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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Written Assessment 3</h2>
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<h3>Two Notes About Timing</h3>
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<p style="font-size: 16px;">1. Written Assessment 3 is <strong>released at the beginning of Part 3</strong>. Some questions in the assessment relate to lectures which aren't released until later in Part 3. So no need to worry if you're confused by the questions initially: we'll cover all the relevant material in due course. We release the assessment at the beginning of Part 3 for several reasons: (a) to let you see what the assessment will involve; (b) to let you view the lectures with the questions in mind; (c) to minimize overlap between different parts of the course, so that you can focus on one part at a time.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px;">2. <strong>No extensions will be granted for the written assessments. </strong>In a course with so many learners, granting individual extensions just isn't feasible. Please plan accordingly.</p>
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<h3>Instructions for Audit Learners</h3>
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<p>Write an essay to answer one of the questions below. You will be given several questions to choose from. Please choose only <strong>one.</strong> Your essay should be <strong>800–1200 words.</strong></p>
<p>It's not easy to write a good philosophy essay. If you're new to it, we recommend Jim Pryor's <a href="http://www.jimpryor.net/teaching/guidelines/writing.html">Guidelines on Writing a Philosophy Paper</a>.<strong></strong></p>
<p>You are enrolled as an Audit Learner. This means that your essay will only be seen and assessed by you.</p>
<p>After you write your essay, you should assess it yourself using the rubric we've provided.</p>
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<h3>Questions</h3>
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<p>Remember: choose only <strong>one</strong> of the following questions.</p>
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<p><strong>Question 1: Bentham's Arguments for Utilitarianism</strong></p>
<p>In Chapters 1 and 2 of his <i>Principles of Morals and Legislation</i>, Bentham offers three arguments for the claim that Utilitarianism is the correct moral theory (Lecture 9, Unit 3). Describe each argument briefly, and then pick out the one that you believe is strongest. Explain that argument in the most persuasive way you can. Then assess the argument from a critical perspective. Raise at least one objection to it. Then consider how Bentham might reply. In the end, are you persuaded by that argument? Why or why not?</p>
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<p><strong>Question 2: Kant's Categorical Imperative</strong></p>
<p>Kant puts forth his Categorical Imperative, in several forms, including the Formula of Universal Law and the Formula of Humanity as an End. Kant argues that each of these formulas prohibits making a false promise for the sake of getting ready cash. Explain how the Formula of Universal Law rules out this action, and then explain how the Formula of Humanity as an End rules out the same action. How are these arguments different from each other? Based on this case, which formula do you find more useful as a practical guide, and why?</p>
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<p><strong>Question 3: Aristotle and Virtues</strong></p>
<p>Describe someone you truly admire. This person can be someone you know, or a fictional or historical character with whom you are familiar. Identify the specific character traits you find admirable in this person. (These do not have to be traits that Aristotle himself identifies.) Do these traits have the features that Aristotle says all virtues have (e.g., involve pleasure and pain, involve understanding, ruined by excess and deficiency, acquired by habituation, self-reinforcing)? Argue for the claim that these traits are (or are not) virtues, by explaining how they have (or lack) the features of virtues that Aristotle specifies.</p>
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