<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-request-token="b8decb56ea6f11efb8100e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019+type@vertical+block@5910e837c505496093733c2489318573" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="vertical" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">The Context of Human Error</h2>
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019+type@html+block@f157d966b27c458fb6c3ebb21a5db978">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-request-token="b8decb56ea6f11efb8100e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019+type@html+block@f157d966b27c458fb6c3ebb21a5db978" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<h2>7.4.1 The Context of Human Error</h2>
<p><button border-radius="2px" class="mo_button" onclick="window.location.href='/courses/course-v1:MITx+16.00x+3T2016/5e0e82a56b234a2aaf12ac0b3359c3c5#MO73';" style="cursor: pointer;" title="MO 7.3:
Discuss the role of humans in system safety and explain the importance of human interactions with hardware and software systems" type="button" id="LD">MO 7.3</button></p>
<p>Thus far, we have talked about the role of hardware and software in system safety. However, ultimately it all comes back to humans, the designers and operators of the system. In the next video, Prof. Hoffman and Dr. Thomas discuss the importance of designing systems to account for all possible use cases, and performing extensive testing prior to deployment. As the mantra goes in aerospace engineering:</p>
<center>
<h3 style="text-align: center;"><em><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">Test it like you're going to fly it</span></strong></em><br /><em><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;"> Fly it like you tested it</span></strong></em></h3>
</center>
<p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019+type@video+block@3b6751f81a4d4b94a97c8c282f49703b">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-request-token="b8decb56ea6f11efb8100e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019+type@video+block@3b6751f81a4d4b94a97c8c282f49703b" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="video" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Video"}
</script>
<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video: The Context of Human Error</h3>
<div
id="video_3b6751f81a4d4b94a97c8c282f49703b"
class="video closed"
data-metadata='{"saveStateUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019+type@video+block@3b6751f81a4d4b94a97c8c282f49703b/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state", "completionEnabled": false, "ytTestTimeout": 1500, "autohideHtml5": false, "completionPercentage": 0.95, "poster": "https://mitx-edx-video-meta-storage.s3.amazonaws.com/media/video-images/e23c93155f674ce1b3062425e8bf3afd.jpeg?Signature=7nw6GJ7CUmGvbtvG3A0oivZ58tI%3D&Expires=1739495404&x-amz-security-token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEPn%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJGMEQCIHjMBMhL%2B1IihBts%2F3YReOskSUi6yRWoic1fk%2BCUsih%2BAiA6D6nMjDrQWjl80umvow%2B%2FTSpbrGljhaoVm8do4hKOqyq5BQghEAMaDDg1OTIwNTYzNzQxMSIMxZFK0u5fWAN7JQ6%2FKpYFLFUual1ZZ0MUX4srVUHCYe6y2buuDkf8uhIU7LO0FVZg9ZVlAvLnXUL8l%2Bz%2B4g%2FG2o0j5bL2OqYGafG1BcykD4lqyDDvSePuSVWIsZ%2FERcpAeeN9ePH%2FcYx4DvSbQt%2F03RvZywUbpEgn7sNgXtN4vkgSrsifjmNHjAt69ny%2BJZ9IFZVxs6He1m4OVXJgtMvHPKWWAdSfu910qy0VApeRYZjImZpjJ1JpPXV%2FVgXYTtQJmLXPfTV2Cwd3Btvs89aM2GZo7OCeJIaZPp9Z713Ny7JkxKG1Og5hXMmWM54NTGeiha%2BRJCI0Ri01O3uhLN6NYRcuYXlZQ1Do64Cr0rkiKbbsRCkFYmovjaJP3N%2Fuqpvasl2Ehb5bS5deddDKiERG8WFSUe4SGATPCLwmxCmdkEW%2BriCP%2FAfthVQ%2FDckTuInDwpYEknIBHO141WA7WUJOQd4RFj7BpXYRY1PjgYFxdtOwQGd5WbhjiABYTvnjwTxxawDBB1v65a8poqtfTgb8elVn2ydhzYWWLEELme%2FSBvhpBc63bg3fuHq1trk4nHQ2JiT8olk24IIrdF5NhmMsMSyfnuVwTmAznMdEdtbmOPEHAuHYRTcnnG1KfDraE2jeLkbcyY5OOITIHM1WHFsPOagZisjkYBeFG%2FDEbvLCAHBBghVuoZHYR0xj%2Bug%2B9OkUOj6Wq4TVXoKT7ZfHygKRqDJ75kRyyrsuawPBrulXxxJCdeBWLjKtJiD6J%2BKH6v%2FRBNO4s5jbGcce8kB3Oe7C9ByeNeBGWQ%2BmjxFXsgMWRNFFeDj4k4nMbIeiLh4wuV29cy6E%2Fb0sCultYP7a3jSgox