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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Written Assessment 4</h2>
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<h3>Two Notes About Timing</h3>
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<p style="font-size: 16px;">1. Written Assessment 4 is <strong>released at the beginning of Part 4</strong>. Some questions in the assessment relate to lectures which aren't released until later in Part 4. So no need to worry if you're confused by the questions initially: we'll cover all the relevant material in due course. We release the assessment at the beginning of Part 4 for several reasons: (a) to let you see what the assessment will involve; (b) to let you view the lectures with the questions in mind; (c) to minimize overlap between different parts of the course, so that you can focus on one part at a time.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px;">2. <strong>No extensions will be granted for the written assessments. </strong>In a course with so many learners, granting individual extensions just isn't feasible. Please plan accordingly.</p>
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<h3>Instructions for Audit Learners</h3>
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<p>Write an essay to answer one of the questions below. You will be given several questions to choose from. Please choose only <strong>one.</strong> Your essay should be <strong>800–1200 words.</strong></p>
<p>It's not easy to write a good philosophy essay. If you're new to it, we recommend Jim Pryor's <a href="http://www.jimpryor.net/teaching/guidelines/writing.html">Guidelines on Writing a Philosophy Paper</a>.<strong></strong></p>
<p>You are enrolled as an Audit Learner. This means that your essay will only be seen and assessed by you.</p>
<p>After you write your essay, you should assess it yourself using the rubric we've provided.</p>
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<h3>Questions</h3>
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<p>Remember: choose only <strong>one</strong> of the following questions.</p>
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<p><strong>Question 1: Killing One to Save Five</strong></p>
<p>When is it morally okay to kill one person so as to prevent five people from being killed? How would an act consequentialist think about this question? What would an act consequentialist say about the cases we considered in Lecture 13 (e.g. Fuel, Blood and the different trolley cases)? Does the act consequentialist get these cases right? If not, what is the right general account of when it is morally okay to kill one person so as to save five?</p>
<p><strong>Question 2: Singer and Sacrifice</strong></p>
<p>Singer argues that we should all give large (relative to what we have) sums to charity. Assess his argument.</p>
<p><strong>Question 3: The Nonidentity Problem</strong></p>
<p>Suppose we are considering putting up a massive series of dams. A far sighted engineer tells us that, though the dams will bring considerable short-term benefit to us, they will cause terrible droughts in 150 years' time. A far-sighted philosopher then says, "Don't worry about that. If we put the dams up then all people who suffer through the resultant droughts in the far future will owe their existence to our putting the dams up. So we won't do anything morally wrong by putting the dams up." Is this good reasoning? Why or why not? What does your answer tell us about how to solve the nonidentity problem?</p>
<p><strong>Question 4: Non-Human Animals</strong></p>
<p>What is the best argument for thinking that we should care more about the interests of humans than about the interests of non-human animals? Assess the argument.</p>
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