<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-block-type="vertical" data-graded="False" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-runtime-version="1" data-has-score="False" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@vertical+block@68d0e6e227e649399858042c28871d5e" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-request-token="4062d31005d211f095120e84ffb47eb3" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Map of Lecture 13</h2>
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@html+block@2aa3187c37d44da9a2ee512260a4297d">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-block-type="html" data-graded="False" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-has-score="False" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@html+block@2aa3187c37d44da9a2ee512260a4297d" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-request-token="4062d31005d211f095120e84ffb47eb3" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<p>After clarifying some things from last lecture, we turn to the final theory of mind in Part 2, and the most popular among contemporary philosophers: functionalism. Readings: a classic article by Hilary Putnam, “<a href="/assets/courseware/v1/d56c37d16d48a9842b52a79e5e4431c7/asset-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@asset+block/13_putnam_the_nature_of_mental_states.pdf">The nature of mental states</a>”, and Ned Block's expository paper, <span style="line-height: 25.6px;">“<a href="https://studio.edx.org/asset-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2015+type@asset+block@14_block_what_is_functionalism.pdf" target="_blank">What is Functionalism?</a></span><span style="line-height: 25.6px;">”</span></p>
<ul>
<ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/df563106604f4a1896edeb66fdb8da71" target="_blank">A Hot Topic</a>: In case you need any more evidence that the topic of this course is cool…</li>
<li>Some Loose Ends: Let’s get some closure on a few issues raised in our discussion of Kripke’s objection.</li>
<ul>
<ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/2360c0f38ec4487c994f5d5419de187a" target="_blank">Who’s Kripke?</a> I clean forgot to tell you. He’s important.</li>
<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/e8967a2df62f4a70899d14b19118cb99" target="_blank">Premise 2</a>: When it comes to the D arguments, we’ve been focussing on the transition from C1 to C2. But there is <em>a lot</em> to say about Premise 2.</li>
<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/0009b876146641b1bbd868d019cf86d9" target="_blank">Dualism and C2</a>: In which we discuss a good point a student raised last time: is the conclusion of the D argument exactly what the dualist is after?</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/895e259f76584c8ea0c8c5bd09ff8c0e" target="_blank">Block on Functionalism</a>: By way of introduction to the main topic, some help from our old friend Ned Block.</li>
<li>The Motivation: We’ve seen a few theories of mind now. How can we do better?</li>
<ul>
<ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/926258a3ad9e4cfc8b641b7c42626b53" target="_blank">Multiple Realizability Again</a>: In which we see a problem with the identity theory that has to do with <em>multiple realizability</em>.</li>
<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/459112ad368242b695f13397cf8cd213" target="_blank">Some Lessons from Behaviorism</a>: What was wrong with behaviorism? We want a theory that doesn’t have the same problems.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<li>Functionalism: In which perhaps the most sophisticated theory of mind is presented and explained.</li>
<ul>
<ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/00efd4a337804462aa927916d50e4568" target="_blank">Functional States</a>: Mental states are kinds of<em> functional states</em>, according to functionalism. What are those?</li>
<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/f96d237fe04946dd8651059ae78dcab6" target="_blank">Functionalism Stated</a>: In which the view is stated in all its splendor.</li>
<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/fc3aa8e44bb2457baa2fde50c5d12d57" target="_blank">What Could Possiblie Go Wrong?</a> Huh. That’s the first thing that’s ever gone wrong.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<p></p>
<p>You can download the Lecture 13 slides <a href="/assets/courseware/v1/fac0a8b40090b6445e40a434b49f4b99/asset-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@asset+block/24.09x_Lecture_13_Slides.key.pdf" target="_blank">here</a>.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-block-type="vertical" data-graded="False" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-runtime-version="1" data-has-score="False" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@vertical+block@df563106604f4a1896edeb66fdb8da71" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-request-token="4062d31005d211f095120e84ffb47eb3" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">A Hot Topic</h2>
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@html+block@e1dd4f3c1d9948c19b54809fb892b8cb">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-block-type="html" data-graded="False" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-has-score="False" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@html+block@e1dd4f3c1d9948c19b54809fb892b8cb" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-request-token="4062d31005d211f095120e84ffb47eb3" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<h1>A Hot Topic</h1>
<p>So I was on Facebook the other day…</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@30844d3d920b46e7b0395e9959232a46">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-block-type="video" data-graded="False" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-has-score="False" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@30844d3d920b46e7b0395e9959232a46" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-request-token="4062d31005d211f095120e84ffb47eb3" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Video"}
</script>
<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video: A Hot Topic</h3>
<div
id="video_30844d3d920b46e7b0395e9959232a46"
class="video closed"
