<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-request-token="41929a6aed1611efb8fb0e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@vertical+block@4dd2e3a1521e4895bd1770568d7c8494" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="vertical" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Map of Lecture 7</h2>
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@html+block@e9298531cecb46a8b046aafa1d94ade2">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-request-token="41929a6aed1611efb8fb0e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@html+block@e9298531cecb46a8b046aafa1d94ade2" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<p>Welcome to Topic 2: a survey of theories of the mind, from dualism to functionalism. We start with dualism. Reading: René Descartes’ “<a href="/assets/courseware/v1/5348e3373322460a5c3e70280ba55237/asset-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@asset+block/6_descartes_meditation_II.pdf">Second Meditation</a>”. </p>
<p>Here’s the map of today’s lecture.</p>
<ul>
<ul>
<ul>
<li>Introducing Dualism: Get to know our first, and in some ways most intuitive, theory of mind.</li>
<ul>
<ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/8a3151afde44402094fb537f67ea55d7" target="_blank">Strong AI<strong><em> </em></strong>and Physicalism</a>: After a quick recap of the story so far, I note that the star thesis of the last section is a <em>physicalist</em> thesis. But maybe that’s a mistake…</li>
<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/03e4f9fd25ca4fb585006ed0220d8fd5" target="_blank">A Poll</a>: …maybe the right view is the alternative we are non-physical things. We take a class poll.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<li>Introducing Descartes and his <em>Meditations</em>: Get ready to learn about the most famous dualist, and the most famous arguments for dualism.</li>
<ul>
<ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/b2981d3dd3c341de856c1ce0d20ead13" target="_blank">Descartes and the <em>Meditations</em></a>: A brief biography of René Descartes, all-round genius of the 17th Century, and a quick introduction to his <em>Meditations on First Philosophy</em>, which contain some important arguments for dualism.</li>
<li><a href="/jump_to_ID/ee4599c62a4a4d43acf9b0bf0899f80e" target="_blank">Substance vs. Property Dualism</a>: There are, in fact, two kinds of dualism; I clarify the distinction, and tell you which kind of dualist Descartes was.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/b004278e14154e8e8c69c94617d63901" target="_blank">The First Meditation</a>: A quick summary of the first of Descartes’ Meditations, to set the stage.</li>
<li>The Second Meditation: The first of two arguments for dualism we will extract is found here.</li>
<ul>
<ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/84c0c42f662f42f998e5fb7bab4e82ab" target="_blank">The Cogito</a>: After the First Meditation, Descartes is lost in a sea of doubt. In the second, he finds a solid place to stand.</li>
<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/524f93313f7b4bfaaa5c2cfa3047b664" target="_blank">The Argument of the Second Meditation</a>: That solid place forms the basis of the first argument for dualism that we can extract from the Meditations.</li>
<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/1ed95552f9eb41fead53fae70ba369d2" target="_blank">What’s the Deal with this Argument? </a>Can this argument really work? Is it that easy to show that dualism is true? MIT students weigh in.</li>
<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/86b9b4a5a2044d5296205ba410eeec48" target="_blank">The Masked Man</a>: We examine another, very similar argument, and find that something has got to be wrong.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/e870c9bffae94165bf2dba992ddf6f74" target="_blank">Meditation VI</a>: A sneak peak at the second, more powerful argument for dualism.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<p></p>
<p>You can download the Lecture 7 slides <a href="/assets/courseware/v1/477ddc118b552d8cd3b5e428b4037c68/asset-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@asset+block/24.09x_Lecture_7_Slides.key.pdf" target="_blank">here</a>.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-request-token="41929a6aed1611efb8fb0e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@vertical+block@8a3151afde44402094fb537f67ea55d7" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="vertical" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Introducing Dualism: Strong AI and Physicalism</h2>
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@html+block@8af80ccdfed14e43acdf777abaee2217">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-request-token="41929a6aed1611efb8fb0e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@html+block@8af80ccdfed14e43acdf777abaee2217" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<h1>Introducing Dualism</h1>
<p>All the theses we’ve discussed so far are <em>physicalist </em>theses—that is, they are theses according to which to build a creature with a mind it is only necessary to arrange physical ingredients in a certain way. <em>Dualism</em> is the alternative view: non-physical ingredients are required. By the end of this part of the lecture, you should have a rough understanding of the distinction, and perhaps an idea of where your sympathies lie.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@f88ef357f0e24bf78f4623f89b02b0fd">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-request-token="41929a6aed1611efb8fb0e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@f88ef357f0e24bf78f4623f89b02b0fd" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="video" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Video"}
</script>
<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video: Strong AI and Physicalism</h3>
<div
id="video_f88ef357f0e24bf78f4623f89b02b0fd"
class="video closed"
data-metadata='{"saveStateUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@f88ef357f0e24bf78f4623f89b02b0fd/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state", "completionEnabled": false, "ytTestTimeout": 1500, "autohideHtml5": false, "completionPercentage": 0.95, "poster": "https://mitx-edx-video-meta-storage.s3.amazonaws.com/media/video-images/23977283b10b45449a9ba7db4fac0e72.jpeg?Signature=0NqRj%2Fn9MreEG6HPBC8t4MjwxvA%3D&Expires=1739786832&x-amz-security-token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEEkaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJIMEYCIQCaKYYtvEIOlzEaYXrE5JhNCRtiDk0OySuFczO1tknhbQIhAJwGOu%2FMDZtg6ZXqq1Iz7QDAeah96iSVj%2Fd%2B%2FejFM4QLKrkFCHIQAxoMODU5MjA1NjM3NDExIgyQqNwRgA1gwmB7jocqlgVjdKSWTkCWZcY9StUHLJVD1D1TrPAtmd0eFL5I6Sphapj1x5j7gBbQrESEUqEdPpgJdAR9t7NyUPFKqfTWgXGS63HWBq%2FvSDb%2Bzrrw%2BgGZEqe560VGbdhKXJNRgn%2F2tf%2FBErNNywjeumF0blD%2BVpTUTDol9WqltXd2ReDDoBhOiBhbmrX38Y9laNZCIELOIsyJTM0a0kw%2BZKSxlcaPRV2h1p9ki%2F8Bn37bXLbstjjVJW2jjadv57p%2BUShEv9ECbsqutEaZ1171Hs0UF7sfcXrlnL8m8By8iS7tv5F2UNv4sqtE2YiAb2uVMRkj4xgVajITc8kUWt3HFumHj%2Fp68lp3FsnpD%2FUjYnOpr7z2y7WiveTBSgUgSLM48HZdkE8Jsv5pkoUtFofMMIvwFB1C9JgBBXzVAzcl4yfa2v2%2Bu%2BoAAzARwDSBVwR5kbgjPdwGG9lUxLpZQlrMOxM5BYnAtxWei6I2qZFgpHcNcShFHN5tbEA9nmUwKpXQTdijDRdGRiL1xK7pVygPGVk7QJmJoHsVcM8F7mG7TJ68UTgBLAph0pqoDKXvCBWsJT0U1aKd2L7IdW64SybKHQjus0EoH5AjhtiGTcm02iUdtPjYXM81spA9xp8ZYxsuMAaQHj2tr4xQhceu7Fs4t7vFtCsiK6nQbz%2FbcorULj2JniJsuK1mP72ilqEZIT61XwZYo9%2BlA0vs%2BOjfMC1DnMW21LJEKbbccz35szVyZIm4VI9DOogGy9kz%2BTqQLhjJP%2FnYoZN5L6Mw%2BLi9BbeHqi7fv%2FLIZZ4QwG6bSzpjRxEBX9mQHvvMp9cOeE2Qma5JEW3%2FxEh%2F8%2BDfL1g3iIyPlGQfUzQcZLFD8YbKtRfDq5%2Bp%2FDJsgnF%2BRX6Y6QKHKDDz9cu9BjqwAdJliY%2F71Q5ZdrlxhNZ0HLNQb6tvZyFaazjS69AaPF3E9VjBpyA%2BumOeRIkO3CnbvSVaGUTY%2Fv354D2Bpj5ELLiHb4P%2BTkEurB3yI4JJ08JcG0W%2F002GTZfwnOgPt41uvIbvfMNeOZ%2BRa6wUBqtJMZCfUS2sE58kGV6PejkWbMOWv%2FXOX8Lbk%2B08taWErc14vVNUIBRQMh02pathKKEOCTEtgs96R4R%2FklUVenrg4aTm&AWSAccessKeyId=ASIA4QDFFSURUGNGZSW5", "ytApiUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api", "sources": ["https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT2409X/MIT2409XT315-V039100_DTH.mp4", "https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT2409XT315-V039100/MIT2409XT315-V039100.m3u8"], "transcriptLanguages": {"en": "English"}, "saveStateEnabled": false, "captionDataDir": null, "recordedYoutubeIsAvailable": true, "autoAdvance": false, "duration": 134.87, "publishCompletionUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@f88ef357f0e24bf78f4623f89b02b0fd/handler/publish_completion", "transcriptTranslationUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@f88ef357f0e24bf78f4623f89b02b0fd/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__", "prioritizeHls": false, "autoplay": false, "savedVideoPosition": 0.0, "streams": "1.00:xavLhoaSerw", "speed": null, "generalSpeed": 1.0, "ytMetadataEndpoint": "", "showCaptions": "true", "start": 0.0, "transcriptLanguage": "en", "lmsRootURL": "https://openlearninglibrary.mit.edu", "end": 0.0, "transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@f88ef357f0e24bf78f4623f89b02b0fd/handler/transcript/available_translations"}'
data-bumper-metadata='null'
data-autoadvance-enabled="False"
data-poster='null'
tabindex="-1"
>
<div class="focus_grabber first"></div>
<div class="tc-wrapper">
<div class="video-wrapper">
<span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span>
<span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span>
<div class="video-player-pre"></div>
<div class="video-player">
<div id="f88ef357f0e24bf78f4623f89b02b0fd"></div>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden">
Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser.
</h4>
</div>
<div class="video-player-post"></div>
<div class="closed-captions"></div>
<div class="video-controls is-hidden">
<div>
<div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div>
<div class="secondary-controls"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="focus_grabber last"></div>
<h3 class="hd hd-4 downloads-heading sr" id="video-download-transcripts_f88ef357f0e24bf78f4623f89b02b0fd">Downloads and transcripts</h3>
<div class="wrapper-downloads" role="region" aria-labelledby="video-download-transcripts_f88ef357f0e24bf78f4623f89b02b0fd">
<div class="wrapper-download-transcripts">
<h4 class="hd hd-5">Transcripts</h4>
<ul class="list-download-transcripts">
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@f88ef357f0e24bf78f4623f89b02b0fd/handler/transcript/download" data-value="srt">Download SubRip (.srt) file</a>
</li>
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@f88ef357f0e24bf78f4623f89b02b0fd/handler/transcript/download" data-value="txt">Download Text (.txt) file</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-2" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@4027a3de45d842e8819264cfbaac9d6d">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-request-token="41929a6aed1611efb8fb0e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@4027a3de45d842e8819264cfbaac9d6d" data-graded="False" data-has-score="True" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="problem" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Problem"}
</script>
<div id="problem_4027a3de45d842e8819264cfbaac9d6d" class="problems-wrapper" role="group"
aria-labelledby="4027a3de45d842e8819264cfbaac9d6d-problem-title"
data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@4027a3de45d842e8819264cfbaac9d6d" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@4027a3de45d842e8819264cfbaac9d6d/handler/xmodule_handler"
data-problem-score="0"
data-problem-total-possible="0"
data-attempts-used="0"
data-content="
<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="4027a3de45d842e8819264cfbaac9d6d-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@4027a3de45d842e8819264cfbaac9d6d-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Problem: baking a mental cake
</h3>
<div class="problem-progress" id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@4027a3de45d842e8819264cfbaac9d6d-problem-progress"></div>
<div class="problem">
<div>
<p>The philosopher <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Dretske">Fred Dretske</a> was a physicalist. As he put it, you can &#8220;bake a mental cake using only physical yeast and flour&#8221;. Dretske meant: </p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_4027a3de45d842e8819264cfbaac9d6d_2_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_4027a3de45d842e8819264cfbaac9d6d_2_1">
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_4027a3de45d842e8819264cfbaac9d6d_2_1" id="input_4027a3de45d842e8819264cfbaac9d6d_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="4027a3de45d842e8819264cfbaac9d6d_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_4027a3de45d842e8819264cfbaac9d6d_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_4027a3de45d842e8819264cfbaac9d6d_2_1"> A minded creature can be made out of pretty much anything, including yeast and flour.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_4027a3de45d842e8819264cfbaac9d6d_2_1" id="input_4027a3de45d842e8819264cfbaac9d6d_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="4027a3de45d842e8819264cfbaac9d6d_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_4027a3de45d842e8819264cfbaac9d6d_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_4027a3de45d842e8819264cfbaac9d6d_2_1"> A cake would have a mental life if the yeast and flour were combined appropriately.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_4027a3de45d842e8819264cfbaac9d6d_2_1" id="input_4027a3de45d842e8819264cfbaac9d6d_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="4027a3de45d842e8819264cfbaac9d6d_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_4027a3de45d842e8819264cfbaac9d6d_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_4027a3de45d842e8819264cfbaac9d6d_2_1"> Mental yeast and flour is not necessary to bake a mental cake.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_4027a3de45d842e8819264cfbaac9d6d_2_1" id="input_4027a3de45d842e8819264cfbaac9d6d_2_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_3"/><label id="4027a3de45d842e8819264cfbaac9d6d_2_1-choice_3-label" for="input_4027a3de45d842e8819264cfbaac9d6d_2_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_4027a3de45d842e8819264cfbaac9d6d_2_1"> A minded creature can be made out of entirely physical ingredients.
