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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Watch: Coding Demonstration</h2>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Watch: Using Your Codebook</h2>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Read: Summary</h2>
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<p>The initial coding phase is a foundational step in creating a grounded theory, ensuring that your theory accurately reflects your data and extracts repeated themes and synthesizing insights about and from the data. Careful attention to coding helps the researcher, preventing the analyst from putting too much of their own perspectives, feelings, and experiences into their interpretation of the data. Coding line by line forces you to break apart your assumptions about the data and its meaning, rushing too quickly to assign meanings and answers to your research questions. Instead, you need to develop techniques to make codes based on the direct actions, words, phrases, and experiences reported by the participant. This process will help bring out deeper associations and meanings behind the events and within the stories, which will lead to new patterns, contrasts, and theories. </p>
<p>With the codebook in hand, you work through the entire data set. If we do not use the same set of codes for the entire data set, our analysis may miss data that would make some patterns stronger or challenge some generalizations by missing contradictory information. The ability to generalize across the data, which we discussed in the first module on criteria for validity, would be compromised if coding is not consistent. Throughout this process, you will also be writing memos, a topic to which we turn next.</p>
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