data-metadata='{"streams": "1.00:o1ZAHexGjXQ", "savedVideoPosition": 0.0, "poster": "https://mitx-edx-video-meta-storage.s3.amazonaws.com/media/video-images/7916df882dfe4f22979095b7f6f36786.jpeg?Signature=8%2BQ%2Bvs7eK3mwCJsxlp16TZE1MqE%3D&AWSAccessKeyId=ASIA4QDFFSURQM7XYTB3&x-amz-security-token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjED0aCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJHMEUCIGSZ5YpG8fnrq1r53QBM0TzQsvsfPS9oJEN%2FgYbwKBTgAiEAsU5N2AGY2EwjpzSbAlm4tptYcRxQyUUMclpuJf3vITYqwQUIlv%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARADGgw4NTkyMDU2Mzc0MTEiDIYLUoS3lfguB3COjCqVBcMTsvg8VUB6Mu4UCIqUPlNiVr2Jv%2By5ei8lXMesx0E5tKsRyjlJYtWXavizFKxb1xumkmYscLXePesZ5xk5L0TsZD47JD5VAooaVCpVI22avC5SPGsUCK%2BLgi3nfL%2FOXIMlZQC7gMM75bRfKoAYzbU9REx4RafIcW02OnlrePu9bC5pY4pSd0hyWvyiX6CG%2Fkx0lpIpVg%2F2yLIkg4kjjW0mAARAucqvGrN0GNBxMiKUgqSXVBTYknZojoGIp8LIkes6LRXP4jwI8Y4b0ETKZdwMJno9OGy0Rcyyt6b0woj0ObTb5iERl191%2Fon9Zol3R%2BsTyDWLEBueaeWqAhq2rSkwL4rIfWKUyUpMOZsRrt%2F8RCnOVOfMaZRQNUGDMFQFAZ23RJwSAOY4pFp%2FAyvTzX2ye50yVU0oAH2NxE7A%2BzINz5OQrPtcxHKCXDzc1k%2BGpc%2FD4IZ9bqBNSSaluED%2BsXMYgSUZssHLVAxLzdOgtvpIGhYEyJMOBss6FTENMXyqCpGpoHBYP7nHUqt2uOJq9%2BnB8trle2GP%2FA9kHLltfW4nwUpAGLHYuPNmKbmE5JuzSd6d8o%2FRsmqtdmOdJcpVnlDZ8Y0locIkq7TxjoUOCND4%2FDdrAw7Epoxk%2BYVsKeNNjKQaWdM%2FmK8sHqv1xp2Vv9dQrBqMKP1EYxhc3K4SmulQEUQDNKSTpDECougQBVC4eYUhlADFqlNPsLM1sifgFxjyXx5Qv56fBH2h0wp2Qks824bXw%2BFboarUcoA1MPPgNWkQtFp%2B7GX5sgfRXdUmM1cKHS9PA5DWuaxdQLd%2Bo7VsQOWIfgV9RxZDawR88cMX%2F1arJ%2BPbrQR2sETZwHRYErLu6a9T7lMouCl2Lq1J8jdWdcmxhs0wx%2FTxvgY6sQEy86Dsvh8tP901CpDNai%2BTPh7zrPCuUnLkfc4U52dF1wzto6H1ISUVo3WX2KiaBn6UpsBm4XaupKi6KytEC%2B8J%2BaSTmfQeqrEbngHrJ3cuZewvqyEu2ZsqoY3Kgl%2F6RTdiKTWHe4x9VbS6BFgmCzPg%2Bbo08P6HvvMxlRMsLTzFQZloX1FmJ0bfg5zvd%2FEIit%2BdhHWp623FLaD6no7yjh0U47bRJM6Rz6%2Bo5r5Xh7YKbGk%3D&Expires=1742506404", "captionDataDir": null, "transcriptTranslationUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@30844d3d920b46e7b0395e9959232a46/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__", "lmsRootURL": "https://openlearninglibrary.mit.edu", "saveStateUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@30844d3d920b46e7b0395e9959232a46/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state", "ytTestTimeout": 1500, "autoplay": false, "ytApiUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api", "completionEnabled": false, "showCaptions": "true", "transcriptLanguages": {"en": "English"}, "end": 0.0, "start": 0.0, "saveStateEnabled": false, "prioritizeHls": false, "generalSpeed": 1.0, "recordedYoutubeIsAvailable": true, "sources": ["https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT2409X/MIT2409XT315-V045600_DTH.mp4", "https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT2409XT315-V045600/MIT2409XT315-V045600.m3u8"], "publishCompletionUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@30844d3d920b46e7b0395e9959232a46/handler/publish_completion", "speed": null, "duration": 110.01, "transcriptLanguage": "en", "ytMetadataEndpoint": "", "autoAdvance": false, "transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@30844d3d920b46e7b0395e9959232a46/handler/transcript/available_translations", "autohideHtml5": false, "completionPercentage": 0.95}'
data-bumper-metadata='null'
data-autoadvance-enabled="False"
data-poster='null'
tabindex="-1"
>
<div class="focus_grabber first"></div>
<div class="tc-wrapper">
<div class="video-wrapper">
<span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span>
<span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span>
<div class="video-player-pre"></div>
<div class="video-player">
<div id="30844d3d920b46e7b0395e9959232a46"></div>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden">
Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser.
</h4>
</div>
<div class="video-player-post"></div>
<div class="closed-captions"></div>
<div class="video-controls is-hidden">
<div>
<div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div>
<div class="secondary-controls"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="focus_grabber last"></div>
<h3 class="hd hd-4 downloads-heading sr" id="video-download-transcripts_30844d3d920b46e7b0395e9959232a46">Downloads and transcripts</h3>
<div class="wrapper-downloads" role="region" aria-labelledby="video-download-transcripts_30844d3d920b46e7b0395e9959232a46">
<div class="wrapper-download-transcripts">
<h4 class="hd hd-5">Transcripts</h4>
<ul class="list-download-transcripts">
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@30844d3d920b46e7b0395e9959232a46/handler/transcript/download" data-value="srt">Download SubRip (.srt) file</a>
</li>
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@30844d3d920b46e7b0395e9959232a46/handler/transcript/download" data-value="txt">Download Text (.txt) file</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-2" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@html+block@e960a6df60d64866984a18a33e656d21">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-block-type="html" data-graded="False" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-has-score="False" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@html+block@e960a6df60d64866984a18a33e656d21" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-request-token="4062d31005d211f095120e84ffb47eb3" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<p>The book review, by <a href="http://people.umass.edu/lrb/publications.html">Lynne Rudder Baker</a>, is <a href="https://ndpr.nd.edu/news/53139-contemporary-dualism-a-defense/">here</a>.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-block-type="vertical" data-graded="False" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-runtime-version="1" data-has-score="False" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@vertical+block@2360c0f38ec4487c994f5d5419de187a" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-request-token="4062d31005d211f095120e84ffb47eb3" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Some Loose Ends: Who's Kripke?</h2>
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@html+block@9d68aae607634ced8f06ad90a89b7761">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-block-type="html" data-graded="False" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-has-score="False" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@html+block@9d68aae607634ced8f06ad90a89b7761" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-request-token="4062d31005d211f095120e84ffb47eb3" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<h1>Some Loose Ends</h1>
<p>Our discussion of Kripke’s objection raised some issues that are worth going over a little before we move on. We do that in this part of the lecture. By the end you should have some idea who Saul Kripke is, and feel a little more satisfied about our discussion of the D argument for dualism.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@280f27df300d4f2db510377ae7f0fcf8">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-block-type="video" data-graded="False" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-has-score="False" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@280f27df300d4f2db510377ae7f0fcf8" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-request-token="4062d31005d211f095120e84ffb47eb3" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Video"}
</script>
<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video: Who's Kripke?</h3>
<div
id="video_280f27df300d4f2db510377ae7f0fcf8"
class="video closed"