</label>
</div>
<span id="answer_4027a3de45d842e8819264cfbaac9d6d_2_1"/>
</fieldset>
<div class="indicator-container">
<span class="status unanswered" id="status_4027a3de45d842e8819264cfbaac9d6d_2_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered.">
<span class="sr">unanswered</span><span class="status-icon" aria-hidden="true"/>
</span>
</div>
</div></div>
<div class="solution-span">
<span id="solution_4027a3de45d842e8819264cfbaac9d6d_solution_1"/>
</div></div>
<div class="action">
<input type="hidden" name="problem_id" value="Problem: baking a mental cake" />
<div class="submit-attempt-container">
<button type="button" class="submit btn-brand" data-submitting="Submitting" data-value="Submit" data-should-enable-submit-button="True" aria-describedby="submission_feedback_4027a3de45d842e8819264cfbaac9d6d" >
<span class="submit-label">Submit</span>
</button>
<div class="submission-feedback" id="submission_feedback_4027a3de45d842e8819264cfbaac9d6d">
<span class="sr">Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="problem-action-buttons-wrapper">
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-gentle-alert
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-exclamation-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="4027a3de45d842e8819264cfbaac9d6d-problem-title">
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-save
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-save" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="4027a3de45d842e8819264cfbaac9d6d-problem-title">None
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification general notification-show-answer
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-info-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="4027a3de45d842e8819264cfbaac9d6d-problem-title">Answers are displayed within the problem
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
"
data-graded="False">
<p class="loading-spinner">
<i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
<span class="sr">Loading…</span>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-request-token="41929a6aed1611efb8fb0e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@vertical+block@03e4f9fd25ca4fb585006ed0220d8fd5" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="vertical" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Introducing Dualism: A Poll</h2>
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@5d7454acf58340f2a4bb3995609c8d0a">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-request-token="41929a6aed1611efb8fb0e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@5d7454acf58340f2a4bb3995609c8d0a" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="video" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Video"}
</script>
<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video: A Poll</h3>
<div
id="video_5d7454acf58340f2a4bb3995609c8d0a"
class="video closed"
data-metadata='{"saveStateUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@5d7454acf58340f2a4bb3995609c8d0a/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state", "completionEnabled": false, "ytTestTimeout": 1500, "autohideHtml5": false, "completionPercentage": 0.95, "poster": "https://mitx-edx-video-meta-storage.s3.amazonaws.com/media/video-images/8ba850804209431fa60cef0095f0db80.jpeg?Signature=sUlGUqbzoD2mNkfKz3Mz4mKGg5I%3D&Expires=1739786832&x-amz-security-token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEEkaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJIMEYCIQCaKYYtvEIOlzEaYXrE5JhNCRtiDk0OySuFczO1tknhbQIhAJwGOu%2FMDZtg6ZXqq1Iz7QDAeah96iSVj%2Fd%2B%2FejFM4QLKrkFCHIQAxoMODU5MjA1NjM3NDExIgyQqNwRgA1gwmB7jocqlgVjdKSWTkCWZcY9StUHLJVD1D1TrPAtmd0eFL5I6Sphapj1x5j7gBbQrESEUqEdPpgJdAR9t7NyUPFKqfTWgXGS63HWBq%2FvSDb%2Bzrrw%2BgGZEqe560VGbdhKXJNRgn%2F2tf%2FBErNNywjeumF0blD%2BVpTUTDol9WqltXd2ReDDoBhOiBhbmrX38Y9laNZCIELOIsyJTM0a0kw%2BZKSxlcaPRV2h1p9ki%2F8Bn37bXLbstjjVJW2jjadv57p%2BUShEv9ECbsqutEaZ1171Hs0UF7sfcXrlnL8m8By8iS7tv5F2UNv4sqtE2YiAb2uVMRkj4xgVajITc8kUWt3HFumHj%2Fp68lp3FsnpD%2FUjYnOpr7z2y7WiveTBSgUgSLM48HZdkE8Jsv5pkoUtFofMMIvwFB1C9JgBBXzVAzcl4yfa2v2%2Bu%2BoAAzARwDSBVwR5kbgjPdwGG9lUxLpZQlrMOxM5BYnAtxWei6I2qZFgpHcNcShFHN5tbEA9nmUwKpXQTdijDRdGRiL1xK7pVygPGVk7QJmJoHsVcM8F7mG7TJ68UTgBLAph0pqoDKXvCBWsJT0U1aKd2L7IdW64SybKHQjus0EoH5AjhtiGTcm02iUdtPjYXM81spA9xp8ZYxsuMAaQHj2tr4xQhceu7Fs4t7vFtCsiK6nQbz%2FbcorULj2JniJsuK1mP72ilqEZIT61XwZYo9%2BlA0vs%2BOjfMC1DnMW21LJEKbbccz35szVyZIm4VI9DOogGy9kz%2BTqQLhjJP%2FnYoZN5L6Mw%2BLi9BbeHqi7fv%2FLIZZ4QwG6bSzpjRxEBX9mQHvvMp9cOeE2Qma5JEW3%2FxEh%2F8%2BDfL1g3iIyPlGQfUzQcZLFD8YbKtRfDq5%2Bp%2FDJsgnF%2BRX6Y6QKHKDDz9cu9BjqwAdJliY%2F71Q5ZdrlxhNZ0HLNQb6tvZyFaazjS69AaPF3E9VjBpyA%2BumOeRIkO3CnbvSVaGUTY%2Fv354D2Bpj5ELLiHb4P%2BTkEurB3yI4JJ08JcG0W%2F002GTZfwnOgPt41uvIbvfMNeOZ%2BRa6wUBqtJMZCfUS2sE58kGV6PejkWbMOWv%2FXOX8Lbk%2B08taWErc14vVNUIBRQMh02pathKKEOCTEtgs96R4R%2FklUVenrg4aTm&AWSAccessKeyId=ASIA4QDFFSURUGNGZSW5", "ytApiUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api", "sources": ["https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT2409X/MIT2409XT315-V039200_DTH.mp4", "https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT2409XT315-V039200/MIT2409XT315-V039200.m3u8"], "transcriptLanguages": {"en": "English"}, "saveStateEnabled": false, "captionDataDir": null, "recordedYoutubeIsAvailable": true, "autoAdvance": false, "duration": 200.53, "publishCompletionUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@5d7454acf58340f2a4bb3995609c8d0a/handler/publish_completion", "transcriptTranslationUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@5d7454acf58340f2a4bb3995609c8d0a/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__", "prioritizeHls": false, "autoplay": false, "savedVideoPosition": 0.0, "streams": "1.00:xC6DxtEtKbo", "speed": null, "generalSpeed": 1.0, "ytMetadataEndpoint": "", "showCaptions": "true", "start": 0.0, "transcriptLanguage": "en", "lmsRootURL": "https://openlearninglibrary.mit.edu", "end": 0.0, "transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@5d7454acf58340f2a4bb3995609c8d0a/handler/transcript/available_translations"}'
data-bumper-metadata='null'
data-autoadvance-enabled="False"
data-poster='null'
tabindex="-1"
>
<div class="focus_grabber first"></div>
<div class="tc-wrapper">
<div class="video-wrapper">
<span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span>
<span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span>
<div class="video-player-pre"></div>
<div class="video-player">
<div id="5d7454acf58340f2a4bb3995609c8d0a"></div>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden">
Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser.
</h4>
</div>
<div class="video-player-post"></div>
<div class="closed-captions"></div>
<div class="video-controls is-hidden">
<div>
<div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div>
<div class="secondary-controls"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="focus_grabber last"></div>
<h3 class="hd hd-4 downloads-heading sr" id="video-download-transcripts_5d7454acf58340f2a4bb3995609c8d0a">Downloads and transcripts</h3>
<div class="wrapper-downloads" role="region" aria-labelledby="video-download-transcripts_5d7454acf58340f2a4bb3995609c8d0a">
<div class="wrapper-download-transcripts">
<h4 class="hd hd-5">Transcripts</h4>
<ul class="list-download-transcripts">
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@5d7454acf58340f2a4bb3995609c8d0a/handler/transcript/download" data-value="srt">Download SubRip (.srt) file</a>
</li>
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@5d7454acf58340f2a4bb3995609c8d0a/handler/transcript/download" data-value="txt">Download Text (.txt) file</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-request-token="41929a6aed1611efb8fb0e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a" data-graded="False" data-has-score="True" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="problem" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Problem"}
</script>
<div id="problem_4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a" class="problems-wrapper" role="group"
aria-labelledby="4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a-problem-title"
data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a/handler/xmodule_handler"
data-problem-score="0"
data-problem-total-possible="0"
data-attempts-used="0"
data-content="
<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Problem: compatible with dualism
</h3>
<div class="problem-progress" id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a-problem-progress"></div>
<div class="problem">
<div>
<p>Which of these statements are compatible with dualism?</p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a_2_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a_2_1">
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a_2_1[]" id="input_4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_0"/><label id="4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a_2_1"> My dog Sparky will live on after he dies.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a_2_1[]" id="input_4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_1"/><label id="4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a_2_1"> Rocks are purely physical things.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a_2_1[]" id="input_4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_2"/><label id="4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a_2_1"> I can think about my grandmother.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a_2_1[]" id="input_4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a_2_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_3"/><label id="4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a_2_1-choice_3-label" for="input_4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a_2_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a_2_1"> Consciousness is a physical phenomenon just like any other.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a_2_1[]" id="input_4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a_2_1_choice_4" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_4"/><label id="4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a_2_1-choice_4-label" for="input_4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a_2_1_choice_4" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a_2_1"> Ghosts exist.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a_2_1[]" id="input_4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a_2_1_choice_5" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_5"/><label id="4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a_2_1-choice_5-label" for="input_4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a_2_1_choice_5" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a_2_1"> We can only affect the world or be affected by the world insofar as we are physical things.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a_2_1[]" id="input_4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a_2_1_choice_6" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_6"/><label id="4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a_2_1-choice_6-label" for="input_4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a_2_1_choice_6" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a_2_1"> There are two types of substances in the world: material things, like chairs and rocks and computers, and immaterial things, selves or souls with mental lives.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a_2_1[]" id="input_4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a_2_1_choice_7" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_7"/><label id="4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a_2_1-choice_7-label" for="input_4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a_2_1_choice_7" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a_2_1"> Heat and molecular kinetic energy are one and the same thing.
</label>
</div>
<span id="answer_4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a_2_1"/>
</fieldset>
<div class="indicator-container">
<span class="status unanswered" id="status_4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a_2_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered.">
<span class="sr">unanswered</span><span class="status-icon" aria-hidden="true"/>
</span>
</div>
</div></div>
</div>
<div class="action">
<input type="hidden" name="problem_id" value="Problem: compatible with dualism" />
<div class="submit-attempt-container">
<button type="button" class="submit btn-brand" data-submitting="Submitting" data-value="Submit" data-should-enable-submit-button="True" aria-describedby="submission_feedback_4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a" >
<span class="submit-label">Submit</span>
</button>
<div class="submission-feedback" id="submission_feedback_4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a">
<span class="sr">Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="problem-action-buttons-wrapper">
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-gentle-alert
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-exclamation-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a-problem-title">
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-save
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-save" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a-problem-title">None
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification general notification-show-answer
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-info-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="4125dfb6f7b8473eb3b39df5b7c1bb6a-problem-title">Answers are displayed within the problem
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
"
data-graded="False">
<p class="loading-spinner">
<i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
<span class="sr">Loading…</span>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-2" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-request-token="41929a6aed1611efb8fb0e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690" data-graded="False" data-has-score="True" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="problem" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Problem"}
</script>
<div id="problem_db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690" class="problems-wrapper" role="group"
aria-labelledby="db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690-problem-title"
data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690/handler/xmodule_handler"
data-problem-score="0"
data-problem-total-possible="0"
data-attempts-used="0"
data-content="
<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Problem: compatible with physicalism
</h3>
<div class="problem-progress" id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690-problem-progress"></div>
<div class="problem">
<div>
<p>Which of these statements are compatible with physicalism?</p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690_2_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690_2_1">
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690_2_1[]" id="input_db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_0"/><label id="db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690_2_1"> Conscious thoughts occur in the liver.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690_2_1[]" id="input_db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_1"/><label id="db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690_2_1"> Rocks are purely physical things.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690_2_1[]" id="input_db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_2"/><label id="db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690_2_1"> A heart transplant makes the patient unable to love.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690_2_1[]" id="input_db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690_2_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_3"/><label id="db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690_2_1-choice_3-label" for="input_db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690_2_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690_2_1"> Consciousness is a physical process just like any other.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690_2_1[]" id="input_db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690_2_1_choice_4" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_4"/><label id="db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690_2_1-choice_4-label" for="input_db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690_2_1_choice_4" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690_2_1"> Anyone born in Scotland is not conscious.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690_2_1[]" id="input_db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690_2_1_choice_5" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_5"/><label id="db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690_2_1-choice_5-label" for="input_db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690_2_1_choice_5" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690_2_1"> We can only affect the world or be affected by the world insofar as we are physical things.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690_2_1[]" id="input_db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690_2_1_choice_6" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_6"/><label id="db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690_2_1-choice_6-label" for="input_db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690_2_1_choice_6" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690_2_1"> There are two types of substances in the world: material things, like chairs and rocks and computers, and immaterial things, like minds.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690_2_1[]" id="input_db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690_2_1_choice_7" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_7"/><label id="db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690_2_1-choice_7-label" for="input_db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690_2_1_choice_7" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690_2_1"> Heat and molecular kinetic energy are one and the same thing.