%2FC%2B%2FDhQXaPMxv7lopDohJAnh3OZdWRr5Y%2FqBfaq6zRvyd9FkUwzZi6vQY6sgEpFv9PQT3omzFFHWZJQBN0LPE3jSMKaQczSSnV0e8UxfTYWOYYmzz34Vnnvt6qAPVf1sOPl48wLwl%2F6%2BQ1XiR44DExWGfKwIfCkMxRCwTV953sCa%2FhZSMY7hzAYk8wjrSHYagNUDt5r3%2F3XqxCeHtL5Gi6RE82nhGNV1znh5ajXbEKlutVJ5kWwKOB4eFmSzCYCT%2FJQp4RuWHpO5xVLM%2FW9nqUEhQAOXhddZW0o0LTI%2BlF&AWSAccessKeyId=ASIA4QDFFSURWBJWJBDV", "ytApiUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api", "sources": ["https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT1600X/MIT1600XT115-V007700_DTH.mp4", "https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT1600X/MIT1600XT115-V007700_DTH.webm", "https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT1600XT115-V007700/MIT1600XT115-V007700.m3u8"], "transcriptLanguages": {"en": "English"}, "saveStateEnabled": false, "captionDataDir": null, "recordedYoutubeIsAvailable": true, "autoAdvance": false, "duration": 438.44, "publishCompletionUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019+type@video+block@3b6751f81a4d4b94a97c8c282f49703b/handler/publish_completion", "transcriptTranslationUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019+type@video+block@3b6751f81a4d4b94a97c8c282f49703b/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__", "prioritizeHls": false, "autoplay": false, "savedVideoPosition": 0.0, "streams": "1.00:XFm1NMlvSJ4", "speed": null, "generalSpeed": 1.0, "ytMetadataEndpoint": "", "showCaptions": "true", "start": 0.0, "transcriptLanguage": "en", "lmsRootURL": "https://openlearninglibrary.mit.edu", "end": 0.0, "transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019+type@video+block@3b6751f81a4d4b94a97c8c282f49703b/handler/transcript/available_translations"}'
data-bumper-metadata='null'
data-autoadvance-enabled="False"
data-poster='null'
tabindex="-1"
>
<div class="focus_grabber first"></div>
<div class="tc-wrapper">
<div class="video-wrapper">
<span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span>
<span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span>
<div class="video-player-pre"></div>
<div class="video-player">
<div id="3b6751f81a4d4b94a97c8c282f49703b"></div>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden">
Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser.
</h4>
</div>
<div class="video-player-post"></div>
<div class="closed-captions"></div>
<div class="video-controls is-hidden">
<div>
<div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div>
<div class="secondary-controls"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="focus_grabber last"></div>
<h3 class="hd hd-4 downloads-heading sr" id="video-download-transcripts_3b6751f81a4d4b94a97c8c282f49703b">Downloads and transcripts</h3>
<div class="wrapper-downloads" role="region" aria-labelledby="video-download-transcripts_3b6751f81a4d4b94a97c8c282f49703b">
<div class="wrapper-download-video">
<h4 class="hd hd-5">Video</h4>
<a class="btn-link video-sources video-download-button" href="https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT1600X/MIT1600XT115-V007700_DTH.mp4">
Download video file
</a>
</div>
<div class="wrapper-download-transcripts">
<h4 class="hd hd-5">Transcripts</h4>
<ul class="list-download-transcripts">
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019+type@video+block@3b6751f81a4d4b94a97c8c282f49703b/handler/transcript/download" data-value="srt">Download SubRip (.srt) file</a>
</li>
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019+type@video+block@3b6751f81a4d4b94a97c8c282f49703b/handler/transcript/download" data-value="txt">Download Text (.txt) file</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-request-token="b8decb56ea6f11efb8100e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019+type@vertical+block@37d3fc2b9a884ae19533f8becb34499f" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="vertical" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Humans and Automation</h2>