data-metadata='{"streams": "1.00:rfYMSW_-wK0", "savedVideoPosition": 0.0, "poster": "https://mitx-edx-video-meta-storage.s3.amazonaws.com/media/video-images/38a4f21a38494b84a9675c393a70f2b8.jpeg?Signature=%2BVaXgjpgcVb9%2FbAAaJaG0r3EHf8%3D&AWSAccessKeyId=ASIA4QDFFSURQM7XYTB3&x-amz-security-token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjED0aCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJHMEUCIGSZ5YpG8fnrq1r53QBM0TzQsvsfPS9oJEN%2FgYbwKBTgAiEAsU5N2AGY2EwjpzSbAlm4tptYcRxQyUUMclpuJf3vITYqwQUIlv%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARADGgw4NTkyMDU2Mzc0MTEiDIYLUoS3lfguB3COjCqVBcMTsvg8VUB6Mu4UCIqUPlNiVr2Jv%2By5ei8lXMesx0E5tKsRyjlJYtWXavizFKxb1xumkmYscLXePesZ5xk5L0TsZD47JD5VAooaVCpVI22avC5SPGsUCK%2BLgi3nfL%2FOXIMlZQC7gMM75bRfKoAYzbU9REx4RafIcW02OnlrePu9bC5pY4pSd0hyWvyiX6CG%2Fkx0lpIpVg%2F2yLIkg4kjjW0mAARAucqvGrN0GNBxMiKUgqSXVBTYknZojoGIp8LIkes6LRXP4jwI8Y4b0ETKZdwMJno9OGy0Rcyyt6b0woj0ObTb5iERl191%2Fon9Zol3R%2BsTyDWLEBueaeWqAhq2rSkwL4rIfWKUyUpMOZsRrt%2F8RCnOVOfMaZRQNUGDMFQFAZ23RJwSAOY4pFp%2FAyvTzX2ye50yVU0oAH2NxE7A%2BzINz5OQrPtcxHKCXDzc1k%2BGpc%2FD4IZ9bqBNSSaluED%2BsXMYgSUZssHLVAxLzdOgtvpIGhYEyJMOBss6FTENMXyqCpGpoHBYP7nHUqt2uOJq9%2BnB8trle2GP%2FA9kHLltfW4nwUpAGLHYuPNmKbmE5JuzSd6d8o%2FRsmqtdmOdJcpVnlDZ8Y0locIkq7TxjoUOCND4%2FDdrAw7Epoxk%2BYVsKeNNjKQaWdM%2FmK8sHqv1xp2Vv9dQrBqMKP1EYxhc3K4SmulQEUQDNKSTpDECougQBVC4eYUhlADFqlNPsLM1sifgFxjyXx5Qv56fBH2h0wp2Qks824bXw%2BFboarUcoA1MPPgNWkQtFp%2B7GX5sgfRXdUmM1cKHS9PA5DWuaxdQLd%2Bo7VsQOWIfgV9RxZDawR88cMX%2F1arJ%2BPbrQR2sETZwHRYErLu6a9T7lMouCl2Lq1J8jdWdcmxhs0wx%2FTxvgY6sQEy86Dsvh8tP901CpDNai%2BTPh7zrPCuUnLkfc4U52dF1wzto6H1ISUVo3WX2KiaBn6UpsBm4XaupKi6KytEC%2B8J%2BaSTmfQeqrEbngHrJ3cuZewvqyEu2ZsqoY3Kgl%2F6RTdiKTWHe4x9VbS6BFgmCzPg%2Bbo08P6HvvMxlRMsLTzFQZloX1FmJ0bfg5zvd%2FEIit%2BdhHWp623FLaD6no7yjh0U47bRJM6Rz6%2Bo5r5Xh7YKbGk%3D&Expires=1742506404", "captionDataDir": null, "transcriptTranslationUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@280f27df300d4f2db510377ae7f0fcf8/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__", "lmsRootURL": "https://openlearninglibrary.mit.edu", "saveStateUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@280f27df300d4f2db510377ae7f0fcf8/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state", "ytTestTimeout": 1500, "autoplay": false, "ytApiUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api", "completionEnabled": false, "showCaptions": "true", "transcriptLanguages": {"en": "English"}, "end": 0.0, "start": 0.0, "saveStateEnabled": false, "prioritizeHls": false, "generalSpeed": 1.0, "recordedYoutubeIsAvailable": true, "sources": ["https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT2409X/MIT2409XT315-V045400_DTH.mp4", "https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT2409XT315-V045400/MIT2409XT315-V045400.m3u8"], "publishCompletionUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@280f27df300d4f2db510377ae7f0fcf8/handler/publish_completion", "speed": null, "duration": 90.16, "transcriptLanguage": "en", "ytMetadataEndpoint": "", "autoAdvance": false, "transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@280f27df300d4f2db510377ae7f0fcf8/handler/transcript/available_translations", "autohideHtml5": false, "completionPercentage": 0.95}'
data-bumper-metadata='null'
data-autoadvance-enabled="False"
data-poster='null'
tabindex="-1"
>
<div class="focus_grabber first"></div>
<div class="tc-wrapper">
<div class="video-wrapper">
<span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span>
<span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span>
<div class="video-player-pre"></div>
<div class="video-player">
<div id="280f27df300d4f2db510377ae7f0fcf8"></div>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden">
Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser.
</h4>
</div>
<div class="video-player-post"></div>
<div class="closed-captions"></div>
<div class="video-controls is-hidden">
<div>
<div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div>
<div class="secondary-controls"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="focus_grabber last"></div>
<h3 class="hd hd-4 downloads-heading sr" id="video-download-transcripts_280f27df300d4f2db510377ae7f0fcf8">Downloads and transcripts</h3>
<div class="wrapper-downloads" role="region" aria-labelledby="video-download-transcripts_280f27df300d4f2db510377ae7f0fcf8">
<div class="wrapper-download-transcripts">
<h4 class="hd hd-5">Transcripts</h4>
<ul class="list-download-transcripts">
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@280f27df300d4f2db510377ae7f0fcf8/handler/transcript/download" data-value="srt">Download SubRip (.srt) file</a>
</li>
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@280f27df300d4f2db510377ae7f0fcf8/handler/transcript/download" data-value="txt">Download Text (.txt) file</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-2" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@html+block@d3bd3a238fff4af6be8db114e59465f6">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-block-type="html" data-graded="False" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-has-score="False" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@html+block@d3bd3a238fff4af6be8db114e59465f6" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-request-token="4062d31005d211f095120e84ffb47eb3" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<p>An excellent introduction to Kripke<span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">’</span>s work is John Burgess<span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">’</span>s book <a href="http://www.polity.co.uk/book.asp?ref=9780745652856">Kripke</a>.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-block-type="vertical" data-graded="False" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-runtime-version="1" data-has-score="False" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@vertical+block@e8967a2df62f4a70899d14b19118cb99" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-request-token="4062d31005d211f095120e84ffb47eb3" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Some Loose Ends: Premise 2 of D3</h2>
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@323e28c486fb4826a34039d5fb9d501b">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-block-type="video" data-graded="False" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-has-score="False" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@323e28c486fb4826a34039d5fb9d501b" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-request-token="4062d31005d211f095120e84ffb47eb3" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Video"}
</script>
<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video: Premise 2</h3>
<div
id="video_323e28c486fb4826a34039d5fb9d501b"
class="video closed"