</label>
</div>
<span id="answer_db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690_2_1"/>
</fieldset>
<div class="indicator-container">
<span class="status unanswered" id="status_db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690_2_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered.">
<span class="sr">unanswered</span><span class="status-icon" aria-hidden="true"/>
</span>
</div>
</div></div>
</div>
<div class="action">
<input type="hidden" name="problem_id" value="Problem: compatible with physicalism" />
<div class="submit-attempt-container">
<button type="button" class="submit btn-brand" data-submitting="Submitting" data-value="Submit" data-should-enable-submit-button="True" aria-describedby="submission_feedback_db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690" >
<span class="submit-label">Submit</span>
</button>
<div class="submission-feedback" id="submission_feedback_db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690">
<span class="sr">Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="problem-action-buttons-wrapper">
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-gentle-alert
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-exclamation-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690-problem-title">
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-save
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-save" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690-problem-title">None
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification general notification-show-answer
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-info-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="db536b209a704ad3a0583c3f8e547690-problem-title">Answers are displayed within the problem
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
"
data-graded="False">
<p class="loading-spinner">
<i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
<span class="sr">Loading…</span>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-request-token="41929a6aed1611efb8fb0e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@vertical+block@b2981d3dd3c341de856c1ce0d20ead13" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="vertical" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Introducing Descartes and his Meditations: Descartes and the Meditations</h2>
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@html+block@742f31cda25c42d1b89fb623c9c532bc">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-request-token="41929a6aed1611efb8fb0e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@html+block@742f31cda25c42d1b89fb623c9c532bc" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<h1>Introducing Descartes and his <em>Meditations</em></h1>
<p><a href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes/">René Descartes</a> was a French mathematician, philosopher, and scientist. He wrote what is perhaps the most famous work in Western Philosophy: <em>Meditations on First Philosophy</em>, published in Latin in 1641. It is important to us because it contains some of the best arguments for dualism.</p>
<p>By the end of this part of the lecture you’ll know a little about the man and his views on the mind.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@86e63f44b2994ff58feb6301de2043f7">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-request-token="41929a6aed1611efb8fb0e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@86e63f44b2994ff58feb6301de2043f7" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="video" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Video"}
</script>
<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video: Descartes and the Meditations</h3>
<div
id="video_86e63f44b2994ff58feb6301de2043f7"
class="video closed"
data-metadata='{"saveStateUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@86e63f44b2994ff58feb6301de2043f7/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state", "completionEnabled": false, "ytTestTimeout": 1500, "autohideHtml5": false, "completionPercentage": 0.95, "poster": "https://mitx-edx-video-meta-storage.s3.amazonaws.com/media/video-images/d34ddbe9cba74ce7b1efb1b08bea73b2.jpeg?Signature=v%2FI0ywVyzLuEO7AHapOkMn49cN8%3D&Expires=1739786832&x-amz-security-token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEEkaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJIMEYCIQCaKYYtvEIOlzEaYXrE5JhNCRtiDk0OySuFczO1tknhbQIhAJwGOu%2FMDZtg6ZXqq1Iz7QDAeah96iSVj%2Fd%2B%2FejFM4QLKrkFCHIQAxoMODU5MjA1NjM3NDExIgyQqNwRgA1gwmB7jocqlgVjdKSWTkCWZcY9StUHLJVD1D1TrPAtmd0eFL5I6Sphapj1x5j7gBbQrESEUqEdPpgJdAR9t7NyUPFKqfTWgXGS63HWBq%2FvSDb%2Bzrrw%2BgGZEqe560VGbdhKXJNRgn%2F2tf%2FBErNNywjeumF0blD%2BVpTUTDol9WqltXd2ReDDoBhOiBhbmrX38Y9laNZCIELOIsyJTM0a0kw%2BZKSxlcaPRV2h1p9ki%2F8Bn37bXLbstjjVJW2jjadv57p%2BUShEv9ECbsqutEaZ1171Hs0UF7sfcXrlnL8m8By8iS7tv5F2UNv4sqtE2YiAb2uVMRkj4xgVajITc8kUWt3HFumHj%2Fp68lp3FsnpD%2FUjYnOpr7z2y7WiveTBSgUgSLM48HZdkE8Jsv5pkoUtFofMMIvwFB1C9JgBBXzVAzcl4yfa2v2%2Bu%2BoAAzARwDSBVwR5kbgjPdwGG9lUxLpZQlrMOxM5BYnAtxWei6I2qZFgpHcNcShFHN5tbEA9nmUwKpXQTdijDRdGRiL1xK7pVygPGVk7QJmJoHsVcM8F7mG7TJ68UTgBLAph0pqoDKXvCBWsJT0U1aKd2L7IdW64SybKHQjus0EoH5AjhtiGTcm02iUdtPjYXM81spA9xp8ZYxsuMAaQHj2tr4xQhceu7Fs4t7vFtCsiK6nQbz%2FbcorULj2JniJsuK1mP72ilqEZIT61XwZYo9%2BlA0vs%2BOjfMC1DnMW21LJEKbbccz35szVyZIm4VI9DOogGy9kz%2BTqQLhjJP%2FnYoZN5L6Mw%2BLi9BbeHqi7fv%2FLIZZ4QwG6bSzpjRxEBX9mQHvvMp9cOeE2Qma5JEW3%2FxEh%2F8%2BDfL1g3iIyPlGQfUzQcZLFD8YbKtRfDq5%2Bp%2FDJsgnF%2BRX6Y6QKHKDDz9cu9BjqwAdJliY%2F71Q5ZdrlxhNZ0HLNQb6tvZyFaazjS69AaPF3E9VjBpyA%2BumOeRIkO3CnbvSVaGUTY%2Fv354D2Bpj5ELLiHb4P%2BTkEurB3yI4JJ08JcG0W%2F002GTZfwnOgPt41uvIbvfMNeOZ%2BRa6wUBqtJMZCfUS2sE58kGV6PejkWbMOWv%2FXOX8Lbk%2B08taWErc14vVNUIBRQMh02pathKKEOCTEtgs96R4R%2FklUVenrg4aTm&AWSAccessKeyId=ASIA4QDFFSURUGNGZSW5", "ytApiUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api", "sources": ["https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT2409X/MIT2409XT315-V039700_DTH.mp4", "https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT2409XT315-V039700/MIT2409XT315-V039700.m3u8"], "transcriptLanguages": {"en": "English"}, "saveStateEnabled": false, "captionDataDir": null, "recordedYoutubeIsAvailable": true, "autoAdvance": false, "duration": 369.67, "publishCompletionUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@86e63f44b2994ff58feb6301de2043f7/handler/publish_completion", "transcriptTranslationUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@86e63f44b2994ff58feb6301de2043f7/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__", "prioritizeHls": false, "autoplay": false, "savedVideoPosition": 0.0, "streams": "1.00:FkJpfqby-qE", "speed": null, "generalSpeed": 1.0, "ytMetadataEndpoint": "", "showCaptions": "true", "start": 0.0, "transcriptLanguage": "en", "lmsRootURL": "https://openlearninglibrary.mit.edu", "end": 0.0, "transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@86e63f44b2994ff58feb6301de2043f7/handler/transcript/available_translations"}'
data-bumper-metadata='null'
data-autoadvance-enabled="False"
data-poster='null'
tabindex="-1"
>
<div class="focus_grabber first"></div>
<div class="tc-wrapper">
<div class="video-wrapper">
<span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span>
<span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span>
<div class="video-player-pre"></div>
<div class="video-player">
<div id="86e63f44b2994ff58feb6301de2043f7"></div>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden">
Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser.
</h4>
</div>
<div class="video-player-post"></div>
<div class="closed-captions"></div>
<div class="video-controls is-hidden">
<div>
<div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div>
<div class="secondary-controls"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="focus_grabber last"></div>
<h3 class="hd hd-4 downloads-heading sr" id="video-download-transcripts_86e63f44b2994ff58feb6301de2043f7">Downloads and transcripts</h3>
<div class="wrapper-downloads" role="region" aria-labelledby="video-download-transcripts_86e63f44b2994ff58feb6301de2043f7">
<div class="wrapper-download-transcripts">
<h4 class="hd hd-5">Transcripts</h4>
<ul class="list-download-transcripts">
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@86e63f44b2994ff58feb6301de2043f7/handler/transcript/download" data-value="srt">Download SubRip (.srt) file</a>
</li>
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@86e63f44b2994ff58feb6301de2043f7/handler/transcript/download" data-value="txt">Download Text (.txt) file</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-2" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-request-token="41929a6aed1611efb8fb0e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d" data-graded="False" data-has-score="True" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="problem" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Problem"}
</script>
<div id="problem_221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d" class="problems-wrapper" role="group"
aria-labelledby="221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d-problem-title"
data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d/handler/xmodule_handler"
data-problem-score="0"
data-problem-total-possible="0"
data-attempts-used="0"
data-content="
<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Problem: take-home
</h3>
<div class="problem-progress" id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d-problem-progress"></div>
<div class="problem">
<div>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><p>Which one of these Descartes-endorsed claims is most relevant for our discussion?</p>
<div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d_2_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d_2_1">
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d_2_1" id="input_221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d_2_1"> Stamping on someone&#8217;s foot causes pain.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d_2_1" id="input_221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d_2_1"> The mind has thoughts and it can think about itself.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d_2_1" id="input_221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d_2_1"> I think, therefore I exist. (Cogito, ergo sum.)
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d_2_1" id="input_221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d_2_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_3"/><label id="221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d_2_1-choice_3-label" for="input_221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d_2_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d_2_1"> God exists and is not a deceiver.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d_2_1" id="input_221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d_2_1_choice_4" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_4"/><label id="221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d_2_1-choice_4-label" for="input_221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d_2_1_choice_4" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d_2_1"> The mind is better known than the human body.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d_2_1" id="input_221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d_2_1_choice_5" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_5"/><label id="221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d_2_1-choice_5-label" for="input_221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d_2_1_choice_5" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d_2_1"> Bodies are extended things.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d_2_1" id="input_221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d_2_1_choice_6" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_6"/><label id="221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d_2_1-choice_6-label" for="input_221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d_2_1_choice_6" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d_2_1"> The mind is a thinking, non-extended thing which can affect the body, and vice-versa.
</label>
</div>
<span id="answer_221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d_2_1"/>
</fieldset>
<div class="indicator-container">
<span class="status unanswered" id="status_221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d_2_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered.">
<span class="sr">unanswered</span><span class="status-icon" aria-hidden="true"/>
</span>
</div>
</div><div class="solution-span">
<span id="solution_221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d_solution_1"/>
</div></div>
</div>
<div class="action">
<input type="hidden" name="problem_id" value="Problem: take-home" />
<div class="submit-attempt-container">
<button type="button" class="submit btn-brand" data-submitting="Submitting" data-value="Submit" data-should-enable-submit-button="True" aria-describedby="submission_feedback_221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d" >
<span class="submit-label">Submit</span>
</button>
<div class="submission-feedback" id="submission_feedback_221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d">
<span class="sr">Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="problem-action-buttons-wrapper">
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-gentle-alert
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-exclamation-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d-problem-title">
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-save
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-save" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d-problem-title">None
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification general notification-show-answer
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-info-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="221bcda2b1834e4789fd1b55ba03450d-problem-title">Answers are displayed within the problem
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
"
data-graded="False">
<p class="loading-spinner">
<i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
<span class="sr">Loading…</span>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-request-token="41929a6aed1611efb8fb0e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@vertical+block@ee4599c62a4a4d43acf9b0bf0899f80e" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="vertical" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Introducing Descartes and his Meditations: Substance vs. Property Dualism</h2>
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@html+block@c1667b5e44ce4d62bf4fb7432914f2c4">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-request-token="41929a6aed1611efb8fb0e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@html+block@c1667b5e44ce4d62bf4fb7432914f2c4" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<p>Before we move on to the arguments, I want to draw your attention to a distinction which will be helpful later. That distinction is between what philosophers call <em>substance dualism</em> and <em>property dualism</em>. I’ll explain below.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@bcdc52ee2af442deaaacbc93c894487f">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-request-token="41929a6aed1611efb8fb0e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@bcdc52ee2af442deaaacbc93c894487f" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="video" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Video"}
</script>
<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video: Substance vs. Property Dualism</h3>
<div
id="video_bcdc52ee2af442deaaacbc93c894487f"
class="video closed"
data-metadata='{"saveStateUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@bcdc52ee2af442deaaacbc93c894487f/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state", "completionEnabled": false, "ytTestTimeout": 1500, "autohideHtml5": false, "completionPercentage": 0.95, "poster": "https://mitx-edx-video-meta-storage.s3.amazonaws.com/media/video-images/d370bac63b314c56a702d059e96561e5.jpeg?Signature=uSNhJX%2BmTuWeKRgbMisdrM0P2iw%3D&Expires=1739786832&x-amz-security-token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEEkaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJIMEYCIQCaKYYtvEIOlzEaYXrE5JhNCRtiDk0OySuFczO1tknhbQIhAJwGOu%2FMDZtg6ZXqq1Iz7QDAeah96iSVj%2Fd%2B%2FejFM4QLKrkFCHIQAxoMODU5MjA1NjM3NDExIgyQqNwRgA1gwmB7jocqlgVjdKSWTkCWZcY9StUHLJVD1D1TrPAtmd0eFL5I6Sphapj1x5j7gBbQrESEUqEdPpgJdAR9t7NyUPFKqfTWgXGS63HWBq%2FvSDb%2Bzrrw%2BgGZEqe560VGbdhKXJNRgn%2F2tf%2FBErNNywjeumF0blD%2BVpTUTDol9WqltXd2ReDDoBhOiBhbmrX38Y9laNZCIELOIsyJTM0a0kw%2BZKSxlcaPRV2h1p9ki%2F8Bn37bXLbstjjVJW2jjadv57p%2BUShEv9ECbsqutEaZ1171Hs0UF7sfcXrlnL8m8By8iS7tv5F2UNv4sqtE2YiAb2uVMRkj4xgVajITc8kUWt3HFumHj%2Fp68lp3FsnpD%2FUjYnOpr7z2y7WiveTBSgUgSLM48HZdkE8Jsv5pkoUtFofMMIvwFB1C9JgBBXzVAzcl4yfa2v2%2Bu%2BoAAzARwDSBVwR5kbgjPdwGG9lUxLpZQlrMOxM5BYnAtxWei6I2qZFgpHcNcShFHN5tbEA9nmUwKpXQTdijDRdGRiL1xK7pVygPGVk7QJmJoHsVcM8F7mG7TJ68UTgBLAph0pqoDKXvCBWsJT0U1aKd2L7IdW64SybKHQjus0EoH5AjhtiGTcm02iUdtPjYXM81spA9xp8ZYxsuMAaQHj2tr4xQhceu7Fs4t7vFtCsiK6nQbz%2FbcorULj2JniJsuK1mP72ilqEZIT61XwZYo9%2BlA0vs%2BOjfMC1DnMW21LJEKbbccz35szVyZIm4VI9DOogGy9kz%2BTqQLhjJP%2FnYoZN5L6Mw%2BLi9BbeHqi7fv%2FLIZZ4QwG6bSzpjRxEBX9mQHvvMp9cOeE2Qma5JEW3%2FxEh%2F8%2BDfL1g3iIyPlGQfUzQcZLFD8YbKtRfDq5%2Bp%2FDJsgnF%2BRX6Y6QKHKDDz9cu9BjqwAdJliY%2F71Q5ZdrlxhNZ0HLNQb6tvZyFaazjS69AaPF3E9VjBpyA%2BumOeRIkO3CnbvSVaGUTY%2Fv354D2Bpj5ELLiHb4P%2BTkEurB3yI4JJ08JcG0W%2F002GTZfwnOgPt41uvIbvfMNeOZ%2BRa6wUBqtJMZCfUS2sE58kGV6PejkWbMOWv%2FXOX8Lbk%2B08taWErc14vVNUIBRQMh02pathKKEOCTEtgs96R4R%2FklUVenrg4aTm&AWSAccessKeyId=ASIA4QDFFSURUGNGZSW5", "ytApiUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api", "sources": ["https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT2409X/MIT2409XT315-V039500_DTH.mp4", "https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT2409XT315-V039500/MIT2409XT315-V039500.m3u8"], "transcriptLanguages": {"en": "English"}, "saveStateEnabled": false, "captionDataDir": null, "recordedYoutubeIsAvailable": true, "autoAdvance": false, "duration": 291.69, "publishCompletionUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@bcdc52ee2af442deaaacbc93c894487f/handler/publish_completion", "transcriptTranslationUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@bcdc52ee2af442deaaacbc93c894487f/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__", "prioritizeHls": false, "autoplay": false, "savedVideoPosition": 0.0, "streams": "1.00:DJkHb-wX7VA", "speed": null, "generalSpeed": 1.0, "ytMetadataEndpoint": "", "showCaptions": "true", "start": 0.0, "transcriptLanguage": "en", "lmsRootURL": "https://openlearninglibrary.mit.edu", "end": 0.0, "transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@bcdc52ee2af442deaaacbc93c894487f/handler/transcript/available_translations"}'
data-bumper-metadata='null'
data-autoadvance-enabled="False"
data-poster='null'
tabindex="-1"
>
<div class="focus_grabber first"></div>
<div class="tc-wrapper">
<div class="video-wrapper">
<span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span>
<span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span>
<div class="video-player-pre"></div>
<div class="video-player">
<div id="bcdc52ee2af442deaaacbc93c894487f"></div>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden">
Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser.
