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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Lecture Files & Content</h2>
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<p><a href="/assets/courseware/v1/61332d02da42d8679199731d2f7e4608/asset-v1:MITx+16.885x+3T2019+type@asset+block/Lecture_11_-_Walt_Guy_-_Thermal_Control_and_Life_Support_Systems.pdf" target="[object Object]">Lecture Slides</a></p>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Thermal Control and Life Support System: Part I</h2>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Thermal Control and Life Support System: Part II</h2>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Questions</h2>
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Problem 1
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[mathjax] 2LiOH + CO_2 \rightarrow Li_2CO_3 + H_2O + heat[/mathjax]</legend>
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<legend id="f90de55e7e70415ab1f47a3832fe2b49_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Why was a rapid cycle amine system used for some long Shuttle missions?</legend>
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<input type="radio" name="input_f90de55e7e70415ab1f47a3832fe2b49_2_1" id="input_f90de55e7e70415ab1f47a3832fe2b49_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="f90de55e7e70415ab1f47a3832fe2b49_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_f90de55e7e70415ab1f47a3832fe2b49_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_f90de55e7e70415ab1f47a3832fe2b49_2_1"> With extended use, LiOH systems produce toxic byproducts that are OK for short missions but are unacceptable for long missions with a full crew.
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<input type="radio" name="input_f90de55e7e70415ab1f47a3832fe2b49_2_1" id="input_f90de55e7e70415ab1f47a3832fe2b49_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="f90de55e7e70415ab1f47a3832fe2b49_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_f90de55e7e70415ab1f47a3832fe2b49_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_f90de55e7e70415ab1f47a3832fe2b49_2_1"> The total mass and volume of LiOH (lithium hydroxide) for a long mission with a full crew would be excessive.
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<input type="radio" name="input_f90de55e7e70415ab1f47a3832fe2b49_2_1" id="input_f90de55e7e70415ab1f47a3832fe2b49_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="f90de55e7e70415ab1f47a3832fe2b49_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_f90de55e7e70415ab1f47a3832fe2b49_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_f90de55e7e70415ab1f47a3832fe2b49_2_1"> The heat produced by the LiOH absorption reaction would become excessive during a long mission with a full crew, producing an unacceptable strain on the thermal control system.
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<input type="radio" name="input_f90de55e7e70415ab1f47a3832fe2b49_2_1" id="input_f90de55e7e70415ab1f47a3832fe2b49_2_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_3"/><label id="f90de55e7e70415ab1f47a3832fe2b49_2_1-choice_3-label" for="input_f90de55e7e70415ab1f47a3832fe2b49_2_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_f90de55e7e70415ab1f47a3832fe2b49_2_1"> LiOH canisters must be changed manually, whereas the rapid cycle amine system was automatic. This was important during Spacelab missions, where the crew had to spend their time doing scientific experiments.
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<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="8dac5ad07b774430864de5c748d8092b-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+16.885x+3T2019+type@problem+block@8dac5ad07b774430864de5c748d8092b-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Problem 3
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<legend id="8dac5ad07b774430864de5c748d8092b_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Why can the flash evaporator not be used for cooling below 100,000 feet altitude?</legend>
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<input type="radio" name="input_8dac5ad07b774430864de5c748d8092b_2_1" id="input_8dac5ad07b774430864de5c748d8092b_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="8dac5ad07b774430864de5c748d8092b_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_8dac5ad07b774430864de5c748d8092b_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_8dac5ad07b774430864de5c748d8092b_2_1"> The temperature of the air below this altitude is too high.
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<input type="radio" name="input_8dac5ad07b774430864de5c748d8092b_2_1" id="input_8dac5ad07b774430864de5c748d8092b_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="8dac5ad07b774430864de5c748d8092b_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_8dac5ad07b774430864de5c748d8092b_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_8dac5ad07b774430864de5c748d8092b_2_1"> Once the payload bay doors are closed, all cooling is done by the flash evaporator, and by the time the Shuttle descends to 100,000 feet, the water supply is too low to support further use.