data-metadata='{"streams": "1.00:kA6ZUYoszwQ", "savedVideoPosition": 0.0, "poster": "https://mitx-edx-video-meta-storage.s3.amazonaws.com/media/video-images/0c54c0bf908f4b8087da750d05bec5d4.jpeg?Signature=Rt1xw7rbXagesc0HkgNQYfFrhdk%3D&AWSAccessKeyId=ASIA4QDFFSURQM7XYTB3&x-amz-security-token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjED0aCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJHMEUCIGSZ5YpG8fnrq1r53QBM0TzQsvsfPS9oJEN%2FgYbwKBTgAiEAsU5N2AGY2EwjpzSbAlm4tptYcRxQyUUMclpuJf3vITYqwQUIlv%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARADGgw4NTkyMDU2Mzc0MTEiDIYLUoS3lfguB3COjCqVBcMTsvg8VUB6Mu4UCIqUPlNiVr2Jv%2By5ei8lXMesx0E5tKsRyjlJYtWXavizFKxb1xumkmYscLXePesZ5xk5L0TsZD47JD5VAooaVCpVI22avC5SPGsUCK%2BLgi3nfL%2FOXIMlZQC7gMM75bRfKoAYzbU9REx4RafIcW02OnlrePu9bC5pY4pSd0hyWvyiX6CG%2Fkx0lpIpVg%2F2yLIkg4kjjW0mAARAucqvGrN0GNBxMiKUgqSXVBTYknZojoGIp8LIkes6LRXP4jwI8Y4b0ETKZdwMJno9OGy0Rcyyt6b0woj0ObTb5iERl191%2Fon9Zol3R%2BsTyDWLEBueaeWqAhq2rSkwL4rIfWKUyUpMOZsRrt%2F8RCnOVOfMaZRQNUGDMFQFAZ23RJwSAOY4pFp%2FAyvTzX2ye50yVU0oAH2NxE7A%2BzINz5OQrPtcxHKCXDzc1k%2BGpc%2FD4IZ9bqBNSSaluED%2BsXMYgSUZssHLVAxLzdOgtvpIGhYEyJMOBss6FTENMXyqCpGpoHBYP7nHUqt2uOJq9%2BnB8trle2GP%2FA9kHLltfW4nwUpAGLHYuPNmKbmE5JuzSd6d8o%2FRsmqtdmOdJcpVnlDZ8Y0locIkq7TxjoUOCND4%2FDdrAw7Epoxk%2BYVsKeNNjKQaWdM%2FmK8sHqv1xp2Vv9dQrBqMKP1EYxhc3K4SmulQEUQDNKSTpDECougQBVC4eYUhlADFqlNPsLM1sifgFxjyXx5Qv56fBH2h0wp2Qks824bXw%2BFboarUcoA1MPPgNWkQtFp%2B7GX5sgfRXdUmM1cKHS9PA5DWuaxdQLd%2Bo7VsQOWIfgV9RxZDawR88cMX%2F1arJ%2BPbrQR2sETZwHRYErLu6a9T7lMouCl2Lq1J8jdWdcmxhs0wx%2FTxvgY6sQEy86Dsvh8tP901CpDNai%2BTPh7zrPCuUnLkfc4U52dF1wzto6H1ISUVo3WX2KiaBn6UpsBm4XaupKi6KytEC%2B8J%2BaSTmfQeqrEbngHrJ3cuZewvqyEu2ZsqoY3Kgl%2F6RTdiKTWHe4x9VbS6BFgmCzPg%2Bbo08P6HvvMxlRMsLTzFQZloX1FmJ0bfg5zvd%2FEIit%2BdhHWp623FLaD6no7yjh0U47bRJM6Rz6%2Bo5r5Xh7YKbGk%3D&Expires=1742506404", "captionDataDir": null, "transcriptTranslationUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@323e28c486fb4826a34039d5fb9d501b/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__", "lmsRootURL": "https://openlearninglibrary.mit.edu", "saveStateUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@323e28c486fb4826a34039d5fb9d501b/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state", "ytTestTimeout": 1500, "autoplay": false, "ytApiUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api", "completionEnabled": false, "showCaptions": "true", "transcriptLanguages": {"en": "English"}, "end": 0.0, "start": 0.0, "saveStateEnabled": false, "prioritizeHls": false, "generalSpeed": 1.0, "recordedYoutubeIsAvailable": true, "sources": ["https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT2409X/MIT2409XT315-V045700_DTH.mp4", "https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT2409XT315-V045700/MIT2409XT315-V045700.m3u8"], "publishCompletionUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@323e28c486fb4826a34039d5fb9d501b/handler/publish_completion", "speed": null, "duration": 466.03, "transcriptLanguage": "en", "ytMetadataEndpoint": "", "autoAdvance": false, "transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@323e28c486fb4826a34039d5fb9d501b/handler/transcript/available_translations", "autohideHtml5": false, "completionPercentage": 0.95}'
data-bumper-metadata='null'
data-autoadvance-enabled="False"
data-poster='null'
tabindex="-1"
>
<div class="focus_grabber first"></div>
<div class="tc-wrapper">
<div class="video-wrapper">
<span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span>
<span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span>
<div class="video-player-pre"></div>
<div class="video-player">
<div id="323e28c486fb4826a34039d5fb9d501b"></div>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden">
Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser.
</h4>
</div>
<div class="video-player-post"></div>
<div class="closed-captions"></div>
<div class="video-controls is-hidden">
<div>
<div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div>
<div class="secondary-controls"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="focus_grabber last"></div>
<h3 class="hd hd-4 downloads-heading sr" id="video-download-transcripts_323e28c486fb4826a34039d5fb9d501b">Downloads and transcripts</h3>
<div class="wrapper-downloads" role="region" aria-labelledby="video-download-transcripts_323e28c486fb4826a34039d5fb9d501b">
<div class="wrapper-download-transcripts">
<h4 class="hd hd-5">Transcripts</h4>
<ul class="list-download-transcripts">
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@323e28c486fb4826a34039d5fb9d501b/handler/transcript/download" data-value="srt">Download SubRip (.srt) file</a>
</li>
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@323e28c486fb4826a34039d5fb9d501b/handler/transcript/download" data-value="txt">Download Text (.txt) file</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@2ba958d82f1f4548954cddb9d64bb309">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-block-type="problem" data-graded="False" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-has-score="True" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@2ba958d82f1f4548954cddb9d64bb309" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-request-token="4062d31005d211f095120e84ffb47eb3" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Problem"}
</script>
<div id="problem_2ba958d82f1f4548954cddb9d64bb309" class="problems-wrapper" role="group"
aria-labelledby="2ba958d82f1f4548954cddb9d64bb309-problem-title"
data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@2ba958d82f1f4548954cddb9d64bb309" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@2ba958d82f1f4548954cddb9d64bb309/handler/xmodule_handler"
data-problem-score="0"
data-problem-total-possible="0"
data-attempts-used="0"
data-content="
<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="2ba958d82f1f4548954cddb9d64bb309-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@2ba958d82f1f4548954cddb9d64bb309-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Problem: Yablo&#39;s reply.
</h3>
<div class="problem-progress" id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@2ba958d82f1f4548954cddb9d64bb309-problem-progress"></div>
<div class="problem">
<div>
<p>What is the upshot of Yablo&#8217;s reply to Chalmers supposed to be?</p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_2ba958d82f1f4548954cddb9d64bb309_2_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_2ba958d82f1f4548954cddb9d64bb309_2_1">
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_2ba958d82f1f4548954cddb9d64bb309_2_1" id="input_2ba958d82f1f4548954cddb9d64bb309_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="2ba958d82f1f4548954cddb9d64bb309_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_2ba958d82f1f4548954cddb9d64bb309_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_2ba958d82f1f4548954cddb9d64bb309_2_1"> Conceivability entails possibility.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_2ba958d82f1f4548954cddb9d64bb309_2_1" id="input_2ba958d82f1f4548954cddb9d64bb309_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="2ba958d82f1f4548954cddb9d64bb309_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_2ba958d82f1f4548954cddb9d64bb309_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_2ba958d82f1f4548954cddb9d64bb309_2_1"> Conceivability does not entail possibility.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_2ba958d82f1f4548954cddb9d64bb309_2_1" id="input_2ba958d82f1f4548954cddb9d64bb309_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="2ba958d82f1f4548954cddb9d64bb309_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_2ba958d82f1f4548954cddb9d64bb309_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_2ba958d82f1f4548954cddb9d64bb309_2_1"> Whatever is possible is conceivable.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_2ba958d82f1f4548954cddb9d64bb309_2_1" id="input_2ba958d82f1f4548954cddb9d64bb309_2_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_3"/><label id="2ba958d82f1f4548954cddb9d64bb309_2_1-choice_3-label" for="input_2ba958d82f1f4548954cddb9d64bb309_2_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_2ba958d82f1f4548954cddb9d64bb309_2_1"> Whatever is impossible is inconceivable.