</h4>
</div>
<div class="video-player-post"></div>
<div class="closed-captions"></div>
<div class="video-controls is-hidden">
<div>
<div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div>
<div class="secondary-controls"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="focus_grabber last"></div>
<h3 class="hd hd-4 downloads-heading sr" id="video-download-transcripts_bcdc52ee2af442deaaacbc93c894487f">Downloads and transcripts</h3>
<div class="wrapper-downloads" role="region" aria-labelledby="video-download-transcripts_bcdc52ee2af442deaaacbc93c894487f">
<div class="wrapper-download-transcripts">
<h4 class="hd hd-5">Transcripts</h4>
<ul class="list-download-transcripts">
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@bcdc52ee2af442deaaacbc93c894487f/handler/transcript/download" data-value="srt">Download SubRip (.srt) file</a>
</li>
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@bcdc52ee2af442deaaacbc93c894487f/handler/transcript/download" data-value="txt">Download Text (.txt) file</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-2" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@html+block@51471877f7ec48f294dc632316529675">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-request-token="41929a6aed1611efb8fb0e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@html+block@51471877f7ec48f294dc632316529675" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<p>Note 1: Descartes was a substance dualist, but (among academic philosophers) contemporary dualists are typically property dualists.</p>
<p>Note 2: <a href="https://pages.shanti.virginia.edu/bg8y/">Brie Gertler</a>, mentioned in the segment, is a philosopher who teaches at the University of Virginia.</p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-3" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@c048ff401dd3442f98955fe262be3ac6">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-request-token="41929a6aed1611efb8fb0e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@c048ff401dd3442f98955fe262be3ac6" data-graded="False" data-has-score="True" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="problem" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Problem"}
</script>
<div id="problem_c048ff401dd3442f98955fe262be3ac6" class="problems-wrapper" role="group"
aria-labelledby="c048ff401dd3442f98955fe262be3ac6-problem-title"
data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@c048ff401dd3442f98955fe262be3ac6" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@c048ff401dd3442f98955fe262be3ac6/handler/xmodule_handler"
data-problem-score="0"
data-problem-total-possible="0"
data-attempts-used="0"
data-content="
<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="c048ff401dd3442f98955fe262be3ac6-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@c048ff401dd3442f98955fe262be3ac6-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Problem: main difference
</h3>
<div class="problem-progress" id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@c048ff401dd3442f98955fe262be3ac6-problem-progress"></div>
<div class="problem">
<div>
<p>What is the main point of difference between substance dualism and property dualism?</p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="inputtype option-input ">
<select name="input_c048ff401dd3442f98955fe262be3ac6_2_1" id="input_c048ff401dd3442f98955fe262be3ac6_2_1" aria-describedby="status_c048ff401dd3442f98955fe262be3ac6_2_1">
<option value="option_c048ff401dd3442f98955fe262be3ac6_2_1_dummy_default">Select an option</option>
<option value="whether mental properties exist"> whether mental properties exist</option>
<option value="whether there are non-physical particular things"> whether there are non-physical particular things</option>
<option value="whether minds are properties or minds are substances"> whether minds are properties or minds are substances</option>
<option value="their plausibility"> their plausibility</option>
</select>
<div class="indicator-container">
<span class="status unanswered" id="status_c048ff401dd3442f98955fe262be3ac6_2_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered.">
<span class="sr">unanswered</span><span class="status-icon" aria-hidden="true"/>
</span>
</div>
<p class="answer" id="answer_c048ff401dd3442f98955fe262be3ac6_2_1"/>
</div></div>
<div class="solution-span">
<span id="solution_c048ff401dd3442f98955fe262be3ac6_solution_1"/>
</div></div>
<div class="action">
<input type="hidden" name="problem_id" value="Problem: main difference" />
<div class="submit-attempt-container">
<button type="button" class="submit btn-brand" data-submitting="Submitting" data-value="Submit" data-should-enable-submit-button="True" aria-describedby="submission_feedback_c048ff401dd3442f98955fe262be3ac6" >
<span class="submit-label">Submit</span>
</button>
<div class="submission-feedback" id="submission_feedback_c048ff401dd3442f98955fe262be3ac6">
<span class="sr">Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="problem-action-buttons-wrapper">
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-gentle-alert
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-exclamation-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="c048ff401dd3442f98955fe262be3ac6-problem-title">
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-save
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-save" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="c048ff401dd3442f98955fe262be3ac6-problem-title">None
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification general notification-show-answer
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-info-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="c048ff401dd3442f98955fe262be3ac6-problem-title">Answers are displayed within the problem
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
"
data-graded="False">
<p class="loading-spinner">
<i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
<span class="sr">Loading…</span>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-request-token="41929a6aed1611efb8fb0e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@vertical+block@b004278e14154e8e8c69c94617d63901" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="vertical" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">The First Meditation</h2>
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@html+block@278b2183a9d04388a84d5584708d2fe4">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-request-token="41929a6aed1611efb8fb0e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@html+block@278b2183a9d04388a84d5584708d2fe4" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<h1>The First Meditation</h1>
<p>The <em>Meditations</em> is a pretty thrilling read, and (as far as philosophy goes) amazingly accessible. Below I’ll give you a quick summary of the First Meditation, to set the stage for the parts that are most important to us. By the end of this part of the lecture you should understand how Descartes conceived of the project of the <i>Meditations</i>.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@928b9154d5a2474eaf956a83d72618fb">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-request-token="41929a6aed1611efb8fb0e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@928b9154d5a2474eaf956a83d72618fb" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="video" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Video"}
</script>
<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video: The First Meditation</h3>
<div
id="video_928b9154d5a2474eaf956a83d72618fb"
class="video closed"
data-metadata='{"saveStateUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@928b9154d5a2474eaf956a83d72618fb/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state", "completionEnabled": false, "ytTestTimeout": 1500, "autohideHtml5": false, "completionPercentage": 0.95, "poster": "https://mitx-edx-video-meta-storage.s3.amazonaws.com/media/video-images/683054e8e2b24c8f9475e968fb6fa1f1.jpeg?Signature=LaHP5dxvTnRqoG3T1C1QEA3PCMs%3D&Expires=1739786833&x-amz-security-token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEEkaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJIMEYCIQCaKYYtvEIOlzEaYXrE5JhNCRtiDk0OySuFczO1tknhbQIhAJwGOu%2FMDZtg6ZXqq1Iz7QDAeah96iSVj%2Fd%2B%2FejFM4QLKrkFCHIQAxoMODU5MjA1NjM3NDExIgyQqNwRgA1gwmB7jocqlgVjdKSWTkCWZcY9StUHLJVD1D1TrPAtmd0eFL5I6Sphapj1x5j7gBbQrESEUqEdPpgJdAR9t7NyUPFKqfTWgXGS63HWBq%2FvSDb%2Bzrrw%2BgGZEqe560VGbdhKXJNRgn%2F2tf%2FBErNNywjeumF0blD%2BVpTUTDol9WqltXd2ReDDoBhOiBhbmrX38Y9laNZCIELOIsyJTM0a0kw%2BZKSxlcaPRV2h1p9ki%2F8Bn37bXLbstjjVJW2jjadv57p%2BUShEv9ECbsqutEaZ1171Hs0UF7sfcXrlnL8m8By8iS7tv5F2UNv4sqtE2YiAb2uVMRkj4xgVajITc8kUWt3HFumHj%2Fp68lp3FsnpD%2FUjYnOpr7z2y7WiveTBSgUgSLM48HZdkE8Jsv5pkoUtFofMMIvwFB1C9JgBBXzVAzcl4yfa2v2%2Bu%2BoAAzARwDSBVwR5kbgjPdwGG9lUxLpZQlrMOxM5BYnAtxWei6I2qZFgpHcNcShFHN5tbEA9nmUwKpXQTdijDRdGRiL1xK7pVygPGVk7QJmJoHsVcM8F7mG7TJ68UTgBLAph0pqoDKXvCBWsJT0U1aKd2L7IdW64SybKHQjus0EoH5AjhtiGTcm02iUdtPjYXM81spA9xp8ZYxsuMAaQHj2tr4xQhceu7Fs4t7vFtCsiK6nQbz%2FbcorULj2JniJsuK1mP72ilqEZIT61XwZYo9%2BlA0vs%2BOjfMC1DnMW21LJEKbbccz35szVyZIm4VI9DOogGy9kz%2BTqQLhjJP%2FnYoZN5L6Mw%2BLi9BbeHqi7fv%2FLIZZ4QwG6bSzpjRxEBX9mQHvvMp9cOeE2Qma5JEW3%2FxEh%2F8%2BDfL1g3iIyPlGQfUzQcZLFD8YbKtRfDq5%2Bp%2FDJsgnF%2BRX6Y6QKHKDDz9cu9BjqwAdJliY%2F71Q5ZdrlxhNZ0HLNQb6tvZyFaazjS69AaPF3E9VjBpyA%2BumOeRIkO3CnbvSVaGUTY%2Fv354D2Bpj5ELLiHb4P%2BTkEurB3yI4JJ08JcG0W%2F002GTZfwnOgPt41uvIbvfMNeOZ%2BRa6wUBqtJMZCfUS2sE58kGV6PejkWbMOWv%2FXOX8Lbk%2B08taWErc14vVNUIBRQMh02pathKKEOCTEtgs96R4R%2FklUVenrg4aTm&AWSAccessKeyId=ASIA4QDFFSURUGNGZSW5", "ytApiUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api", "sources": ["https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT2409X/MIT2409XT315-V039300_DTH.mp4", "https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT2409XT315-V039300/MIT2409XT315-V039300.m3u8"], "transcriptLanguages": {"en": "English"}, "saveStateEnabled": false, "captionDataDir": null, "recordedYoutubeIsAvailable": true, "autoAdvance": false, "duration": 228.36, "publishCompletionUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@928b9154d5a2474eaf956a83d72618fb/handler/publish_completion", "transcriptTranslationUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@928b9154d5a2474eaf956a83d72618fb/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__", "prioritizeHls": false, "autoplay": false, "savedVideoPosition": 0.0, "streams": "1.00:8N_MpmJM-GE", "speed": null, "generalSpeed": 1.0, "ytMetadataEndpoint": "", "showCaptions": "true", "start": 0.0, "transcriptLanguage": "en", "lmsRootURL": "https://openlearninglibrary.mit.edu", "end": 0.0, "transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@928b9154d5a2474eaf956a83d72618fb/handler/transcript/available_translations"}'
data-bumper-metadata='null'
data-autoadvance-enabled="False"
data-poster='null'
tabindex="-1"
>
<div class="focus_grabber first"></div>
<div class="tc-wrapper">
<div class="video-wrapper">
<span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span>
<span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span>
<div class="video-player-pre"></div>
<div class="video-player">
<div id="928b9154d5a2474eaf956a83d72618fb"></div>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden">
Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser.