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019+type@html+block@6b9a90c492ba4b20baf1592ac467d1ab">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-request-token="b8decb56ea6f11efb8100e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019+type@html+block@6b9a90c492ba4b20baf1592ac467d1ab" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<h2>7.4.2 Humans and Automation</h2>
<p><button border-radius="2px" class="mo_button" onclick="window.location.href='/courses/course-v1:MITx+16.00x+3T2016/5e0e82a56b234a2aaf12ac0b3359c3c5#MO73';" style="cursor: pointer;" title="MO 7.3:
Discuss the role of humans in system safety and explain the importance of human interactions with hardware and software systems" type="button" id="LD">MO 7.3</button></p>
<p>There are countless examples of human-software interaction in today's world, from smart phones to bionic devices to aircraft cockpits. While software and automation have undoubtedly improved our lives in numerous ways, there is a common misconception that taking humans out of the loop makes a system safer because it eliminates the possibility of human error. In fact, automation is a double-edged sword: it is intended to make people's lives easier, but can also create unexpected and potentially dangerous situations. In the next video, Prof. Hoffman and Dr. Thomas explain how automation in aviation can create mode confusion and potentially lead to accidents.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019+type@video+block@899248aa60a44b5e9e21eac8aff130c4">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-request-token="b8decb56ea6f11efb8100e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019+type@video+block@899248aa60a44b5e9e21eac8aff130c4" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="video" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Video"}
</script>
<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video: Humans and Automation</h3>
<div
id="video_899248aa60a44b5e9e21eac8aff130c4"
class="video closed"
data-metadata='{"saveStateUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019+type@video+block@899248aa60a44b5e9e21eac8aff130c4/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state", "completionEnabled": false, "ytTestTimeout": 1500, "autohideHtml5": false, "completionPercentage": 0.95, "poster": null, "ytApiUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api", "sources": ["https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT1600X/MIT1600XT115-V007800_DTH.mp4", "https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT1600XT115-V014000_DTH.mp4", "https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT1600XT115-V014000/MIT1600XT115-V014000.m3u8"], "transcriptLanguages": {"en": "English"}, "saveStateEnabled": false, "captionDataDir": null, "recordedYoutubeIsAvailable": true, "autoAdvance": false, "duration": 545.95, "publishCompletionUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019+type@video+block@899248aa60a44b5e9e21eac8aff130c4/handler/publish_completion", "transcriptTranslationUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019+type@video+block@899248aa60a44b5e9e21eac8aff130c4/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__", "prioritizeHls": false, "autoplay": false, "savedVideoPosition": 0.0, "streams": "1.00:hAC6kp7Slqg", "speed": null, "generalSpeed": 1.0, "ytMetadataEndpoint": "", "showCaptions": "true", "start": 0.0, "transcriptLanguage": "en", "lmsRootURL": "https://openlearninglibrary.mit.edu", "end": 0.0, "transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019+type@video+block@899248aa60a44b5e9e21eac8aff130c4/handler/transcript/available_translations"}'
data-bumper-metadata='null'
data-autoadvance-enabled="False"
data-poster='null'
tabindex="-1"
>
<div class="focus_grabber first"></div>
<div class="tc-wrapper">
<div class="video-wrapper">
<span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span>
<span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span>
<div class="video-player-pre"></div>
<div class="video-player">
<div id="899248aa60a44b5e9e21eac8aff130c4"></div>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden">
Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser.