</label>
</div>
<span id="answer_2ba958d82f1f4548954cddb9d64bb309_2_1"/>
</fieldset>
<div class="indicator-container">
<span class="status unanswered" id="status_2ba958d82f1f4548954cddb9d64bb309_2_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered.">
<span class="sr">unanswered</span><span class="status-icon" aria-hidden="true"/>
</span>
</div>
</div></div>
<div class="solution-span">
<span id="solution_2ba958d82f1f4548954cddb9d64bb309_solution_1"/>
</div></div>
<div class="action">
<input type="hidden" name="problem_id" value="Problem: Yablo&#39;s reply." />
<div class="submit-attempt-container">
<button type="button" class="submit btn-brand" data-submitting="Submitting" data-value="Submit" data-should-enable-submit-button="True" aria-describedby="submission_feedback_2ba958d82f1f4548954cddb9d64bb309" >
<span class="submit-label">Submit</span>
</button>
<div class="submission-feedback" id="submission_feedback_2ba958d82f1f4548954cddb9d64bb309">
<span class="sr">Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="problem-action-buttons-wrapper">
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-gentle-alert
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-exclamation-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="2ba958d82f1f4548954cddb9d64bb309-problem-title">
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-save
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-save" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="2ba958d82f1f4548954cddb9d64bb309-problem-title">None
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification general notification-show-answer
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-info-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="2ba958d82f1f4548954cddb9d64bb309-problem-title">Answers are displayed within the problem
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
"
data-graded="False">
<p class="loading-spinner">
<i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
<span class="sr">Loading…</span>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-block-type="vertical" data-graded="False" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-runtime-version="1" data-has-score="False" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@vertical+block@0009b876146641b1bbd868d019cf86d9" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-request-token="4062d31005d211f095120e84ffb47eb3" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Some Loose Ends: Dualism and C2</h2>
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@bfdab782914f425dbd8965ffc36ca639">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-block-type="video" data-graded="False" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-has-score="False" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@bfdab782914f425dbd8965ffc36ca639" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-request-token="4062d31005d211f095120e84ffb47eb3" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Video"}
</script>
<h3 class="hd hd-2">Dualism and C2</h3>
<div
id="video_bfdab782914f425dbd8965ffc36ca639"
class="video closed"
data-metadata='{"streams": "1.00:FA2cfB1DbGg", "savedVideoPosition": 0.0, "poster": "https://mitx-edx-video-meta-storage.s3.amazonaws.com/media/video-images/a7bc749955874154a7600ca1d3b2cbdc.jpeg?Signature=LTtudAfM9ifTmQApfwQKD0akBhU%3D&AWSAccessKeyId=ASIA4QDFFSURQM7XYTB3&x-amz-security-token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjED0aCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJHMEUCIGSZ5YpG8fnrq1r53QBM0TzQsvsfPS9oJEN%2FgYbwKBTgAiEAsU5N2AGY2EwjpzSbAlm4tptYcRxQyUUMclpuJf3vITYqwQUIlv%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARADGgw4NTkyMDU2Mzc0MTEiDIYLUoS3lfguB3COjCqVBcMTsvg8VUB6Mu4UCIqUPlNiVr2Jv%2By5ei8lXMesx0E5tKsRyjlJYtWXavizFKxb1xumkmYscLXePesZ5xk5L0TsZD47JD5VAooaVCpVI22avC5SPGsUCK%2BLgi3nfL%2FOXIMlZQC7gMM75bRfKoAYzbU9REx4RafIcW02OnlrePu9bC5pY4pSd0hyWvyiX6CG%2Fkx0lpIpVg%2F2yLIkg4kjjW0mAARAucqvGrN0GNBxMiKUgqSXVBTYknZojoGIp8LIkes6LRXP4jwI8Y4b0ETKZdwMJno9OGy0Rcyyt6b0woj0ObTb5iERl191%2Fon9Zol3R%2BsTyDWLEBueaeWqAhq2rSkwL4rIfWKUyUpMOZsRrt%2F8RCnOVOfMaZRQNUGDMFQFAZ23RJwSAOY4pFp%2FAyvTzX2ye50yVU0oAH2NxE7A%2BzINz5OQrPtcxHKCXDzc1k%2BGpc%2FD4IZ9bqBNSSaluED%2BsXMYgSUZssHLVAxLzdOgtvpIGhYEyJMOBss6FTENMXyqCpGpoHBYP7nHUqt2uOJq9%2BnB8trle2GP%2FA9kHLltfW4nwUpAGLHYuPNmKbmE5JuzSd6d8o%2FRsmqtdmOdJcpVnlDZ8Y0locIkq7TxjoUOCND4%2FDdrAw7Epoxk%2BYVsKeNNjKQaWdM%2FmK8sHqv1xp2Vv9dQrBqMKP1EYxhc3K4SmulQEUQDNKSTpDECougQBVC4eYUhlADFqlNPsLM1sifgFxjyXx5Qv56fBH2h0wp2Qks824bXw%2BFboarUcoA1MPPgNWkQtFp%2B7GX5sgfRXdUmM1cKHS9PA5DWuaxdQLd%2Bo7VsQOWIfgV9RxZDawR88cMX%2F1arJ%2BPbrQR2sETZwHRYErLu6a9T7lMouCl2Lq1J8jdWdcmxhs0wx%2FTxvgY6sQEy86Dsvh8tP901CpDNai%2BTPh7zrPCuUnLkfc4U52dF1wzto6H1ISUVo3WX2KiaBn6UpsBm4XaupKi6KytEC%2B8J%2BaSTmfQeqrEbngHrJ3cuZewvqyEu2ZsqoY3Kgl%2F6RTdiKTWHe4x9VbS6BFgmCzPg%2Bbo08P6HvvMxlRMsLTzFQZloX1FmJ0bfg5zvd%2FEIit%2BdhHWp623FLaD6no7yjh0U47bRJM6Rz6%2Bo5r5Xh7YKbGk%3D&Expires=1742506404", "captionDataDir": null, "transcriptTranslationUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@bfdab782914f425dbd8965ffc36ca639/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__", "lmsRootURL": "https://openlearninglibrary.mit.edu", "saveStateUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@bfdab782914f425dbd8965ffc36ca639/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state", "ytTestTimeout": 1500, "autoplay": false, "ytApiUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api", "completionEnabled": false, "showCaptions": "true", "transcriptLanguages": {"en": "English"}, "end": 0.0, "start": 0.0, "saveStateEnabled": false, "prioritizeHls": false, "generalSpeed": 1.0, "recordedYoutubeIsAvailable": true, "sources": ["https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT2409X/MIT2409XT315-V045800_DTH.mp4", "https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT2409XT315-V045800/MIT2409XT315-V045800.m3u8"], "publishCompletionUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@bfdab782914f425dbd8965ffc36ca639/handler/publish_completion", "speed": null, "duration": 457.42, "transcriptLanguage": "en", "ytMetadataEndpoint": "", "autoAdvance": false, "transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@bfdab782914f425dbd8965ffc36ca639/handler/transcript/available_translations", "autohideHtml5": false, "completionPercentage": 0.95}'
data-bumper-metadata='null'
data-autoadvance-enabled="False"
data-poster='null'
tabindex="-1"
>
<div class="focus_grabber first"></div>
<div class="tc-wrapper">
<div class="video-wrapper">
<span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span>
<span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span>
<div class="video-player-pre"></div>
<div class="video-player">
<div id="bfdab782914f425dbd8965ffc36ca639"></div>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden">
Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser.