</h4>
</div>
<div class="video-player-post"></div>
<div class="closed-captions"></div>
<div class="video-controls is-hidden">
<div>
<div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div>
<div class="secondary-controls"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="focus_grabber last"></div>
<h3 class="hd hd-4 downloads-heading sr" id="video-download-transcripts_928b9154d5a2474eaf956a83d72618fb">Downloads and transcripts</h3>
<div class="wrapper-downloads" role="region" aria-labelledby="video-download-transcripts_928b9154d5a2474eaf956a83d72618fb">
<div class="wrapper-download-transcripts">
<h4 class="hd hd-5">Transcripts</h4>
<ul class="list-download-transcripts">
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@928b9154d5a2474eaf956a83d72618fb/handler/transcript/download" data-value="srt">Download SubRip (.srt) file</a>
</li>
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@928b9154d5a2474eaf956a83d72618fb/handler/transcript/download" data-value="txt">Download Text (.txt) file</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-2" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-request-token="41929a6aed1611efb8fb0e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef" data-graded="False" data-has-score="True" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="problem" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Problem"}
</script>
<div id="problem_0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef" class="problems-wrapper" role="group"
aria-labelledby="0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef-problem-title"
data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef/handler/xmodule_handler"
data-problem-score="0"
data-problem-total-possible="0"
data-attempts-used="0"
data-content="
<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Problem: what Descartes learned
</h3>
<div class="problem-progress" id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef-problem-progress"></div>
<div class="problem">
<div>
<p>What has Descartes (supposedly) learned?</p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef_2_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef_2_1">
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef_2_1" id="input_0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef_2_1"> that he has no friends
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef_2_1" id="input_0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef_2_1"> that almost everything he formerly believed can be cast into doubt
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef_2_1" id="input_0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef_2_1"> that an evil demon is deceiving him
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef_2_1" id="input_0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef_2_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_3"/><label id="0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef_2_1-choice_3-label" for="input_0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef_2_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef_2_1"> that he is dreaming
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef_2_1" id="input_0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef_2_1_choice_4" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_4"/><label id="0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef_2_1-choice_4-label" for="input_0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef_2_1_choice_4" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef_2_1"> that God would not deceive him
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef_2_1" id="input_0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef_2_1_choice_5" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_5"/><label id="0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef_2_1-choice_5-label" for="input_0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef_2_1_choice_5" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef_2_1"> that he isn&#8217;t seated by the fire in his dressing gown
</label>
</div>
<span id="answer_0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef_2_1"/>
</fieldset>
<div class="indicator-container">
<span class="status unanswered" id="status_0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef_2_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered.">
<span class="sr">unanswered</span><span class="status-icon" aria-hidden="true"/>
</span>
</div>
</div></div>
<div class="solution-span">
<span id="solution_0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef_solution_1"/>
</div></div>
<div class="action">
<input type="hidden" name="problem_id" value="Problem: what Descartes learned" />
<div class="submit-attempt-container">
<button type="button" class="submit btn-brand" data-submitting="Submitting" data-value="Submit" data-should-enable-submit-button="True" aria-describedby="submission_feedback_0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef" >
<span class="submit-label">Submit</span>
</button>
<div class="submission-feedback" id="submission_feedback_0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef">
<span class="sr">Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="problem-action-buttons-wrapper">
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-gentle-alert
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-exclamation-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef-problem-title">
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-save
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-save" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef-problem-title">None
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification general notification-show-answer
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-info-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="0bf0925b060a4ff599bb5835088812ef-problem-title">Answers are displayed within the problem
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
"
data-graded="False">
<p class="loading-spinner">
<i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
<span class="sr">Loading…</span>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-request-token="41929a6aed1611efb8fb0e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@vertical+block@84c0c42f662f42f998e5fb7bab4e82ab" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="vertical" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">The Second Meditation: The Cogito</h2>
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@html+block@8cc3b811b53e403aa752897bda86d32e">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-request-token="41929a6aed1611efb8fb0e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@html+block@8cc3b811b53e403aa752897bda86d32e" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<h1>The Second Meditation</h1>
<p>This section is the core of this lecture. By the end of it you should know what the first of Descartes’ arguments for dualism is, and you should have come to some preliminary assessment of it.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@html+block@5d5725f2e52d4d689765af3e9aff50d8">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-request-token="41929a6aed1611efb8fb0e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@html+block@5d5725f2e52d4d689765af3e9aff50d8" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<p>Before getting to the argument, we’ll need to see how Descartes responds to the sea of doubts in which he is lost by the end of the First Meditation…</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-2" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@739622c54e334a7580a7ac8aa3b49f7a">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-request-token="41929a6aed1611efb8fb0e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@739622c54e334a7580a7ac8aa3b49f7a" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="video" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Video"}
</script>
<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video: The Cogito</h3>
<div
id="video_739622c54e334a7580a7ac8aa3b49f7a"
class="video closed"
data-metadata='{"saveStateUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@739622c54e334a7580a7ac8aa3b49f7a/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state", "completionEnabled": false, "ytTestTimeout": 1500, "autohideHtml5": false, "completionPercentage": 0.95, "poster": "https://mitx-edx-video-meta-storage.s3.amazonaws.com/media/video-images/b9baa1214a364cbca94f8c92887e778a.jpeg?Signature=sEbsQk1sZnIWdK2UDLkR%2FDKO0Ow%3D&Expires=1739786833&x-amz-security-token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEEkaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJIMEYCIQCaKYYtvEIOlzEaYXrE5JhNCRtiDk0OySuFczO1tknhbQIhAJwGOu%2FMDZtg6ZXqq1Iz7QDAeah96iSVj%2Fd%2B%2FejFM4QLKrkFCHIQAxoMODU5MjA1NjM3NDExIgyQqNwRgA1gwmB7jocqlgVjdKSWTkCWZcY9StUHLJVD1D1TrPAtmd0eFL5I6Sphapj1x5j7gBbQrESEUqEdPpgJdAR9t7NyUPFKqfTWgXGS63HWBq%2FvSDb%2Bzrrw%2BgGZEqe560VGbdhKXJNRgn%2F2tf%2FBErNNywjeumF0blD%2BVpTUTDol9WqltXd2ReDDoBhOiBhbmrX38Y9laNZCIELOIsyJTM0a0kw%2BZKSxlcaPRV2h1p9ki%2F8Bn37bXLbstjjVJW2jjadv57p%2BUShEv9ECbsqutEaZ1171Hs0UF7sfcXrlnL8m8By8iS7tv5F2UNv4sqtE2YiAb2uVMRkj4xgVajITc8kUWt3HFumHj%2Fp68lp3FsnpD%2FUjYnOpr7z2y7WiveTBSgUgSLM48HZdkE8Jsv5pkoUtFofMMIvwFB1C9JgBBXzVAzcl4yfa2v2%2Bu%2BoAAzARwDSBVwR5kbgjPdwGG9lUxLpZQlrMOxM5BYnAtxWei6I2qZFgpHcNcShFHN5tbEA9nmUwKpXQTdijDRdGRiL1xK7pVygPGVk7QJmJoHsVcM8F7mG7TJ68UTgBLAph0pqoDKXvCBWsJT0U1aKd2L7IdW64SybKHQjus0EoH5AjhtiGTcm02iUdtPjYXM81spA9xp8ZYxsuMAaQHj2tr4xQhceu7Fs4t7vFtCsiK6nQbz%2FbcorULj2JniJsuK1mP72ilqEZIT61XwZYo9%2BlA0vs%2BOjfMC1DnMW21LJEKbbccz35szVyZIm4VI9DOogGy9kz%2BTqQLhjJP%2FnYoZN5L6Mw%2BLi9BbeHqi7fv%2FLIZZ4QwG6bSzpjRxEBX9mQHvvMp9cOeE2Qma5JEW3%2FxEh%2F8%2BDfL1g3iIyPlGQfUzQcZLFD8YbKtRfDq5%2Bp%2FDJsgnF%2BRX6Y6QKHKDDz9cu9BjqwAdJliY%2F71Q5ZdrlxhNZ0HLNQb6tvZyFaazjS69AaPF3E9VjBpyA%2BumOeRIkO3CnbvSVaGUTY%2Fv354D2Bpj5ELLiHb4P%2BTkEurB3yI4JJ08JcG0W%2F002GTZfwnOgPt41uvIbvfMNeOZ%2BRa6wUBqtJMZCfUS2sE58kGV6PejkWbMOWv%2FXOX8Lbk%2B08taWErc14vVNUIBRQMh02pathKKEOCTEtgs96R4R%2FklUVenrg4aTm&AWSAccessKeyId=ASIA4QDFFSURUGNGZSW5", "ytApiUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api", "sources": ["https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT2409X/MIT2409XT315-V039400_DTH.mp4", "https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT2409XT315-V039400/MIT2409XT315-V039400.m3u8"], "transcriptLanguages": {"en": "English"}, "saveStateEnabled": false, "captionDataDir": null, "recordedYoutubeIsAvailable": true, "autoAdvance": false, "duration": 196.56, "publishCompletionUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@739622c54e334a7580a7ac8aa3b49f7a/handler/publish_completion", "transcriptTranslationUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@739622c54e334a7580a7ac8aa3b49f7a/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__", "prioritizeHls": false, "autoplay": false, "savedVideoPosition": 0.0, "streams": "1.00:XA0h9r8eg5s", "speed": null, "generalSpeed": 1.0, "ytMetadataEndpoint": "", "showCaptions": "true", "start": 0.0, "transcriptLanguage": "en", "lmsRootURL": "https://openlearninglibrary.mit.edu", "end": 0.0, "transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@739622c54e334a7580a7ac8aa3b49f7a/handler/transcript/available_translations"}'
data-bumper-metadata='null'
data-autoadvance-enabled="False"
data-poster='null'
tabindex="-1"
>
<div class="focus_grabber first"></div>
<div class="tc-wrapper">
<div class="video-wrapper">
<span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span>
<span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span>
<div class="video-player-pre"></div>
<div class="video-player">
<div id="739622c54e334a7580a7ac8aa3b49f7a"></div>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden">
Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser.
</h4>
</div>
<div class="video-player-post"></div>
<div class="closed-captions"></div>
<div class="video-controls is-hidden">
<div>
<div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div>
<div class="secondary-controls"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="focus_grabber last"></div>
<h3 class="hd hd-4 downloads-heading sr" id="video-download-transcripts_739622c54e334a7580a7ac8aa3b49f7a">Downloads and transcripts</h3>
<div class="wrapper-downloads" role="region" aria-labelledby="video-download-transcripts_739622c54e334a7580a7ac8aa3b49f7a">
<div class="wrapper-download-transcripts">
<h4 class="hd hd-5">Transcripts</h4>
<ul class="list-download-transcripts">
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@739622c54e334a7580a7ac8aa3b49f7a/handler/transcript/download" data-value="srt">Download SubRip (.srt) file</a>
</li>
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@739622c54e334a7580a7ac8aa3b49f7a/handler/transcript/download" data-value="txt">Download Text (.txt) file</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-3" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@31d7e53a60aa417698e144c4a0a60c30">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-request-token="41929a6aed1611efb8fb0e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@31d7e53a60aa417698e144c4a0a60c30" data-graded="False" data-has-score="True" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="problem" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Problem"}
</script>
<div id="problem_31d7e53a60aa417698e144c4a0a60c30" class="problems-wrapper" role="group"
aria-labelledby="31d7e53a60aa417698e144c4a0a60c30-problem-title"
data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@31d7e53a60aa417698e144c4a0a60c30" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@31d7e53a60aa417698e144c4a0a60c30/handler/xmodule_handler"
data-problem-score="0"
data-problem-total-possible="0"
data-attempts-used="0"
data-content="
<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="31d7e53a60aa417698e144c4a0a60c30-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@31d7e53a60aa417698e144c4a0a60c30-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Problem: the evil demon
</h3>
<div class="problem-progress" id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@31d7e53a60aa417698e144c4a0a60c30-problem-progress"></div>
<div class="problem">
<div>
<p>Fill in the blank. &#8220;The evil demon, no matter how hard he tries, can&#8217;t get me to believe that I do not _____.&#8221;</p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div id="inputtype_31d7e53a60aa417698e144c4a0a60c30_2_1" class=" capa_inputtype textline">
<div class="unanswered ">
<input type="text" name="input_31d7e53a60aa417698e144c4a0a60c30_2_1" id="input_31d7e53a60aa417698e144c4a0a60c30_2_1" aria-describedby="status_31d7e53a60aa417698e144c4a0a60c30_2_1" value="" size="20"/>
<span class="trailing_text" id="trailing_text_31d7e53a60aa417698e144c4a0a60c30_2_1"/>
<span class="status unanswered" id="status_31d7e53a60aa417698e144c4a0a60c30_2_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered.">
<span class="sr">unanswered</span><span class="status-icon" aria-hidden="true"/>
</span>
<p id="answer_31d7e53a60aa417698e144c4a0a60c30_2_1" class="answer"/>
</div>
</div></div>
<div class="solution-span">
<span id="solution_31d7e53a60aa417698e144c4a0a60c30_solution_1"/>
</div></div>
<div class="action">
<input type="hidden" name="problem_id" value="Problem: the evil demon" />
<div class="submit-attempt-container">
<button type="button" class="submit btn-brand" data-submitting="Submitting" data-value="Submit" data-should-enable-submit-button="True" aria-describedby="submission_feedback_31d7e53a60aa417698e144c4a0a60c30" >
<span class="submit-label">Submit</span>
</button>
<div class="submission-feedback" id="submission_feedback_31d7e53a60aa417698e144c4a0a60c30">
<span class="sr">Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="problem-action-buttons-wrapper">
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-gentle-alert
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-exclamation-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="31d7e53a60aa417698e144c4a0a60c30-problem-title">
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-save
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-save" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="31d7e53a60aa417698e144c4a0a60c30-problem-title">None
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification general notification-show-answer
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-info-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="31d7e53a60aa417698e144c4a0a60c30-problem-title">Answers are displayed within the problem
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
"
data-graded="False">
<p class="loading-spinner">
<i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
<span class="sr">Loading…</span>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-request-token="41929a6aed1611efb8fb0e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@vertical+block@524f93313f7b4bfaaa5c2cfa3047b664" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="vertical" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">The Second Meditation: The Argument of the Second Meditation</h2>
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@ff5d8193976848679f5cd79fbbb8d212">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-request-token="41929a6aed1611efb8fb0e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@ff5d8193976848679f5cd79fbbb8d212" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="video" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Video"}
</script>
<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video: The Argument of the Second Meditation</h3>
<div
id="video_ff5d8193976848679f5cd79fbbb8d212"
class="video closed"
data-metadata='{"saveStateUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@ff5d8193976848679f5cd79fbbb8d212/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state", "completionEnabled": false, "ytTestTimeout": 1500, "autohideHtml5": false, "completionPercentage": 0.95, "poster": "https://mitx-edx-video-meta-storage.s3.amazonaws.com/media/video-images/a65dc2a454ef42dc8e68fb728da75c29.jpeg?Signature=2KCVk8Xwe7VxVU39Z1r1C7qP3dA%3D&Expires=1739786833&x-amz-security-token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEEkaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJIMEYCIQCaKYYtvEIOlzEaYXrE5JhNCRtiDk0OySuFczO1tknhbQIhAJwGOu%2FMDZtg6ZXqq1Iz7QDAeah96iSVj%2Fd%2B%2FejFM4QLKrkFCHIQAxoMODU5MjA1NjM3NDExIgyQqNwRgA1gwmB7jocqlgVjdKSWTkCWZcY9StUHLJVD1D1TrPAtmd0eFL5I6Sphapj1x5j7gBbQrESEUqEdPpgJdAR9t7NyUPFKqfTWgXGS63HWBq%2FvSDb%2Bzrrw%2BgGZEqe560VGbdhKXJNRgn%2F2tf%2FBErNNywjeumF0blD%2BVpTUTDol9WqltXd2ReDDoBhOiBhbmrX38Y9laNZCIELOIsyJTM0a0kw%2BZKSxlcaPRV2h1p9ki%2F8Bn37bXLbstjjVJW2jjadv57p%2BUShEv9ECbsqutEaZ1171Hs0UF7sfcXrlnL8m8By8iS7tv5F2UNv4sqtE2YiAb2uVMRkj4xgVajITc8kUWt3HFumHj%2Fp68lp3FsnpD%2FUjYnOpr7z2y7WiveTBSgUgSLM48HZdkE8Jsv5pkoUtFofMMIvwFB1C9JgBBXzVAzcl4yfa2v2%2Bu%2BoAAzARwDSBVwR5kbgjPdwGG9lUxLpZQlrMOxM5BYnAtxWei6I2qZFgpHcNcShFHN5tbEA9nmUwKpXQTdijDRdGRiL1xK7pVygPGVk7QJmJoHsVcM8F7mG7TJ68UTgBLAph0pqoDKXvCBWsJT0U1aKd2L7IdW64SybKHQjus0EoH5AjhtiGTcm02iUdtPjYXM81spA9xp8ZYxsuMAaQHj2tr4xQhceu7Fs4t7vFtCsiK6nQbz%2FbcorULj2JniJsuK1mP72ilqEZIT61XwZYo9%2BlA0vs%2BOjfMC1DnMW21LJEKbbccz35szVyZIm4VI9DOogGy9kz%2BTqQLhjJP%2FnYoZN5L6Mw%2BLi9BbeHqi7fv%2FLIZZ4QwG6bSzpjRxEBX9mQHvvMp9cOeE2Qma5JEW3%2FxEh%2F8%2BDfL1g3iIyPlGQfUzQcZLFD8YbKtRfDq5%2Bp%2FDJsgnF%2BRX6Y6QKHKDDz9cu9BjqwAdJliY%2F71Q5ZdrlxhNZ0HLNQb6tvZyFaazjS69AaPF3E9VjBpyA%2BumOeRIkO3CnbvSVaGUTY%2Fv354D2Bpj5ELLiHb4P%2BTkEurB3yI4JJ08JcG0W%2F002GTZfwnOgPt41uvIbvfMNeOZ%2BRa6wUBqtJMZCfUS2sE58kGV6PejkWbMOWv%2FXOX8Lbk%2B08taWErc14vVNUIBRQMh02pathKKEOCTEtgs96R4R%2FklUVenrg4aTm&AWSAccessKeyId=ASIA4QDFFSURUGNGZSW5", "ytApiUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api", "sources": ["https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT2409X/MIT2409XT315-V039800_DTH.mp4", "https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT2409XT315-V039800/MIT2409XT315-V039800.m3u8"], "transcriptLanguages": {"en": "English"}, "saveStateEnabled": false, "captionDataDir": null, "recordedYoutubeIsAvailable": true, "autoAdvance": false, "duration": 396.13, "publishCompletionUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@ff5d8193976848679f5cd79fbbb8d212/handler/publish_completion", "transcriptTranslationUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@ff5d8193976848679f5cd79fbbb8d212/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__", "prioritizeHls": false, "autoplay": false, "savedVideoPosition": 0.0, "streams": "1.00:6V70BTWzyV4", "speed": null, "generalSpeed": 1.0, "ytMetadataEndpoint": "", "showCaptions": "true", "start": 0.0, "transcriptLanguage": "en", "lmsRootURL": "https://openlearninglibrary.mit.edu", "end": 0.0, "transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@ff5d8193976848679f5cd79fbbb8d212/handler/transcript/available_translations"}'
data-bumper-metadata='null'
data-autoadvance-enabled="False"
data-poster='null'
tabindex="-1"
>
<div class="focus_grabber first"></div>
<div class="tc-wrapper">
<div class="video-wrapper">
<span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span>
<span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span>
<div class="video-player-pre"></div>
<div class="video-player">
<div id="ff5d8193976848679f5cd79fbbb8d212"></div>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden">
Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser.