</h4>
</div>
<div class="video-player-post"></div>
<div class="closed-captions"></div>
<div class="video-controls is-hidden">
<div>
<div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div>
<div class="secondary-controls"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="focus_grabber last"></div>
<h3 class="hd hd-4 downloads-heading sr" id="video-download-transcripts_899248aa60a44b5e9e21eac8aff130c4">Downloads and transcripts</h3>
<div class="wrapper-downloads" role="region" aria-labelledby="video-download-transcripts_899248aa60a44b5e9e21eac8aff130c4">
<div class="wrapper-download-video">
<h4 class="hd hd-5">Video</h4>
<a class="btn-link video-sources video-download-button" href="https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT1600XT115-V014000_DTH.mp4">
Download video file
</a>
</div>
<div class="wrapper-download-transcripts">
<h4 class="hd hd-5">Transcripts</h4>
<ul class="list-download-transcripts">
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019+type@video+block@899248aa60a44b5e9e21eac8aff130c4/handler/transcript/download" data-value="srt">Download SubRip (.srt) file</a>
</li>
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019+type@video+block@899248aa60a44b5e9e21eac8aff130c4/handler/transcript/download" data-value="txt">Download Text (.txt) file</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-request-token="b8decb56ea6f11efb8100e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019+type@vertical+block@18efc67d8b7f44a0928bdd070a42e88a" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="vertical" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Traditional vs. Systems View of Human Factors</h2>
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019+type@html+block@5bbfe597c8b14d5787394059cb527cc3">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-request-token="b8decb56ea6f11efb8100e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019+type@html+block@5bbfe597c8b14d5787394059cb527cc3" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<h2>7.4.3 Traditional vs. Systems View of Human Factors</h2>
<p><button border-radius="2px" class="mo_button" onclick="window.location.href='/courses/course-v1:MITx+16.00x+3T2016/5e0e82a56b234a2aaf12ac0b3359c3c5#MO73';" style="cursor: pointer;" title="MO 7.3:
Discuss the role of humans in system safety and explain the importance of human interactions with hardware and software systems" type="button" id="LD">MO 7.3</button> <button border-radius="2px" class="mo_button" onclick="window.location.href='/courses/course-v1:MITx+16.00x+3T2016/5e0e82a56b234a2aaf12ac0b3359c3c5#MO74';" style="cursor: pointer;" title="MO 7.4:
Explain the differences between the "traditional view" and the "systems view" of human factors" type="button" id="LD">MO 7.4</button></p>
<p>Often, we hear about the cause of an accident being "human error". This is particularly true in the aerospace industry, in which pilot error is cited as a contributing factor in many aircraft accidents. However, as will be explained in the next video, human error is not a cause, but rather a symptom of the context in which the error occurred. This explanation underscores the difference between the traditional view and the systems view of human factors. After watching the video, we hope that you will take a closer look at some of the common mistakes that you encounter in your daily life, and think about whether they are due to human error or poor design.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019+type@video+block@edf064c07f4f4f25ac66589ea3580748">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-request-token="b8decb56ea6f11efb8100e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019+type@video+block@edf064c07f4f4f25ac66589ea3580748" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="video" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Video"}
</script>
<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video: Traditional vs. Systems View of Human Factors</h3>