</h4>
</div>
<div class="video-player-post"></div>
<div class="closed-captions"></div>
<div class="video-controls is-hidden">
<div>
<div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div>
<div class="secondary-controls"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="focus_grabber last"></div>
<h3 class="hd hd-4 downloads-heading sr" id="video-download-transcripts_bfdab782914f425dbd8965ffc36ca639">Downloads and transcripts</h3>
<div class="wrapper-downloads" role="region" aria-labelledby="video-download-transcripts_bfdab782914f425dbd8965ffc36ca639">
<div class="wrapper-download-transcripts">
<h4 class="hd hd-5">Transcripts</h4>
<ul class="list-download-transcripts">
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@bfdab782914f425dbd8965ffc36ca639/handler/transcript/download" data-value="srt">Download SubRip (.srt) file</a>
</li>
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@bfdab782914f425dbd8965ffc36ca639/handler/transcript/download" data-value="txt">Download Text (.txt) file</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@bb0d591c9b444f53ba94fdb4b7f91ca2">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-block-type="problem" data-graded="False" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-has-score="True" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@bb0d591c9b444f53ba94fdb4b7f91ca2" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-request-token="4062d31005d211f095120e84ffb47eb3" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Problem"}
</script>
<div id="problem_bb0d591c9b444f53ba94fdb4b7f91ca2" class="problems-wrapper" role="group"
aria-labelledby="bb0d591c9b444f53ba94fdb4b7f91ca2-problem-title"
data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@bb0d591c9b444f53ba94fdb4b7f91ca2" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@bb0d591c9b444f53ba94fdb4b7f91ca2/handler/xmodule_handler"
data-problem-score="0"
data-problem-total-possible="0"
data-attempts-used="0"
data-content="
<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="bb0d591c9b444f53ba94fdb4b7f91ca2-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@bb0d591c9b444f53ba94fdb4b7f91ca2-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Problem: Leibniz&#39;s Law
</h3>
<div class="problem-progress" id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@bb0d591c9b444f53ba94fdb4b7f91ca2-problem-progress"></div>
<div class="problem">
<div><em>The identity of indiscernibles</em>, sometimes called Leibniz&#8217;s law, is the principle that if x and y are not identical then they do not have exactly the same properties.
<p/>
<em>The indiscernibility of identicals</em> (confusingly sometimes also called Leibniz&#8217;s law), is the converse principle that if x and y do not have exactly the same properties then they are not identical.
<p/>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_bb0d591c9b444f53ba94fdb4b7f91ca2_2_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_bb0d591c9b444f53ba94fdb4b7f91ca2_2_1">
<legend id="bb0d591c9b444f53ba94fdb4b7f91ca2_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">The argument that Goliath and Lumpl are not identical appeals to</legend>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_bb0d591c9b444f53ba94fdb4b7f91ca2_2_1" id="input_bb0d591c9b444f53ba94fdb4b7f91ca2_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="bb0d591c9b444f53ba94fdb4b7f91ca2_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_bb0d591c9b444f53ba94fdb4b7f91ca2_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_bb0d591c9b444f53ba94fdb4b7f91ca2_2_1"> the identity of indiscernibles
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_bb0d591c9b444f53ba94fdb4b7f91ca2_2_1" id="input_bb0d591c9b444f53ba94fdb4b7f91ca2_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="bb0d591c9b444f53ba94fdb4b7f91ca2_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_bb0d591c9b444f53ba94fdb4b7f91ca2_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_bb0d591c9b444f53ba94fdb4b7f91ca2_2_1"> the indiscernibility of identicals
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_bb0d591c9b444f53ba94fdb4b7f91ca2_2_1" id="input_bb0d591c9b444f53ba94fdb4b7f91ca2_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="bb0d591c9b444f53ba94fdb4b7f91ca2_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_bb0d591c9b444f53ba94fdb4b7f91ca2_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_bb0d591c9b444f53ba94fdb4b7f91ca2_2_1"> both
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_bb0d591c9b444f53ba94fdb4b7f91ca2_2_1" id="input_bb0d591c9b444f53ba94fdb4b7f91ca2_2_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_3"/><label id="bb0d591c9b444f53ba94fdb4b7f91ca2_2_1-choice_3-label" for="input_bb0d591c9b444f53ba94fdb4b7f91ca2_2_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_bb0d591c9b444f53ba94fdb4b7f91ca2_2_1"> neither
</label>
</div>
<span id="answer_bb0d591c9b444f53ba94fdb4b7f91ca2_2_1"/>
</fieldset>
<div class="indicator-container">
<span class="status unanswered" id="status_bb0d591c9b444f53ba94fdb4b7f91ca2_2_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered.">
<span class="sr">unanswered</span><span class="status-icon" aria-hidden="true"/>
</span>
</div>
</div></div>
<div class="solution-span">
<span id="solution_bb0d591c9b444f53ba94fdb4b7f91ca2_solution_1"/>
</div></div>
<div class="action">
<input type="hidden" name="problem_id" value="Problem: Leibniz&#39;s Law" />
<div class="submit-attempt-container">
<button type="button" class="submit btn-brand" data-submitting="Submitting" data-value="Submit" data-should-enable-submit-button="True" aria-describedby="submission_feedback_bb0d591c9b444f53ba94fdb4b7f91ca2" >
<span class="submit-label">Submit</span>
</button>
<div class="submission-feedback" id="submission_feedback_bb0d591c9b444f53ba94fdb4b7f91ca2">
<span class="sr">Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="problem-action-buttons-wrapper">
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-gentle-alert
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-exclamation-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="bb0d591c9b444f53ba94fdb4b7f91ca2-problem-title">
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-save
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-save" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="bb0d591c9b444f53ba94fdb4b7f91ca2-problem-title">None