</h4>
</div>
<div class="video-player-post"></div>
<div class="closed-captions"></div>
<div class="video-controls is-hidden">
<div>
<div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div>
<div class="secondary-controls"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="focus_grabber last"></div>
<h3 class="hd hd-4 downloads-heading sr" id="video-download-transcripts_ff5d8193976848679f5cd79fbbb8d212">Downloads and transcripts</h3>
<div class="wrapper-downloads" role="region" aria-labelledby="video-download-transcripts_ff5d8193976848679f5cd79fbbb8d212">
<div class="wrapper-download-transcripts">
<h4 class="hd hd-5">Transcripts</h4>
<ul class="list-download-transcripts">
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@ff5d8193976848679f5cd79fbbb8d212/handler/transcript/download" data-value="srt">Download SubRip (.srt) file</a>
</li>
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@ff5d8193976848679f5cd79fbbb8d212/handler/transcript/download" data-value="txt">Download Text (.txt) file</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@c96297a0ad564d17b54cbacdbb421253">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-request-token="41929a6aed1611efb8fb0e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@c96297a0ad564d17b54cbacdbb421253" data-graded="False" data-has-score="True" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="problem" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Problem"}
</script>
<div id="problem_c96297a0ad564d17b54cbacdbb421253" class="problems-wrapper" role="group"
aria-labelledby="c96297a0ad564d17b54cbacdbb421253-problem-title"
data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@c96297a0ad564d17b54cbacdbb421253" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@c96297a0ad564d17b54cbacdbb421253/handler/xmodule_handler"
data-problem-score="0"
data-problem-total-possible="0"
data-attempts-used="0"
data-content="
<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="c96297a0ad564d17b54cbacdbb421253-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@c96297a0ad564d17b54cbacdbb421253-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Problem: options
</h3>
<div class="problem-progress" id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@c96297a0ad564d17b54cbacdbb421253-problem-progress"></div>
<div class="problem">
<div>
<p>Descartes&#8217; argument looks valid, and the premises seem plausible. What are our options?</p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_c96297a0ad564d17b54cbacdbb421253_2_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_c96297a0ad564d17b54cbacdbb421253_2_1">
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_c96297a0ad564d17b54cbacdbb421253_2_1[]" id="input_c96297a0ad564d17b54cbacdbb421253_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_0"/><label id="c96297a0ad564d17b54cbacdbb421253_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_c96297a0ad564d17b54cbacdbb421253_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_c96297a0ad564d17b54cbacdbb421253_2_1"> try to show the argument is actually invalid
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_c96297a0ad564d17b54cbacdbb421253_2_1[]" id="input_c96297a0ad564d17b54cbacdbb421253_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_1"/><label id="c96297a0ad564d17b54cbacdbb421253_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_c96297a0ad564d17b54cbacdbb421253_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_c96297a0ad564d17b54cbacdbb421253_2_1"> reinterpret the argument until it sounds clearly bad
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_c96297a0ad564d17b54cbacdbb421253_2_1[]" id="input_c96297a0ad564d17b54cbacdbb421253_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_2"/><label id="c96297a0ad564d17b54cbacdbb421253_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_c96297a0ad564d17b54cbacdbb421253_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_c96297a0ad564d17b54cbacdbb421253_2_1"> reject a plausible-seeming premise
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_c96297a0ad564d17b54cbacdbb421253_2_1[]" id="input_c96297a0ad564d17b54cbacdbb421253_2_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_3"/><label id="c96297a0ad564d17b54cbacdbb421253_2_1-choice_3-label" for="input_c96297a0ad564d17b54cbacdbb421253_2_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_c96297a0ad564d17b54cbacdbb421253_2_1"> accept the conclusion
</label>
</div>
<span id="answer_c96297a0ad564d17b54cbacdbb421253_2_1"/>
</fieldset>
<div class="indicator-container">
<span class="status unanswered" id="status_c96297a0ad564d17b54cbacdbb421253_2_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered.">
<span class="sr">unanswered</span><span class="status-icon" aria-hidden="true"/>
</span>
</div>
</div></div>
<div class="solution-span">
<span id="solution_c96297a0ad564d17b54cbacdbb421253_solution_1"/>
</div></div>
<div class="action">
<input type="hidden" name="problem_id" value="Problem: options" />
<div class="submit-attempt-container">
<button type="button" class="submit btn-brand" data-submitting="Submitting" data-value="Submit" data-should-enable-submit-button="True" aria-describedby="submission_feedback_c96297a0ad564d17b54cbacdbb421253" >
<span class="submit-label">Submit</span>
</button>
<div class="submission-feedback" id="submission_feedback_c96297a0ad564d17b54cbacdbb421253">
<span class="sr">Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="problem-action-buttons-wrapper">
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-gentle-alert
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-exclamation-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="c96297a0ad564d17b54cbacdbb421253-problem-title">
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-save
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-save" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="c96297a0ad564d17b54cbacdbb421253-problem-title">None
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification general notification-show-answer
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-info-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="c96297a0ad564d17b54cbacdbb421253-problem-title">Answers are displayed within the problem
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
"
data-graded="False">
<p class="loading-spinner">
<i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
<span class="sr">Loading…</span>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-request-token="41929a6aed1611efb8fb0e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@vertical+block@1ed95552f9eb41fead53fae70ba369d2" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="vertical" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">The Second Meditation: What's the Deal with this Argument?</h2>
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@1f561bce17c646998fd19c8dc8fbd910">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-request-token="41929a6aed1611efb8fb0e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@1f561bce17c646998fd19c8dc8fbd910" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="video" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Video"}
</script>
<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video: What's the Deal with this Argument?</h3>
<div
id="video_1f561bce17c646998fd19c8dc8fbd910"
class="video closed"
data-metadata='{"saveStateUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@1f561bce17c646998fd19c8dc8fbd910/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state", "completionEnabled": false, "ytTestTimeout": 1500, "autohideHtml5": false, "completionPercentage": 0.95, "poster": "https://mitx-edx-video-meta-storage.s3.amazonaws.com/media/video-images/3f83df9075e84ec89fa1160155620ef3.jpeg?Signature=tzLlVxO8v%2B80EE72wEzPVpkURNc%3D&Expires=1739786834&x-amz-security-token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEEkaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJIMEYCIQCaKYYtvEIOlzEaYXrE5JhNCRtiDk0OySuFczO1tknhbQIhAJwGOu%2FMDZtg6ZXqq1Iz7QDAeah96iSVj%2Fd%2B%2FejFM4QLKrkFCHIQAxoMODU5MjA1NjM3NDExIgyQqNwRgA1gwmB7jocqlgVjdKSWTkCWZcY9StUHLJVD1D1TrPAtmd0eFL5I6Sphapj1x5j7gBbQrESEUqEdPpgJdAR9t7NyUPFKqfTWgXGS63HWBq%2FvSDb%2Bzrrw%2BgGZEqe560VGbdhKXJNRgn%2F2tf%2FBErNNywjeumF0blD%2BVpTUTDol9WqltXd2ReDDoBhOiBhbmrX38Y9laNZCIELOIsyJTM0a0kw%2BZKSxlcaPRV2h1p9ki%2F8Bn37bXLbstjjVJW2jjadv57p%2BUShEv9ECbsqutEaZ1171Hs0UF7sfcXrlnL8m8By8iS7tv5F2UNv4sqtE2YiAb2uVMRkj4xgVajITc8kUWt3HFumHj%2Fp68lp3FsnpD%2FUjYnOpr7z2y7WiveTBSgUgSLM48HZdkE8Jsv5pkoUtFofMMIvwFB1C9JgBBXzVAzcl4yfa2v2%2Bu%2BoAAzARwDSBVwR5kbgjPdwGG9lUxLpZQlrMOxM5BYnAtxWei6I2qZFgpHcNcShFHN5tbEA9nmUwKpXQTdijDRdGRiL1xK7pVygPGVk7QJmJoHsVcM8F7mG7TJ68UTgBLAph0pqoDKXvCBWsJT0U1aKd2L7IdW64SybKHQjus0EoH5AjhtiGTcm02iUdtPjYXM81spA9xp8ZYxsuMAaQHj2tr4xQhceu7Fs4t7vFtCsiK6nQbz%2FbcorULj2JniJsuK1mP72ilqEZIT61XwZYo9%2BlA0vs%2BOjfMC1DnMW21LJEKbbccz35szVyZIm4VI9DOogGy9kz%2BTqQLhjJP%2FnYoZN5L6Mw%2BLi9BbeHqi7fv%2FLIZZ4QwG6bSzpjRxEBX9mQHvvMp9cOeE2Qma5JEW3%2FxEh%2F8%2BDfL1g3iIyPlGQfUzQcZLFD8YbKtRfDq5%2Bp%2FDJsgnF%2BRX6Y6QKHKDDz9cu9BjqwAdJliY%2F71Q5ZdrlxhNZ0HLNQb6tvZyFaazjS69AaPF3E9VjBpyA%2BumOeRIkO3CnbvSVaGUTY%2Fv354D2Bpj5ELLiHb4P%2BTkEurB3yI4JJ08JcG0W%2F002GTZfwnOgPt41uvIbvfMNeOZ%2BRa6wUBqtJMZCfUS2sE58kGV6PejkWbMOWv%2FXOX8Lbk%2B08taWErc14vVNUIBRQMh02pathKKEOCTEtgs96R4R%2FklUVenrg4aTm&AWSAccessKeyId=ASIA4QDFFSURUGNGZSW5", "ytApiUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api", "sources": ["https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT2409X/MIT2409XT315-V039600_DTH.mp4", "https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT2409XT315-V039600/MIT2409XT315-V039600.m3u8"], "transcriptLanguages": {"en": "English"}, "saveStateEnabled": false, "captionDataDir": null, "recordedYoutubeIsAvailable": true, "autoAdvance": false, "duration": 207.07, "publishCompletionUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@1f561bce17c646998fd19c8dc8fbd910/handler/publish_completion", "transcriptTranslationUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@1f561bce17c646998fd19c8dc8fbd910/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__", "prioritizeHls": false, "autoplay": false, "savedVideoPosition": 0.0, "streams": "1.00:7hkh8iF2Du4", "speed": null, "generalSpeed": 1.0, "ytMetadataEndpoint": "", "showCaptions": "true", "start": 0.0, "transcriptLanguage": "en", "lmsRootURL": "https://openlearninglibrary.mit.edu", "end": 0.0, "transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@1f561bce17c646998fd19c8dc8fbd910/handler/transcript/available_translations"}'
data-bumper-metadata='null'
data-autoadvance-enabled="False"
data-poster='null'
tabindex="-1"
>
<div class="focus_grabber first"></div>
<div class="tc-wrapper">
<div class="video-wrapper">
<span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span>
<span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span>
<div class="video-player-pre"></div>
<div class="video-player">
<div id="1f561bce17c646998fd19c8dc8fbd910"></div>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden">
Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser.