<div
id="video_edf064c07f4f4f25ac66589ea3580748"
class="video closed"
data-metadata='{"saveStateUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019+type@video+block@edf064c07f4f4f25ac66589ea3580748/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state", "completionEnabled": false, "ytTestTimeout": 1500, "autohideHtml5": false, "completionPercentage": 0.95, "poster": "https://mitx-edx-video-meta-storage.s3.amazonaws.com/media/video-images/7d97371a8fab461b87a7d17a35a52a03.jpeg?Signature=9R9KCQMZKw2eYa2HbEX9oowjUK8%3D&Expires=1739495404&x-amz-security-token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEPn%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJGMEQCIHjMBMhL%2B1IihBts%2F3YReOskSUi6yRWoic1fk%2BCUsih%2BAiA6D6nMjDrQWjl80umvow%2B%2FTSpbrGljhaoVm8do4hKOqyq5BQghEAMaDDg1OTIwNTYzNzQxMSIMxZFK0u5fWAN7JQ6%2FKpYFLFUual1ZZ0MUX4srVUHCYe6y2buuDkf8uhIU7LO0FVZg9ZVlAvLnXUL8l%2Bz%2B4g%2FG2o0j5bL2OqYGafG1BcykD4lqyDDvSePuSVWIsZ%2FERcpAeeN9ePH%2FcYx4DvSbQt%2F03RvZywUbpEgn7sNgXtN4vkgSrsifjmNHjAt69ny%2BJZ9IFZVxs6He1m4OVXJgtMvHPKWWAdSfu910qy0VApeRYZjImZpjJ1JpPXV%2FVgXYTtQJmLXPfTV2Cwd3Btvs89aM2GZo7OCeJIaZPp9Z713Ny7JkxKG1Og5hXMmWM54NTGeiha%2BRJCI0Ri01O3uhLN6NYRcuYXlZQ1Do64Cr0rkiKbbsRCkFYmovjaJP3N%2Fuqpvasl2Ehb5bS5deddDKiERG8WFSUe4SGATPCLwmxCmdkEW%2BriCP%2FAfthVQ%2FDckTuInDwpYEknIBHO141WA7WUJOQd4RFj7BpXYRY1PjgYFxdtOwQGd5WbhjiABYTvnjwTxxawDBB1v65a8poqtfTgb8elVn2ydhzYWWLEELme%2FSBvhpBc63bg3fuHq1trk4nHQ2JiT8olk24IIrdF5NhmMsMSyfnuVwTmAznMdEdtbmOPEHAuHYRTcnnG1KfDraE2jeLkbcyY5OOITIHM1WHFsPOagZisjkYBeFG%2FDEbvLCAHBBghVuoZHYR0xj%2Bug%2B9OkUOj6Wq4TVXoKT7ZfHygKRqDJ75kRyyrsuawPBrulXxxJCdeBWLjKtJiD6J%2BKH6v%2FRBNO4s5jbGcce8kB3Oe7C9ByeNeBGWQ%2BmjxFXsgMWRNFFeDj4k4nMbIeiLh4wuV29cy6E%2Fb0sCultYP7a3jSgox%2FC%2B%2FDhQXaPMxv7lopDohJAnh3OZdWRr5Y%2FqBfaq6zRvyd9FkUwzZi6vQY6sgEpFv9PQT3omzFFHWZJQBN0LPE3jSMKaQczSSnV0e8UxfTYWOYYmzz34Vnnvt6qAPVf1sOPl48wLwl%2F6%2BQ1XiR44DExWGfKwIfCkMxRCwTV953sCa%2FhZSMY7hzAYk8wjrSHYagNUDt5r3%2F3XqxCeHtL5Gi6RE82nhGNV1znh5ajXbEKlutVJ5kWwKOB4eFmSzCYCT%2FJQp4RuWHpO5xVLM%2FW9nqUEhQAOXhddZW0o0LTI%2BlF&AWSAccessKeyId=ASIA4QDFFSURWBJWJBDV", "ytApiUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api", "sources": ["https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT1600X/MIT1600XT115-V007900_DTH.mp4", "https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT1600X/MIT1600XT115-V007900_DTH.webm", "https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT1600XT115-V007900/MIT1600XT115-V007900.m3u8"], "transcriptLanguages": {"en": "English"}, "saveStateEnabled": false, "captionDataDir": null, "recordedYoutubeIsAvailable": true, "autoAdvance": false, "duration": 554.56, "publishCompletionUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019+type@video+block@edf064c07f4f4f25ac66589ea3580748/handler/publish_completion", "transcriptTranslationUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019+type@video+block@edf064c07f4f4f25ac66589ea3580748/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__", "prioritizeHls": false, "autoplay": false, "savedVideoPosition": 0.0, "streams": "1.00:b-qI5ZIglSY", "speed": null, "generalSpeed": 1.0, "ytMetadataEndpoint": "", "showCaptions": "true", "start": 0.0, "transcriptLanguage": "en", "lmsRootURL": "https://openlearninglibrary.mit.edu", "end": 0.0, "transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019+type@video+block@edf064c07f4f4f25ac66589ea3580748/handler/transcript/available_translations"}'
data-bumper-metadata='null'
data-autoadvance-enabled="False"
data-poster='null'
tabindex="-1"
>
<div class="focus_grabber first"></div>
<div class="tc-wrapper">
<div class="video-wrapper">
<span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span>
<span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span>
<div class="video-player-pre"></div>
<div class="video-player">
<div id="edf064c07f4f4f25ac66589ea3580748"></div>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden">
Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser.