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification general notification-show-answer
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-info-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="bb0d591c9b444f53ba94fdb4b7f91ca2-problem-title">Answers are displayed within the problem
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
"
data-graded="False">
<p class="loading-spinner">
<i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
<span class="sr">Loading…</span>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-block-type="vertical" data-graded="False" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-runtime-version="1" data-has-score="False" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@vertical+block@895e259f76584c8ea0c8c5bd09ff8c0e" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-request-token="4062d31005d211f095120e84ffb47eb3" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Introducing Functionalism</h2>
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@html+block@ebfe3044bc37443da5de9d1f1e955abc">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-block-type="html" data-graded="False" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-has-score="False" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@html+block@ebfe3044bc37443da5de9d1f1e955abc" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-request-token="4062d31005d211f095120e84ffb47eb3" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<h1>Block on Functionalism</h1>
<p>As an introduction to functionalism, we hear from Ned Block, who places the view in the context of the other theories of mind we’ve been discussing. You should have a sense of the overall terrain, and how functionalism fits into it, by the end of this part of the lecture.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@01f2e55ca6fa4929b1f66fdf580a97e2">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-block-type="video" data-graded="False" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-has-score="False" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@01f2e55ca6fa4929b1f66fdf580a97e2" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-request-token="4062d31005d211f095120e84ffb47eb3" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Video"}
</script>
<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video: Block on Functionalism</h3>
<div
id="video_01f2e55ca6fa4929b1f66fdf580a97e2"
class="video closed"
data-metadata='{"streams": "1.00:yglDGPLYJSs", "savedVideoPosition": 0.0, "poster": "https://mitx-edx-video-meta-storage.s3.amazonaws.com/media/video-images/d39ef63e30c346c3a2ff07d1671651ff.jpeg?Signature=MhPN%2B%2BXK0kJG4CAL8wpuIkJHE5s%3D&AWSAccessKeyId=ASIA4QDFFSURQM7XYTB3&x-amz-security-token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjED0aCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJHMEUCIGSZ5YpG8fnrq1r53QBM0TzQsvsfPS9oJEN%2FgYbwKBTgAiEAsU5N2AGY2EwjpzSbAlm4tptYcRxQyUUMclpuJf3vITYqwQUIlv%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARADGgw4NTkyMDU2Mzc0MTEiDIYLUoS3lfguB3COjCqVBcMTsvg8VUB6Mu4UCIqUPlNiVr2Jv%2By5ei8lXMesx0E5tKsRyjlJYtWXavizFKxb1xumkmYscLXePesZ5xk5L0TsZD47JD5VAooaVCpVI22avC5SPGsUCK%2BLgi3nfL%2FOXIMlZQC7gMM75bRfKoAYzbU9REx4RafIcW02OnlrePu9bC5pY4pSd0hyWvyiX6CG%2Fkx0lpIpVg%2F2yLIkg4kjjW0mAARAucqvGrN0GNBxMiKUgqSXVBTYknZojoGIp8LIkes6LRXP4jwI8Y4b0ETKZdwMJno9OGy0Rcyyt6b0woj0ObTb5iERl191%2Fon9Zol3R%2BsTyDWLEBueaeWqAhq2rSkwL4rIfWKUyUpMOZsRrt%2F8RCnOVOfMaZRQNUGDMFQFAZ23RJwSAOY4pFp%2FAyvTzX2ye50yVU0oAH2NxE7A%2BzINz5OQrPtcxHKCXDzc1k%2BGpc%2FD4IZ9bqBNSSaluED%2BsXMYgSUZssHLVAxLzdOgtvpIGhYEyJMOBss6FTENMXyqCpGpoHBYP7nHUqt2uOJq9%2BnB8trle2GP%2FA9kHLltfW4nwUpAGLHYuPNmKbmE5JuzSd6d8o%2FRsmqtdmOdJcpVnlDZ8Y0locIkq7TxjoUOCND4%2FDdrAw7Epoxk%2BYVsKeNNjKQaWdM%2FmK8sHqv1xp2Vv9dQrBqMKP1EYxhc3K4SmulQEUQDNKSTpDECougQBVC4eYUhlADFqlNPsLM1sifgFxjyXx5Qv56fBH2h0wp2Qks824bXw%2BFboarUcoA1MPPgNWkQtFp%2B7GX5sgfRXdUmM1cKHS9PA5DWuaxdQLd%2Bo7VsQOWIfgV9RxZDawR88cMX%2F1arJ%2BPbrQR2sETZwHRYErLu6a9T7lMouCl2Lq1J8jdWdcmxhs0wx%2FTxvgY6sQEy86Dsvh8tP901CpDNai%2BTPh7zrPCuUnLkfc4U52dF1wzto6H1ISUVo3WX2KiaBn6UpsBm4XaupKi6KytEC%2B8J%2BaSTmfQeqrEbngHrJ3cuZewvqyEu2ZsqoY3Kgl%2F6RTdiKTWHe4x9VbS6BFgmCzPg%2Bbo08P6HvvMxlRMsLTzFQZloX1FmJ0bfg5zvd%2FEIit%2BdhHWp623FLaD6no7yjh0U47bRJM6Rz6%2Bo5r5Xh7YKbGk%3D&Expires=1742506404", "captionDataDir": null, "transcriptTranslationUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@01f2e55ca6fa4929b1f66fdf580a97e2/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__", "lmsRootURL": "https://openlearninglibrary.mit.edu", "saveStateUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@01f2e55ca6fa4929b1f66fdf580a97e2/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state", "ytTestTimeout": 1500, "autoplay": false, "ytApiUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api", "completionEnabled": false, "showCaptions": "true", "transcriptLanguages": {"en": "English"}, "end": 0.0, "start": 0.0, "saveStateEnabled": false, "prioritizeHls": false, "generalSpeed": 1.0, "recordedYoutubeIsAvailable": true, "sources": ["https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT2409X/MIT2409XT315-V045100_DTH.mp4", "https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT2409XT315-V045100/MIT2409XT315-V045100.m3u8"], "publishCompletionUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@01f2e55ca6fa4929b1f66fdf580a97e2/handler/publish_completion", "speed": null, "duration": 106.47, "transcriptLanguage": "en", "ytMetadataEndpoint": "", "autoAdvance": false, "transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@01f2e55ca6fa4929b1f66fdf580a97e2/handler/transcript/available_translations", "autohideHtml5": false, "completionPercentage": 0.95}'
data-bumper-metadata='null'
data-autoadvance-enabled="False"
data-poster='null'
tabindex="-1"
>
<div class="focus_grabber first"></div>
<div class="tc-wrapper">
<div class="video-wrapper">
<span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span>
<span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span>
<div class="video-player-pre"></div>
<div class="video-player">
<div id="01f2e55ca6fa4929b1f66fdf580a97e2"></div>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden">
Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser.