</h4>
</div>
<div class="video-player-post"></div>
<div class="closed-captions"></div>
<div class="video-controls is-hidden">
<div>
<div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div>
<div class="secondary-controls"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="focus_grabber last"></div>
<h3 class="hd hd-4 downloads-heading sr" id="video-download-transcripts_1f561bce17c646998fd19c8dc8fbd910">Downloads and transcripts</h3>
<div class="wrapper-downloads" role="region" aria-labelledby="video-download-transcripts_1f561bce17c646998fd19c8dc8fbd910">
<div class="wrapper-download-transcripts">
<h4 class="hd hd-5">Transcripts</h4>
<ul class="list-download-transcripts">
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@1f561bce17c646998fd19c8dc8fbd910/handler/transcript/download" data-value="srt">Download SubRip (.srt) file</a>
</li>
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@1f561bce17c646998fd19c8dc8fbd910/handler/transcript/download" data-value="txt">Download Text (.txt) file</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@42a35648982d4400a36559b2a4e07ea6">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-request-token="41929a6aed1611efb8fb0e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@42a35648982d4400a36559b2a4e07ea6" data-graded="False" data-has-score="True" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="problem" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Problem"}
</script>
<div id="problem_42a35648982d4400a36559b2a4e07ea6" class="problems-wrapper" role="group"
aria-labelledby="42a35648982d4400a36559b2a4e07ea6-problem-title"
data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@42a35648982d4400a36559b2a4e07ea6" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@42a35648982d4400a36559b2a4e07ea6/handler/xmodule_handler"
data-problem-score="0"
data-problem-total-possible="0"
data-attempts-used="0"
data-content="
<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="42a35648982d4400a36559b2a4e07ea6-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@42a35648982d4400a36559b2a4e07ea6-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Problem: a and b
</h3>
<div class="problem-progress" id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@42a35648982d4400a36559b2a4e07ea6-problem-progress"></div>
<div class="problem">
<div>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><p>Suppose that <strong>a</strong> is identical to <strong>b</strong>, and that <strong>a</strong> is not F, and is G. What follows?</p>
<div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_42a35648982d4400a36559b2a4e07ea6_2_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_42a35648982d4400a36559b2a4e07ea6_2_1">
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_42a35648982d4400a36559b2a4e07ea6_2_1" id="input_42a35648982d4400a36559b2a4e07ea6_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="42a35648982d4400a36559b2a4e07ea6_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_42a35648982d4400a36559b2a4e07ea6_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_42a35648982d4400a36559b2a4e07ea6_2_1"> <strong>b</strong> is F and <strong>b</strong> is G
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_42a35648982d4400a36559b2a4e07ea6_2_1" id="input_42a35648982d4400a36559b2a4e07ea6_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="42a35648982d4400a36559b2a4e07ea6_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_42a35648982d4400a36559b2a4e07ea6_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_42a35648982d4400a36559b2a4e07ea6_2_1"> <strong>b</strong> is not F and <strong>b</strong> is G
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_42a35648982d4400a36559b2a4e07ea6_2_1" id="input_42a35648982d4400a36559b2a4e07ea6_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="42a35648982d4400a36559b2a4e07ea6_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_42a35648982d4400a36559b2a4e07ea6_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_42a35648982d4400a36559b2a4e07ea6_2_1"> <strong>a</strong> is not <strong>b</strong>
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_42a35648982d4400a36559b2a4e07ea6_2_1" id="input_42a35648982d4400a36559b2a4e07ea6_2_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_3"/><label id="42a35648982d4400a36559b2a4e07ea6_2_1-choice_3-label" for="input_42a35648982d4400a36559b2a4e07ea6_2_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_42a35648982d4400a36559b2a4e07ea6_2_1"> either <strong>b</strong> is F or <strong>b</strong> is not G
</label>
</div>
<span id="answer_42a35648982d4400a36559b2a4e07ea6_2_1"/>
</fieldset>
<div class="indicator-container">
<span class="status unanswered" id="status_42a35648982d4400a36559b2a4e07ea6_2_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered.">
<span class="sr">unanswered</span><span class="status-icon" aria-hidden="true"/>
</span>
</div>
</div><div class="solution-span">
<span id="solution_42a35648982d4400a36559b2a4e07ea6_solution_1"/>
</div></div>
</div>
<div class="action">
<input type="hidden" name="problem_id" value="Problem: a and b" />
<div class="submit-attempt-container">
<button type="button" class="submit btn-brand" data-submitting="Submitting" data-value="Submit" data-should-enable-submit-button="True" aria-describedby="submission_feedback_42a35648982d4400a36559b2a4e07ea6" >
<span class="submit-label">Submit</span>
</button>
<div class="submission-feedback" id="submission_feedback_42a35648982d4400a36559b2a4e07ea6">
<span class="sr">Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="problem-action-buttons-wrapper">
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-gentle-alert
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-exclamation-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="42a35648982d4400a36559b2a4e07ea6-problem-title">
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-save
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-save" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="42a35648982d4400a36559b2a4e07ea6-problem-title">None
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification general notification-show-answer
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-info-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="42a35648982d4400a36559b2a4e07ea6-problem-title">Answers are displayed within the problem
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
"
data-graded="False">
<p class="loading-spinner">
<i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
<span class="sr">Loading…</span>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-request-token="41929a6aed1611efb8fb0e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@vertical+block@86b9b4a5a2044d5296205ba410eeec48" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="vertical" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">The Second Meditation: The Masked Man</h2>
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@744f5936e77843299f5d3b10b08a5fbd">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-request-token="41929a6aed1611efb8fb0e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@744f5936e77843299f5d3b10b08a5fbd" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="video" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Video"}
</script>
<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video: The Masked Man</h3>
<div
id="video_744f5936e77843299f5d3b10b08a5fbd"
class="video closed"
data-metadata='{"saveStateUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@744f5936e77843299f5d3b10b08a5fbd/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state", "completionEnabled": false, "ytTestTimeout": 1500, "autohideHtml5": false, "completionPercentage": 0.95, "poster": "https://mitx-edx-video-meta-storage.s3.amazonaws.com/media/video-images/8b3dda8f503c49d38b624aece2f47a17.jpeg?Signature=EjBt31fniDfklNuHSTnerO794jo%3D&Expires=1739786834&x-amz-security-token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEEkaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJIMEYCIQCaKYYtvEIOlzEaYXrE5JhNCRtiDk0OySuFczO1tknhbQIhAJwGOu%2FMDZtg6ZXqq1Iz7QDAeah96iSVj%2Fd%2B%2FejFM4QLKrkFCHIQAxoMODU5MjA1NjM3NDExIgyQqNwRgA1gwmB7jocqlgVjdKSWTkCWZcY9StUHLJVD1D1TrPAtmd0eFL5I6Sphapj1x5j7gBbQrESEUqEdPpgJdAR9t7NyUPFKqfTWgXGS63HWBq%2FvSDb%2Bzrrw%2BgGZEqe560VGbdhKXJNRgn%2F2tf%2FBErNNywjeumF0blD%2BVpTUTDol9WqltXd2ReDDoBhOiBhbmrX38Y9laNZCIELOIsyJTM0a0kw%2BZKSxlcaPRV2h1p9ki%2F8Bn37bXLbstjjVJW2jjadv57p%2BUShEv9ECbsqutEaZ1171Hs0UF7sfcXrlnL8m8By8iS7tv5F2UNv4sqtE2YiAb2uVMRkj4xgVajITc8kUWt3HFumHj%2Fp68lp3FsnpD%2FUjYnOpr7z2y7WiveTBSgUgSLM48HZdkE8Jsv5pkoUtFofMMIvwFB1C9JgBBXzVAzcl4yfa2v2%2Bu%2BoAAzARwDSBVwR5kbgjPdwGG9lUxLpZQlrMOxM5BYnAtxWei6I2qZFgpHcNcShFHN5tbEA9nmUwKpXQTdijDRdGRiL1xK7pVygPGVk7QJmJoHsVcM8F7mG7TJ68UTgBLAph0pqoDKXvCBWsJT0U1aKd2L7IdW64SybKHQjus0EoH5AjhtiGTcm02iUdtPjYXM81spA9xp8ZYxsuMAaQHj2tr4xQhceu7Fs4t7vFtCsiK6nQbz%2FbcorULj2JniJsuK1mP72ilqEZIT61XwZYo9%2BlA0vs%2BOjfMC1DnMW21LJEKbbccz35szVyZIm4VI9DOogGy9kz%2BTqQLhjJP%2FnYoZN5L6Mw%2BLi9BbeHqi7fv%2FLIZZ4QwG6bSzpjRxEBX9mQHvvMp9cOeE2Qma5JEW3%2FxEh%2F8%2BDfL1g3iIyPlGQfUzQcZLFD8YbKtRfDq5%2Bp%2FDJsgnF%2BRX6Y6QKHKDDz9cu9BjqwAdJliY%2F71Q5ZdrlxhNZ0HLNQb6tvZyFaazjS69AaPF3E9VjBpyA%2BumOeRIkO3CnbvSVaGUTY%2Fv354D2Bpj5ELLiHb4P%2BTkEurB3yI4JJ08JcG0W%2F002GTZfwnOgPt41uvIbvfMNeOZ%2BRa6wUBqtJMZCfUS2sE58kGV6PejkWbMOWv%2FXOX8Lbk%2B08taWErc14vVNUIBRQMh02pathKKEOCTEtgs96R4R%2FklUVenrg4aTm&AWSAccessKeyId=ASIA4QDFFSURUGNGZSW5", "ytApiUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api", "sources": ["https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT2409X/MIT2409XT315-V039900_DTH.mp4", "https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT2409XT315-V039900/MIT2409XT315-V039900.m3u8"], "transcriptLanguages": {"en": "English"}, "saveStateEnabled": false, "captionDataDir": null, "recordedYoutubeIsAvailable": true, "autoAdvance": false, "duration": 334.94, "publishCompletionUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@744f5936e77843299f5d3b10b08a5fbd/handler/publish_completion", "transcriptTranslationUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@744f5936e77843299f5d3b10b08a5fbd/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__", "prioritizeHls": false, "autoplay": false, "savedVideoPosition": 0.0, "streams": "1.00:gc-KGsssu4E", "speed": null, "generalSpeed": 1.0, "ytMetadataEndpoint": "", "showCaptions": "true", "start": 0.0, "transcriptLanguage": "en", "lmsRootURL": "https://openlearninglibrary.mit.edu", "end": 0.0, "transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@744f5936e77843299f5d3b10b08a5fbd/handler/transcript/available_translations"}'
data-bumper-metadata='null'
data-autoadvance-enabled="False"
data-poster='null'
tabindex="-1"
>
<div class="focus_grabber first"></div>
<div class="tc-wrapper">
<div class="video-wrapper">
<span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span>
<span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span>
<div class="video-player-pre"></div>
<div class="video-player">
<div id="744f5936e77843299f5d3b10b08a5fbd"></div>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden">
Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser.
</h4>
</div>
<div class="video-player-post"></div>
<div class="closed-captions"></div>
<div class="video-controls is-hidden">
<div>
<div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div>
<div class="secondary-controls"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="focus_grabber last"></div>
<h3 class="hd hd-4 downloads-heading sr" id="video-download-transcripts_744f5936e77843299f5d3b10b08a5fbd">Downloads and transcripts</h3>
<div class="wrapper-downloads" role="region" aria-labelledby="video-download-transcripts_744f5936e77843299f5d3b10b08a5fbd">
<div class="wrapper-download-transcripts">
<h4 class="hd hd-5">Transcripts</h4>
<ul class="list-download-transcripts">
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@744f5936e77843299f5d3b10b08a5fbd/handler/transcript/download" data-value="srt">Download SubRip (.srt) file</a>
</li>
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@744f5936e77843299f5d3b10b08a5fbd/handler/transcript/download" data-value="txt">Download Text (.txt) file</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@dea10da1afdf456d80a37503c1ee9db3">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-request-token="41929a6aed1611efb8fb0e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@dea10da1afdf456d80a37503c1ee9db3" data-graded="False" data-has-score="True" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="problem" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Problem"}
</script>
<div id="problem_dea10da1afdf456d80a37503c1ee9db3" class="problems-wrapper" role="group"
aria-labelledby="dea10da1afdf456d80a37503c1ee9db3-problem-title"
data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@dea10da1afdf456d80a37503c1ee9db3" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@dea10da1afdf456d80a37503c1ee9db3/handler/xmodule_handler"
data-problem-score="0"
data-problem-total-possible="0"
data-attempts-used="0"
data-content="
<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="dea10da1afdf456d80a37503c1ee9db3-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@dea10da1afdf456d80a37503c1ee9db3-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Problem: find the flaw
</h3>
<div class="problem-progress" id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@dea10da1afdf456d80a37503c1ee9db3-problem-progress"></div>
<div class="problem">
<div>
<p>Consult the <a href="/assets/courseware/v1/235da70b4d9dbaf0f8a43ef0772a4811/asset-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@asset+block/2409x_guide_to_logic_and_argumentation.pdf">Guide to Logic and Argumentation</a>, in particular the last section on common flaws. What&#8217;s the flaw in Argument A?</p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_dea10da1afdf456d80a37503c1ee9db3_2_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_dea10da1afdf456d80a37503c1ee9db3_2_1">
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_dea10da1afdf456d80a37503c1ee9db3_2_1" id="input_dea10da1afdf456d80a37503c1ee9db3_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="dea10da1afdf456d80a37503c1ee9db3_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_dea10da1afdf456d80a37503c1ee9db3_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_dea10da1afdf456d80a37503c1ee9db3_2_1"> It begs the question.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_dea10da1afdf456d80a37503c1ee9db3_2_1" id="input_dea10da1afdf456d80a37503c1ee9db3_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="dea10da1afdf456d80a37503c1ee9db3_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_dea10da1afdf456d80a37503c1ee9db3_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_dea10da1afdf456d80a37503c1ee9db3_2_1"> It proves too much.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_dea10da1afdf456d80a37503c1ee9db3_2_1" id="input_dea10da1afdf456d80a37503c1ee9db3_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="dea10da1afdf456d80a37503c1ee9db3_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_dea10da1afdf456d80a37503c1ee9db3_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_dea10da1afdf456d80a37503c1ee9db3_2_1"> It&#8217;s a straw man argument.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_dea10da1afdf456d80a37503c1ee9db3_2_1" id="input_dea10da1afdf456d80a37503c1ee9db3_2_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_3"/><label id="dea10da1afdf456d80a37503c1ee9db3_2_1-choice_3-label" for="input_dea10da1afdf456d80a37503c1ee9db3_2_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_dea10da1afdf456d80a37503c1ee9db3_2_1"> It commits the fallacy of equivocation.