</h4>
</div>
<div class="video-player-post"></div>
<div class="closed-captions"></div>
<div class="video-controls is-hidden">
<div>
<div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div>
<div class="secondary-controls"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="focus_grabber last"></div>
<h3 class="hd hd-4 downloads-heading sr" id="video-download-transcripts_edf064c07f4f4f25ac66589ea3580748">Downloads and transcripts</h3>
<div class="wrapper-downloads" role="region" aria-labelledby="video-download-transcripts_edf064c07f4f4f25ac66589ea3580748">
<div class="wrapper-download-video">
<h4 class="hd hd-5">Video</h4>
<a class="btn-link video-sources video-download-button" href="https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT1600X/MIT1600XT115-V007900_DTH.mp4">
Download video file
</a>
</div>
<div class="wrapper-download-transcripts">
<h4 class="hd hd-5">Transcripts</h4>
<ul class="list-download-transcripts">
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019+type@video+block@edf064c07f4f4f25ac66589ea3580748/handler/transcript/download" data-value="srt">Download SubRip (.srt) file</a>
</li>
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019+type@video+block@edf064c07f4f4f25ac66589ea3580748/handler/transcript/download" data-value="txt">Download Text (.txt) file</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-request-token="b8decb56ea6f11efb8100e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019+type@vertical+block@16a9952666dc4477a6295b62aa80ef44" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="vertical" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Designing with Humans in Mind</h2>
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019+type@html+block@494dd907e4b24631af072e37e40e74a2">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-request-token="b8decb56ea6f11efb8100e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019+type@html+block@494dd907e4b24631af072e37e40e74a2" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<h2>7.4.4 Designing with Humans in Mind</h2>
<p><button border-radius="2px" class="mo_button" onclick="window.location.href='/courses/course-v1:MITx+16.00x+3T2016/5e0e82a56b234a2aaf12ac0b3359c3c5#MO73';" style="cursor: pointer;" title="MO 7.3:
Discuss the role of humans in system safety and explain the importance of human interactions with hardware and software systems" type="button" id="LD">MO 7.3</button></p>
<p style="padding-left: 80px; padding-right: 90px;"><em>"If an error is possible, someone will make it. The designer must assume that all possible errors will occur and design so as to minimize the chance of the error in the first place, or its effects once it gets made. Errors should be easy to detect, they should have minimal consequences, and, if possible, their effects should be reversible."</em></p>
<p style="padding-left: 340px;">- Donald A. Norman, <em style="line-height: 25.6000003814697px;">The Design of Everyday Things </em>(1988)</p>
<p>To conclude our conversation on system safety, we end with a summary of what we've learned and some parting words of wisdom about designing with humans in mind.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019+type@video+block@c6ac663627734e06b418a92ce8b6e5f9">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-request-token="b8decb56ea6f11efb8100e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019+type@video+block@c6ac663627734e06b418a92ce8b6e5f9" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="video" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Video"}
</script>
<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video: Designing with Humans in Mind</h3>
<div
id="video_c6ac663627734e06b418a92ce8b6e5f9"
class="video closed"
data-metadata='{"saveStateUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019+type@video+block@c6ac663627734e06b418a92ce8b6e5f9/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state", "completionEnabled": false, "ytTestTimeout": 1500, "autohideHtml5": false, "completionPercentage": 