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<input type="radio" name="input_8dac5ad07b774430864de5c748d8092b_2_1" id="input_8dac5ad07b774430864de5c748d8092b_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="8dac5ad07b774430864de5c748d8092b_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_8dac5ad07b774430864de5c748d8092b_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_8dac5ad07b774430864de5c748d8092b_2_1"> Below 100,000 feet, air pressure is too high to allow water to flash evaporate.
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<input type="radio" name="input_8dac5ad07b774430864de5c748d8092b_2_1" id="input_8dac5ad07b774430864de5c748d8092b_2_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_3"/><label id="8dac5ad07b774430864de5c748d8092b_2_1-choice_3-label" for="input_8dac5ad07b774430864de5c748d8092b_2_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_8dac5ad07b774430864de5c748d8092b_2_1"> The high-load evaporator has a propulsive exhaust (in contrast to the topping evaporator, which is non-propulsive). During the final stages of entry, below 100,000 feet, this propulsive discharge would interfere with the Shuttle&#8217;s aerodynamic control system.
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<input type="radio" name="input_8dac5ad07b774430864de5c748d8092b_2_1" id="input_8dac5ad07b774430864de5c748d8092b_2_1_choice_4" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_4"/><label id="8dac5ad07b774430864de5c748d8092b_2_1-choice_4-label" for="input_8dac5ad07b774430864de5c748d8092b_2_1_choice_4" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_8dac5ad07b774430864de5c748d8092b_2_1"> None of the above
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<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="c0b6d86474e245f2ad53cfad5e82d1c1-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+16.885x+3T2019+type@problem+block@c0b6d86474e245f2ad53cfad5e82d1c1-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Problem 4
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<legend id="c0b6d86474e245f2ad53cfad5e82d1c1_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Traditional spacecraft radiators are usually painted flat white to avoid absorbing too much solar energy. Why are the Space Shuttle radiators covered with metallic tape?</legend>
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<input type="radio" name="input_c0b6d86474e245f2ad53cfad5e82d1c1_2_1" id="input_c0b6d86474e245f2ad53cfad5e82d1c1_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="c0b6d86474e245f2ad53cfad5e82d1c1_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_c0b6d86474e245f2ad53cfad5e82d1c1_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_c0b6d86474e245f2ad53cfad5e82d1c1_2_1"> The tape reflects more solar energy than traditional white radiators.
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<input type="radio" name="input_c0b6d86474e245f2ad53cfad5e82d1c1_2_1" id="input_c0b6d86474e245f2ad53cfad5e82d1c1_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="c0b6d86474e245f2ad53cfad5e82d1c1_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_c0b6d86474e245f2ad53cfad5e82d1c1_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_c0b6d86474e245f2ad53cfad5e82d1c1_2_1"> The tape is more efficient at radiating away heat than traditional white radiators.
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<input type="radio" name="input_c0b6d86474e245f2ad53cfad5e82d1c1_2_1" id="input_c0b6d86474e245f2ad53cfad5e82d1c1_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="c0b6d86474e245f2ad53cfad5e82d1c1_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_c0b6d86474e245f2ad53cfad5e82d1c1_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_c0b6d86474e245f2ad53cfad5e82d1c1_2_1"> The tape has less maintenance requirements than traditional white paint.
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<input type="radio" name="input_c0b6d86474e245f2ad53cfad5e82d1c1_2_1" id="input_c0b6d86474e245f2ad53cfad5e82d1c1_2_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_3"/><label id="c0b6d86474e245f2ad53cfad5e82d1c1_2_1-choice_3-label" for="input_c0b6d86474e245f2ad53cfad5e82d1c1_2_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_c0b6d86474e245f2ad53cfad5e82d1c1_2_1"> Using tape allowed the radiators to be less massive than using traditional radiator material.
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