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<h3>Reading for Lecture 9</h3>
<p></p>
<p>Each lecture has an assigned reading. You should do the reading before working through the lecture. You will get so much more out of the lecture if you do.</p>
<p>The reading for Lecture 9 consists of excerpts from <a href="https://www.econlib.org/library/Bentham/bnthPML.html?chapter_num=2#book-reader">Jeremy Bentham's <i>Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation</i></a>. This reading is hosted on an external site.</p>
<p>Please read:</p>
<ol>
<li>all of Chapter 1</li>
<li>all of Chapter 4</li>
<li>footnote 5 only in Chapter 10</li>
<li>Sections 1, 2, and 11–18 of Chapter 2 (footnotes optional)</li>
</ol>
<p>Of course, you are welcome and encouraged to read as much of the rest of Bentham's book as you like!</p>
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Problem 9.1.1
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Problem 9.1.3
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<legend id="272b768a677b4fc88b238381901a89aa_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Why did Bentham think it was right to have his body put on public display after his death?</legend>
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<h3>Discussion Question 9.1.4</h3>
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<p>Do you think it was right for Bentham to have his body put on public display? Why or why not?</p>
<p>Please click the post labeled "Discussion Question 9.1.4", look over other learners' responses, and add your own. Please do not create a new post. Just add a response to that existing post. That makes it easier for everyone to see what others are saying.</p>
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Problem 9.2.1
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Problem 9.2.3
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<legend id="214076526cac4bf1bb19d8c8307d0619_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Suppose your local government is considering a law that would ban the sale of certain military-style firearms. The legislators use Bentham&#8217;s felicific calculus to make the decision. They determine that passing the law would cause 1,000 residents to experience a net increase of 5 units of pleasure each, while causing another 500 residents to experience a net decrease of 6 units of pleasure each. Given that information, what should they conclude?</legend>
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<h3>Discussion Question 9.2.4</h3>
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<p>Do you think using the felicific calculus is a good way for your legislators to decide which laws to pass? Why or why not?</p>
<p>Please click the post labeled "Discussion Question 9.2.4", look over other learners' responses, and add your own. Please do not create a new post. Just add a response to that existing post. That makes it easier for everyone to see what others are saying.</p>
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Problem 9.3.2
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<h3>Discussion Question 9.3.3</h3>
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<p>Most people can be motivated to endure pain now in order to gain pleasure later. For example, you can choose to work hard on Friday so that you can enjoy a weekend outing. Are you ever motivated to endure pain for any reason other than pleasure?</p>
<p>Please click the post labeled "Discussion Question 9.3.3", look over other learners' responses, and add your own. Please do not create a new post. Just add a response to that existing post. That makes it easier for everyone to see what others are saying.</p>
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Problem 9.4.1
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<legend id="9ea2ee8e1b1d4b628c818bf3c328edd3_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Bentham advocated the abolition of slavery. If he held this position on the basis of his own utilitarian theory, what must his reason for advocating the abolition of slavery have been? Check all that apply.</legend>
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_9ea2ee8e1b1d4b628c818bf3c328edd3_2_1[]" id="input_9ea2ee8e1b1d4b628c818bf3c328edd3_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_0"/><label id="9ea2ee8e1b1d4b628c818bf3c328edd3_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_9ea2ee8e1b1d4b628c818bf3c328edd3_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_9ea2ee8e1b1d4b628c818bf3c328edd3_2_1"> Every person has a natural right to be free from enslavement by others.
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_9ea2ee8e1b1d4b628c818bf3c328edd3_2_1[]" id="input_9ea2ee8e1b1d4b628c818bf3c328edd3_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_2"/><label id="9ea2ee8e1b1d4b628c818bf3c328edd3_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_9ea2ee8e1b1d4b628c818bf3c328edd3_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_9ea2ee8e1b1d4b628c818bf3c328edd3_2_1"> Enslaving others is a sin.
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Problem 9.4.2
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<legend id="4ee16b2e044147d98cd0f34406c71a0e_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">What did Bentham call the notion of "a natural right"? Check all that apply.</legend>
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<h3>Discussion Question 9.4.3</h3>
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<p>Do you think you have a right to anything (freedom from enslavement, an equal vote, fair treatment, health care, etc.)? If so, how could you argue or prove that you have this right?</p>
<p>Please click the post labeled "Discussion Question 9.4.3", look over other learners' responses, and add your own. Please do not create a new post. Just add a response to that existing post. That makes it easier for everyone to see what others are saying.</p>
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Problem 9.5.1
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<legend id="7ef931abfd784d6e9de5d93b74d76f70_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">In Bentham's theory, some pleasures (like the pleasures of cruelty or domination) simply don't enter into the felicific calculus, because they are inherently bad or wrong.</legend>
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<h3>Discussion Question 9.5.2</h3>
<p></p>
<p>Suppose you and your roommate are both utilitarians, and you are considering adopting a policy of cleaning your apartment together every Saturday. You happen to find living in a dirty apartment very painful. Your roommate does not. For you, the pain of cleaning on Saturday is outweighed by the pleasure of having a clean living space. For your roommate, the pain of cleaning on Saturday is not outweighed by the pleasure of having a clean living space. But your roommate's net loss of pleasure would only be 3 units, while your net gain of pleasure would be 7 units. So adopting the policy would increase aggregate utility by 4 units.</p>
<p>What could motivate your roommate to adopt the policy? Bentham seems to acknowledge only one human motive: the motive to pursue pleasure and avoid pain. Could that motivate your roommate to adopt the policy? Why or why not?</p>
<p>Please click the post labeled "Discussion Question 9.5.2", look over other learners' responses, and add your own. Please do not create a new post. Just add a response to that existing post. That makes it easier for everyone to see what others are saying.</p>
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<h3>Discussion Question 9.5.3</h3>
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<p>Suppose that you are a utilitarian, and you hold a political office. You are up for reelection this year. Lobbyists are going to support your opponent unless you vote in favor of a piece of legislation that benefits what you take to be a corrupt industry. You believe this legislation will decrease aggregate utility. But the lobbying group is powerful enough to have a very detrimental effect on your chances for reelection.</p>
<p>What could motivate you to stand firm against the pressure of the lobbyists and vote no on the legislation? Bentham seems to acknowledge only one human motive: the motive to pursue pleasure and avoid pain. Could that motivate you to resist the pressure? Why or why not?</p>
<p>Please click the post labeled "Discussion Question 9.5.3", look over other learners' responses, and add your own. Please do not create a new post. Just add a response to that existing post. That makes it easier for everyone to see what others are saying.</p>
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<h3>Lecture 9 General Discussion</h3>
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<p>Do you have any other comments or questions about Lecture 9? This is the place to air them.</p>
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