" data-has-score="False" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021+type@vertical+block@39710eee75704811b8e15de63c4855a7" data-block-type="vertical"> <h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">The Case of Orphan Drugs</h2> <div class="vert-mod"> <div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021+type@video+block@ea70724686a14474aaee8bd3d42a79f4"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021" data-graded="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-request-token="a36497985deb11f081fe0e48322f5b25" data-has-score="False" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021+type@video+block@ea70724686a14474aaee8bd3d42a79f4" data-block-type="video"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "Video"} </script> <h3 class="hd hd-2">The Case of Orphan Drugs</h3> <div id="video_ea70724686a14474aaee8bd3d42a79f4" class="video closed" data-metadata='{"sources": ["https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MITx15.482x-V010400_DTH.mp4", "https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MITx15.482x-V010400/MITx15.482x-V010400.m3u8"], "end": 0.0, "transcriptTranslationUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021/xblock/block-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021+type@video+block@ea70724686a14474aaee8bd3d42a79f4/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__", "saveStateUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021/xblock/block-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021+type@video+block@ea70724686a14474aaee8bd3d42a79f4/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state", "recordedYoutubeIsAvailable": true, "poster": "https://mitx-edx-video-meta-storage.s3.amazonaws.com/media/video-images/4215e0852e234b30a2ecd0187ecba243.png?x-amz-security-token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEMD%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJIMEYCIQC1aiU7naIbHbE9FIXWh%2BlB76DXw5y3or9g5gNfjZbeagIhAJk%2BbIHxvxZ%2Bo8NXRCFMhAaEXc2P2AiSU0YV5PFKbOCmKsMFCMn%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEQBBoMODU5MjA1NjM3NDExIgxts%2BFNJG9IqZ3zLVsqlwWTVI956LcmSVXAPRLtQLzKSB0Tzmsxl1TelI2b5LuBXEnQz1k%2FPq0%2Fbjdfghsk%2FDqX0GsB5YY6OOtmSKeXp8INH%2BDULUGD%2FB1IeuAs0EBpi8hcAI3PgGdidfmy9oz4P6soPdIahN9ZoGBAl7Fuo%2BJ%2FZfbz%2FBPlQc477Ov7hryh2oEO%2BLxLd%2Bxmb85vPlGjP8t7iJ%2FQXOyDcPKrmZYg%2FheYnGvgkOA3u9evwDTpSevtt%2B0zrrHhxjNFd92o6%2Ffa00iAZv%2F5PNw0HZl7zoMesTXNUl8lFpWanRkuAOPGbH4uN8hHQo6ooFeLD1QmoCWCmJzeIEYlvLVoCOU3Pz9Ky4Fk1m8I6ncgFYsEEgUtLoVFSXFKAk3rlqhY1pMnAtYVGzZXCxY7sKdsmS7bDktgiKZ5TshonEP7VnOz2QSOhsbrXsH5x3UYRvRkHXpsOG5TUuWIP4eo5bwDAJ%2F9J934lMqjvqSkvcKNh5Fm4kuut1eY6bKTRWAjXx8JaxgywduI%2F2WvCs%2FDa0W3NUwpYq1YIfOeXLfbmLLUbOA2W0aLBR92d83ssPlzAEGrH5LP9kTzIeelv2zok2lwapd%2FHsTl%2BQpICdVzIC4JocpuLDhNJU5loqKa0PREhqdH99UtMzmRJyXht%2BCkTHl5%2FF10s9sr%2FFp4UtDFRqk8nZXEK4c8pdqD1ND%2B%2F%2FgP8DM0Y77Y8iE%2FMytvfTzAv3leqKaLr5jh15Hc69SLuTe724K7Zel7wrUjU5kFdXcjhBShAcBiXTqIHckEHFVA9m1RUJjGwYbs4KpgboE8ZvJPjPrLz5nvRLBpXH27jA7l5RXPXe0e%2FsaijknxeTx3cZFG4eer1yTaXwn7EDB6qyaI2G31pJCHZdpwBc23ARub7ugwpafBwwY6sAEyVh9JkvXkoHi8EGLtEBfoXsyX7TFN%2BHAoytSTO%2FjjTes1bxGlkH7zXeGnqmqKTTdI8Sw3fuBN%2FDPqMyiK%2FqC84CjQzEedgqL%2B%2FgCtvF0VVWJMUbi0O%2ByPmwAS1sjOtCMWucmSDs00uF4DabFkHYTRqtWsAtRrya%2FSnsAxffa3570jt26bFhGNPqnX2vZvWjWUH2NVaScZ8hUv9oudUfHr61MYdPa%2FB5QVapfX6kgeuQ%3D%3D&Expires=1752193011&AWSAccessKeyId=ASIA4QDFFSURXM3BRTCL&Signature=drBdY6M0GrZOhJW7froaLMLEgFg%3D", "generalSpeed": 1.0, "start": 0.0, "publishCompletionUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021/xblock/block-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021+type@video+block@ea70724686a14474aaee8bd3d42a79f4/handler/publish_completion", "duration": 224.88, "ytTestTimeout": 1500, "transcriptLanguages": {"en": "English"}, "completionEnabled": false, "transcriptLanguage": "en", "lmsRootURL": "https://openlearninglibrary.mit.edu", "transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021/xblock/block-v1:MITx+15.480x+3T2021+type@video+block@ea70724686a14474aaee8bd3d42a79f4/handler/transcript/available_translations", "completionPercentage": 0.95, "showCaptions": "true", "streams": "", "autoplay": false, "autohideHtml5": false, "ytApiUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api", "savedVideoPosition": 0.0, "speed": null, "prioritizeHls": false, "captionDataDir": null, "autoAdvance": false, "saveStateEnabled": false, "ytMetadataEndpoint": ""}' data-bumper-metadata='null' data-autoadvance-enabled="False" data-poster='null' tabindex="-1" > <div class="focus_grabber first"></div> <div class="tc-wrapper"> <div class="video-wrapper"> <span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span> <span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span> <div class="video-player-pre"></div> <div class="video-player"> <div id="ea70724686a14474aaee8bd3d42a79f4"></div> <h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4> <h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden"> Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser. </h4> </div> <div class="video-player-post"></div> <div class="closed-captions"></div> <div class="video-controls is-hidden"> <div> <div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div> <div class="secondary-controls"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="focus_grabber last"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>