</label>
</div>
<span id="answer_dea10da1afdf456d80a37503c1ee9db3_2_1"/>
</fieldset>
<div class="indicator-container">
<span class="status unanswered" id="status_dea10da1afdf456d80a37503c1ee9db3_2_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered.">
<span class="sr">unanswered</span><span class="status-icon" aria-hidden="true"/>
</span>
</div>
</div></div>
<div class="solution-span">
<span id="solution_dea10da1afdf456d80a37503c1ee9db3_solution_1"/>
</div></div>
<div class="action">
<input type="hidden" name="problem_id" value="Problem: find the flaw" />
<div class="submit-attempt-container">
<button type="button" class="submit btn-brand" data-submitting="Submitting" data-value="Submit" data-should-enable-submit-button="True" aria-describedby="submission_feedback_dea10da1afdf456d80a37503c1ee9db3" >
<span class="submit-label">Submit</span>
</button>
<div class="submission-feedback" id="submission_feedback_dea10da1afdf456d80a37503c1ee9db3">
<span class="sr">Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="problem-action-buttons-wrapper">
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-gentle-alert
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-exclamation-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="dea10da1afdf456d80a37503c1ee9db3-problem-title">
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-save
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-save" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="dea10da1afdf456d80a37503c1ee9db3-problem-title">None
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification general notification-show-answer
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-info-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="dea10da1afdf456d80a37503c1ee9db3-problem-title">Answers are displayed within the problem
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
"
data-graded="False">
<p class="loading-spinner">
<i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
<span class="sr">Loading…</span>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-request-token="41929a6aed1611efb8fb0e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@vertical+block@e870c9bffae94165bf2dba992ddf6f74" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="vertical" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Meditation VI</h2>
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@html+block@1b7518147fd94e71a29ac9f788148e5b">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-request-token="41929a6aed1611efb8fb0e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@html+block@1b7518147fd94e71a29ac9f788148e5b" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<h1>Meditation VI</h1>
<p>We end with a sneak preview of the second—and much more formidable—argument for dualism; we will discuss it at length in the next lecture. The argument is found in the sixth and last of Descartes’ Meditations.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@d60014ca0e954393b481cc91f1b154ef">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-request-token="41929a6aed1611efb8fb0e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@d60014ca0e954393b481cc91f1b154ef" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="video" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Video"}
</script>
<h3 class="hd hd-2">Meditation VI</h3>
<div
id="video_d60014ca0e954393b481cc91f1b154ef"
class="video closed"
data-metadata='{"saveStateUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@d60014ca0e954393b481cc91f1b154ef/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state", "completionEnabled": false, "ytTestTimeout": 1500, "autohideHtml5": false, "completionPercentage": 0.95, "poster": "https://mitx-edx-video-meta-storage.s3.amazonaws.com/media/video-images/9b536913c38e48a78c78828d029e366f.jpeg?Signature=Jt%2Fi469cfh1kGZW35B1LPm%2BZDhE%3D&Expires=1739786834&x-amz-security-token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEEkaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJIMEYCIQCaKYYtvEIOlzEaYXrE5JhNCRtiDk0OySuFczO1tknhbQIhAJwGOu%2FMDZtg6ZXqq1Iz7QDAeah96iSVj%2Fd%2B%2FejFM4QLKrkFCHIQAxoMODU5MjA1NjM3NDExIgyQqNwRgA1gwmB7jocqlgVjdKSWTkCWZcY9StUHLJVD1D1TrPAtmd0eFL5I6Sphapj1x5j7gBbQrESEUqEdPpgJdAR9t7NyUPFKqfTWgXGS63HWBq%2FvSDb%2Bzrrw%2BgGZEqe560VGbdhKXJNRgn%2F2tf%2FBErNNywjeumF0blD%2BVpTUTDol9WqltXd2ReDDoBhOiBhbmrX38Y9laNZCIELOIsyJTM0a0kw%2BZKSxlcaPRV2h1p9ki%2F8Bn37bXLbstjjVJW2jjadv57p%2BUShEv9ECbsqutEaZ1171Hs0UF7sfcXrlnL8m8By8iS7tv5F2UNv4sqtE2YiAb2uVMRkj4xgVajITc8kUWt3HFumHj%2Fp68lp3FsnpD%2FUjYnOpr7z2y7WiveTBSgUgSLM48HZdkE8Jsv5pkoUtFofMMIvwFB1C9JgBBXzVAzcl4yfa2v2%2Bu%2BoAAzARwDSBVwR5kbgjPdwGG9lUxLpZQlrMOxM5BYnAtxWei6I2qZFgpHcNcShFHN5tbEA9nmUwKpXQTdijDRdGRiL1xK7pVygPGVk7QJmJoHsVcM8F7mG7TJ68UTgBLAph0pqoDKXvCBWsJT0U1aKd2L7IdW64SybKHQjus0EoH5AjhtiGTcm02iUdtPjYXM81spA9xp8ZYxsuMAaQHj2tr4xQhceu7Fs4t7vFtCsiK6nQbz%2FbcorULj2JniJsuK1mP72ilqEZIT61XwZYo9%2BlA0vs%2BOjfMC1DnMW21LJEKbbccz35szVyZIm4VI9DOogGy9kz%2BTqQLhjJP%2FnYoZN5L6Mw%2BLi9BbeHqi7fv%2FLIZZ4QwG6bSzpjRxEBX9mQHvvMp9cOeE2Qma5JEW3%2FxEh%2F8%2BDfL1g3iIyPlGQfUzQcZLFD8YbKtRfDq5%2Bp%2FDJsgnF%2BRX6Y6QKHKDDz9cu9BjqwAdJliY%2F71Q5ZdrlxhNZ0HLNQb6tvZyFaazjS69AaPF3E9VjBpyA%2BumOeRIkO3CnbvSVaGUTY%2Fv354D2Bpj5ELLiHb4P%2BTkEurB3yI4JJ08JcG0W%2F002GTZfwnOgPt41uvIbvfMNeOZ%2BRa6wUBqtJMZCfUS2sE58kGV6PejkWbMOWv%2FXOX8Lbk%2B08taWErc14vVNUIBRQMh02pathKKEOCTEtgs96R4R%2FklUVenrg4aTm&AWSAccessKeyId=ASIA4QDFFSURUGNGZSW5", "ytApiUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api", "sources": ["https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT2409X/MIT2409XT315-V040000_DTH.mp4", "https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT2409XT315-V040000/MIT2409XT315-V040000.m3u8"], "transcriptLanguages": {"en": "English"}, "saveStateEnabled": false, "captionDataDir": null, "recordedYoutubeIsAvailable": true, "autoAdvance": false, "duration": 389.56, "publishCompletionUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@d60014ca0e954393b481cc91f1b154ef/handler/publish_completion", "transcriptTranslationUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@d60014ca0e954393b481cc91f1b154ef/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__", "prioritizeHls": false, "autoplay": false, "savedVideoPosition": 0.0, "streams": "1.00:TWk8oR0Fv1k", "speed": null, "generalSpeed": 1.0, "ytMetadataEndpoint": "", "showCaptions": "true", "start": 0.0, "transcriptLanguage": "en", "lmsRootURL": "https://openlearninglibrary.mit.edu", "end": 0.0, "transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@d60014ca0e954393b481cc91f1b154ef/handler/transcript/available_translations"}'
data-bumper-metadata='null'
data-autoadvance-enabled="False"
data-poster='null'
tabindex="-1"
>
<div class="focus_grabber first"></div>
<div class="tc-wrapper">
<div class="video-wrapper">
<span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span>
<span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span>
<div class="video-player-pre"></div>
<div class="video-player">
<div id="d60014ca0e954393b481cc91f1b154ef"></div>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden">
Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser.
</h4>
</div>
<div class="video-player-post"></div>
<div class="closed-captions"></div>
<div class="video-controls is-hidden">
<div>
<div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div>
<div class="secondary-controls"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="focus_grabber last"></div>
<h3 class="hd hd-4 downloads-heading sr" id="video-download-transcripts_d60014ca0e954393b481cc91f1b154ef">Downloads and transcripts</h3>
<div class="wrapper-downloads" role="region" aria-labelledby="video-download-transcripts_d60014ca0e954393b481cc91f1b154ef">
<div class="wrapper-download-transcripts">
<h4 class="hd hd-5">Transcripts</h4>
<ul class="list-download-transcripts">
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@d60014ca0e954393b481cc91f1b154ef/handler/transcript/download" data-value="srt">Download SubRip (.srt) file</a>
</li>
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@d60014ca0e954393b481cc91f1b154ef/handler/transcript/download" data-value="txt">Download Text (.txt) file</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-2" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@372d80576c134ea3871de5b3a16b4f33">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-request-token="41929a6aed1611efb8fb0e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@372d80576c134ea3871de5b3a16b4f33" data-graded="False" data-has-score="True" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="problem" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Problem"}
</script>
<div id="problem_372d80576c134ea3871de5b3a16b4f33" class="problems-wrapper" role="group"
aria-labelledby="372d80576c134ea3871de5b3a16b4f33-problem-title"
data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@372d80576c134ea3871de5b3a16b4f33" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@372d80576c134ea3871de5b3a16b4f33/handler/xmodule_handler"
data-problem-score="0"
data-problem-total-possible="0"
data-attempts-used="0"
data-content="
<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="372d80576c134ea3871de5b3a16b4f33-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@372d80576c134ea3871de5b3a16b4f33-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Problem: find the flaw again
</h3>
<div class="problem-progress" id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@372d80576c134ea3871de5b3a16b4f33-problem-progress"></div>
<div class="problem">
<div>
<p>The apparent flaw in Argument D1, discussed at the end of the segment, is that:</p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_372d80576c134ea3871de5b3a16b4f33_2_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_372d80576c134ea3871de5b3a16b4f33_2_1">
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_372d80576c134ea3871de5b3a16b4f33_2_1" id="input_372d80576c134ea3871de5b3a16b4f33_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="372d80576c134ea3871de5b3a16b4f33_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_372d80576c134ea3871de5b3a16b4f33_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_372d80576c134ea3871de5b3a16b4f33_2_1"> It proves too much.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_372d80576c134ea3871de5b3a16b4f33_2_1" id="input_372d80576c134ea3871de5b3a16b4f33_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="372d80576c134ea3871de5b3a16b4f33_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_372d80576c134ea3871de5b3a16b4f33_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_372d80576c134ea3871de5b3a16b4f33_2_1"> C1 is not entailed by the premises.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_372d80576c134ea3871de5b3a16b4f33_2_1" id="input_372d80576c134ea3871de5b3a16b4f33_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="372d80576c134ea3871de5b3a16b4f33_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_372d80576c134ea3871de5b3a16b4f33_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_372d80576c134ea3871de5b3a16b4f33_2_1"> The premises are implausible.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_372d80576c134ea3871de5b3a16b4f33_2_1" id="input_372d80576c134ea3871de5b3a16b4f33_2_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_3"/><label id="372d80576c134ea3871de5b3a16b4f33_2_1-choice_3-label" for="input_372d80576c134ea3871de5b3a16b4f33_2_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_372d80576c134ea3871de5b3a16b4f33_2_1"> It begs the question.
</label>
</div>
<span id="answer_372d80576c134ea3871de5b3a16b4f33_2_1"/>
</fieldset>
<div class="indicator-container">
<span class="status unanswered" id="status_372d80576c134ea3871de5b3a16b4f33_2_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered.">
<span class="sr">unanswered</span><span class="status-icon" aria-hidden="true"/>
</span>
</div>
</div></div>
<div class="solution-span">
<span id="solution_372d80576c134ea3871de5b3a16b4f33_solution_1"/>
</div></div>
<div class="action">
<input type="hidden" name="problem_id" value="Problem: find the flaw again" />
<div class="submit-attempt-container">
<button type="button" class="submit btn-brand" data-submitting="Submitting" data-value="Submit" data-should-enable-submit-button="True" aria-describedby="submission_feedback_372d80576c134ea3871de5b3a16b4f33" >
<span class="submit-label">Submit</span>
</button>
<div class="submission-feedback" id="submission_feedback_372d80576c134ea3871de5b3a16b4f33">
<span class="sr">Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="problem-action-buttons-wrapper">
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-gentle-alert
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-exclamation-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="372d80576c134ea3871de5b3a16b4f33-problem-title">
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-save
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-save" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="372d80576c134ea3871de5b3a16b4f33-problem-title">None
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification general notification-show-answer
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-info-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="372d80576c134ea3871de5b3a16b4f33-problem-title">Answers are displayed within the problem
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
"
data-graded="False">
<p class="loading-spinner">
<i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
<span class="sr">Loading…</span>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-3" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@html+block@712ab9fc8e9940e59d2f2abe10a52ee4">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-request-token="41929a6aed1611efb8fb0e0e3c45b88f" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@html+block@712ab9fc8e9940e59d2f2abe10a52ee4" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<p>Stay tuned: we will hear much more about this second argument in Lecture 8. Please read the excerpts from Descartes’ <a href="/assets/courseware/v1/01e5e9502095ea2eba59ed2f13008d6a/asset-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@asset+block/7_descartes_meditation_VI.pdf" target="[object Object]">Sixth Meditation</a> and “<a href="/assets/courseware/v1/d58341b48f62897f42a3199972cde67b/asset-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@asset+block/8_descartes_passions_of_the_soul.pdf">Passions of the Soul</a><span style="font-size: 1em;">”.</span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
© All Rights Reserved