0.95, "poster": "https://mitx-edx-video-meta-storage.s3.amazonaws.com/media/video-images/d9167602971a444f9e44e90cbfc3b942.jpeg?Signature=NUIBmHVqL4VdANoagf9vJWj%2BUjc%3D&Expires=1739495404&x-amz-security-token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEPn%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJGMEQCIHjMBMhL%2B1IihBts%2F3YReOskSUi6yRWoic1fk%2BCUsih%2BAiA6D6nMjDrQWjl80umvow%2B%2FTSpbrGljhaoVm8do4hKOqyq5BQghEAMaDDg1OTIwNTYzNzQxMSIMxZFK0u5fWAN7JQ6%2FKpYFLFUual1ZZ0MUX4srVUHCYe6y2buuDkf8uhIU7LO0FVZg9ZVlAvLnXUL8l%2Bz%2B4g%2FG2o0j5bL2OqYGafG1BcykD4lqyDDvSePuSVWIsZ%2FERcpAeeN9ePH%2FcYx4DvSbQt%2F03RvZywUbpEgn7sNgXtN4vkgSrsifjmNHjAt69ny%2BJZ9IFZVxs6He1m4OVXJgtMvHPKWWAdSfu910qy0VApeRYZjImZpjJ1JpPXV%2FVgXYTtQJmLXPfTV2Cwd3Btvs89aM2GZo7OCeJIaZPp9Z713Ny7JkxKG1Og5hXMmWM54NTGeiha%2BRJCI0Ri01O3uhLN6NYRcuYXlZQ1Do64Cr0rkiKbbsRCkFYmovjaJP3N%2Fuqpvasl2Ehb5bS5deddDKiERG8WFSUe4SGATPCLwmxCmdkEW%2BriCP%2FAfthVQ%2FDckTuInDwpYEknIBHO141WA7WUJOQd4RFj7BpXYRY1PjgYFxdtOwQGd5WbhjiABYTvnjwTxxawDBB1v65a8poqtfTgb8elVn2ydhzYWWLEELme%2FSBvhpBc63bg3fuHq1trk4nHQ2JiT8olk24IIrdF5NhmMsMSyfnuVwTmAznMdEdtbmOPEHAuHYRTcnnG1KfDraE2jeLkbcyY5OOITIHM1WHFsPOagZisjkYBeFG%2FDEbvLCAHBBghVuoZHYR0xj%2Bug%2B9OkUOj6Wq4TVXoKT7ZfHygKRqDJ75kRyyrsuawPBrulXxxJCdeBWLjKtJiD6J%2BKH6v%2FRBNO4s5jbGcce8kB3Oe7C9ByeNeBGWQ%2BmjxFXsgMWRNFFeDj4k4nMbIeiLh4wuV29cy6E%2Fb0sCultYP7a3jSgox%2FC%2B%2FDhQXaPMxv7lopDohJAnh3OZdWRr5Y%2FqBfaq6zRvyd9FkUwzZi6vQY6sgEpFv9PQT3omzFFHWZJQBN0LPE3jSMKaQczSSnV0e8UxfTYWOYYmzz34Vnnvt6qAPVf1sOPl48wLwl%2F6%2BQ1XiR44DExWGfKwIfCkMxRCwTV953sCa%2FhZSMY7hzAYk8wjrSHYagNUDt5r3%2F3XqxCeHtL5Gi6RE82nhGNV1znh5ajXbEKlutVJ5kWwKOB4eFmSzCYCT%2FJQp4RuWHpO5xVLM%2FW9nqUEhQAOXhddZW0o0LTI%2BlF&AWSAccessKeyId=ASIA4QDFFSURWBJWJBDV", "ytApiUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api", "sources": ["https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT1600X/MIT1600XT115-V008200_DTH.mp4", "https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT1600X/MIT1600XT115-V012600_DTH.mp4", "https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT1600XT115-V012600/MIT1600XT115-V012600.m3u8"], "transcriptLanguages": {"en": "English"}, "saveStateEnabled": false, "captionDataDir": null, "recordedYoutubeIsAvailable": true, "autoAdvance": false, "duration": 205.01, "publishCompletionUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019+type@video+block@c6ac663627734e06b418a92ce8b6e5f9/handler/publish_completion", "transcriptTranslationUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019+type@video+block@c6ac663627734e06b418a92ce8b6e5f9/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__", "prioritizeHls": false, "autoplay": false, "savedVideoPosition": 0.0, "streams": "1.00:Gw7hsPd-I-A", "speed": null, "generalSpeed": 1.0, "ytMetadataEndpoint": "", "showCaptions": "true", "start": 0.0, "transcriptLanguage": "en", "lmsRootURL": "https://openlearninglibrary.mit.edu", "end": 0.0, "transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019+type@video+block@c6ac663627734e06b418a92ce8b6e5f9/handler/transcript/available_translations"}'
data-bumper-metadata='null'
data-autoadvance-enabled="False"
data-poster='null'
tabindex="-1"
>
<div class="focus_grabber first"></div>
<div class="tc-wrapper">
<div class="video-wrapper">
<span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span>
<span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span>
<div class="video-player-pre"></div>
<div class="video-player">
<div id="c6ac663627734e06b418a92ce8b6e5f9"></div>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden">
Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser.
</h4>
</div>
<div class="video-player-post"></div>
<div class="closed-captions"></div>
<div class="video-controls is-hidden">
<div>
<div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div>
<div class="secondary-controls"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="focus_grabber last"></div>
<h3 class="hd hd-4 downloads-heading sr" id="video-download-transcripts_c6ac663627734e06b418a92ce8b6e5f9">Downloads and transcripts</h3>
<div class="wrapper-downloads" role="region" aria-labelledby="video-download-transcripts_c6ac663627734e06b418a92ce8b6e5f9">
<div class="wrapper-download-video">
<h4 class="hd hd-5">Video</h4>
<a class="btn-link video-sources video-download-button" href="https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT1600X/MIT1600XT115-V012600_DTH.mp4">
Download video file
</a>
</div>
<div class="wrapper-download-transcripts">
<h4 class="hd hd-5">Transcripts</h4>
<ul class="list-download-transcripts">
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019+type@video+block@c6ac663627734e06b418a92ce8b6e5f9/handler/transcript/download" data-value="srt">Download SubRip (.srt) file</a>
</li>
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+16.00x+2T2019+type@video+block@c6ac663627734e06b418a92ce8b6e5f9/handler/transcript/download" data-value="txt">Download Text (.txt) file</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
© All Rights Reserved