</h4>
</div>
<div class="video-player-post"></div>
<div class="closed-captions"></div>
<div class="video-controls is-hidden">
<div>
<div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div>
<div class="secondary-controls"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="focus_grabber last"></div>
<h3 class="hd hd-4 downloads-heading sr" id="video-download-transcripts_01f2e55ca6fa4929b1f66fdf580a97e2">Downloads and transcripts</h3>
<div class="wrapper-downloads" role="region" aria-labelledby="video-download-transcripts_01f2e55ca6fa4929b1f66fdf580a97e2">
<div class="wrapper-download-transcripts">
<h4 class="hd hd-5">Transcripts</h4>
<ul class="list-download-transcripts">
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@01f2e55ca6fa4929b1f66fdf580a97e2/handler/transcript/download" data-value="srt">Download SubRip (.srt) file</a>
</li>
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@01f2e55ca6fa4929b1f66fdf580a97e2/handler/transcript/download" data-value="txt">Download Text (.txt) file</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-2" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@html+block@8940903ef5144ca1aad74ea952ee5eba">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-block-type="html" data-graded="False" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-has-score="False" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@html+block@8940903ef5144ca1aad74ea952ee5eba" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-request-token="4062d31005d211f095120e84ffb47eb3" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<p>The article by Block mentioned in the lecture segment is “<a href="/assets/courseware/v1/5b3eba11058447798aa9761918f84457/asset-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@asset+block/14_block_what_is_functionalism.pdf">What is functionalism?</a>”</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-block-type="vertical" data-graded="False" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-runtime-version="1" data-has-score="False" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@vertical+block@926258a3ad9e4cfc8b641b7c42626b53" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-request-token="4062d31005d211f095120e84ffb47eb3" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">The Motivation: Multiple Realizability Again</h2>
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@html+block@5fc639f3d60649c38ce45e632f817a35">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-block-type="html" data-graded="False" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-has-score="False" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@html+block@5fc639f3d60649c38ce45e632f817a35" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-request-token="4062d31005d211f095120e84ffb47eb3" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<h1>The Motivation</h1>
<p>Let us look back on the theories of mind surveyed thus far, and see what we would like to do better. We will start by considering a problem with the identity theory, and then recall some of the reasons behaviorism was not so good. These are the problems that functionalism is designed to fix.</p>
<p>By the end of this part of the lecture, you should be clear on some of the problems with both the identity theory and behaviorism.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@11ea2386786f4b5f80b447c0ccf7f9b7">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-block-type="video" data-graded="False" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-has-score="False" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@11ea2386786f4b5f80b447c0ccf7f9b7" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-request-token="4062d31005d211f095120e84ffb47eb3" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Video"}
</script>
<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video: Multiple Realizability Again</h3>
<div
id="video_11ea2386786f4b5f80b447c0ccf7f9b7"
class="video closed"
data-metadata='{"streams": "1.00:8w6ryXiwz4Y", "savedVideoPosition": 0.0, "poster": "https://mitx-edx-video-meta-storage.s3.amazonaws.com/media/video-images/0b7e95565b574b91b2bfb364d0fc28d2.jpeg?Signature=vlKMIaTvFhHJ2ysoSYH%2B1MUqJYg%3D&AWSAccessKeyId=ASIA4QDFFSURQM7XYTB3&x-amz-security-token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjED0aCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJHMEUCIGSZ5YpG8fnrq1r53QBM0TzQsvsfPS9oJEN%2FgYbwKBTgAiEAsU5N2AGY2EwjpzSbAlm4tptYcRxQyUUMclpuJf3vITYqwQUIlv%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARADGgw4NTkyMDU2Mzc0MTEiDIYLUoS3lfguB3COjCqVBcMTsvg8VUB6Mu4UCIqUPlNiVr2Jv%2By5ei8lXMesx0E5tKsRyjlJYtWXavizFKxb1xumkmYscLXePesZ5xk5L0TsZD47JD5VAooaVCpVI22avC5SPGsUCK%2BLgi3nfL%2FOXIMlZQC7gMM75bRfKoAYzbU9REx4RafIcW02OnlrePu9bC5pY4pSd0hyWvyiX6CG%2Fkx0lpIpVg%2F2yLIkg4kjjW0mAARAucqvGrN0GNBxMiKUgqSXVBTYknZojoGIp8LIkes6LRXP4jwI8Y4b0ETKZdwMJno9OGy0Rcyyt6b0woj0ObTb5iERl191%2Fon9Zol3R%2BsTyDWLEBueaeWqAhq2rSkwL4rIfWKUyUpMOZsRrt%2F8RCnOVOfMaZRQNUGDMFQFAZ23RJwSAOY4pFp%2FAyvTzX2ye50yVU0oAH2NxE7A%2BzINz5OQrPtcxHKCXDzc1k%2BGpc%2FD4IZ9bqBNSSaluED%2BsXMYgSUZssHLVAxLzdOgtvpIGhYEyJMOBss6FTENMXyqCpGpoHBYP7nHUqt2uOJq9%2BnB8trle2GP%2FA9kHLltfW4nwUpAGLHYuPNmKbmE5JuzSd6d8o%2FRsmqtdmOdJcpVnlDZ8Y0locIkq7TxjoUOCND4%2FDdrAw7Epoxk%2BYVsKeNNjKQaWdM%2FmK8sHqv1xp2Vv9dQrBqMKP1EYxhc3K4SmulQEUQDNKSTpDECougQBVC4eYUhlADFqlNPsLM1sifgFxjyXx5Qv56fBH2h0wp2Qks824bXw%2BFboarUcoA1MPPgNWkQtFp%2B7GX5sgfRXdUmM1cKHS9PA5DWuaxdQLd%2Bo7VsQOWIfgV9RxZDawR88cMX%2F1arJ%2BPbrQR2sETZwHRYErLu6a9T7lMouCl2Lq1J8jdWdcmxhs0wx%2FTxvgY6sQEy86Dsvh8tP901CpDNai%2BTPh7zrPCuUnLkfc4U52dF1wzto6H1ISUVo3WX2KiaBn6UpsBm4XaupKi6KytEC%2B8J%2BaSTmfQeqrEbngHrJ3cuZewvqyEu2ZsqoY3Kgl%2F6RTdiKTWHe4x9VbS6BFgmCzPg%2Bbo08P6HvvMxlRMsLTzFQZloX1FmJ0bfg5zvd%2FEIit%2BdhHWp623FLaD6no7yjh0U47bRJM6Rz6%2Bo5r5Xh7YKbGk%3D&Expires=1742506404", "captionDataDir": null, "transcriptTranslationUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@11ea2386786f4b5f80b447c0ccf7f9b7/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__", "lmsRootURL": "https://openlearninglibrary.mit.edu", "saveStateUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@11ea2386786f4b5f80b447c0ccf7f9b7/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state", "ytTestTimeout": 1500, "autoplay": false, "ytApiUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api", "completionEnabled": false, "showCaptions": "true", "transcriptLanguages": {"en": "English"}, "end": 0.0, "start": 0.0, "saveStateEnabled": false, "prioritizeHls": false, "generalSpeed": 1.0, "recordedYoutubeIsAvailable": true, "sources": ["https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT2409X/MIT2409XT315-V045500_DTH.mp4", "https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT2409XT315-V045500/MIT2409XT315-V045500.m3u8"], "publishCompletionUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@11ea2386786f4b5f80b447c0ccf7f9b7/handler/publish_completion", "speed": null, "duration": 455.29, "transcriptLanguage": "en", "ytMetadataEndpoint": "", "autoAdvance": false, "transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@11ea2386786f4b5f80b447c0ccf7f9b7/handler/transcript/available_translations", "autohideHtml5": false, "completionPercentage": 0.95}'
data-bumper-metadata='null'
data-autoadvance-enabled="False"
data-poster='null'
tabindex="-1"
>
<div class="focus_grabber first"></div>
<div class="tc-wrapper">
<div class="video-wrapper">
<span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span>
<span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span>
<div class="video-player-pre"></div>
<div class="video-player">
<div id="11ea2386786f4b5f80b447c0ccf7f9b7"></div>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden">
Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser.
</h4>
</div>
<div class="video-player-post"></div>
<div class="closed-captions"></div>
<div class="video-controls is-hidden">
<div>
<div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div>
<div class="secondary-controls"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="focus_grabber last"></div>
<h3 class="hd hd-4 downloads-heading sr" id="video-download-transcripts_11ea2386786f4b5f80b447c0ccf7f9b7">Downloads and transcripts</h3>
<div class="wrapper-downloads" role="region" aria-labelledby="video-download-transcripts_11ea2386786f4b5f80b447c0ccf7f9b7">
<div class="wrapper-download-transcripts">
<h4 class="hd hd-5">Transcripts</h4>
<ul class="list-download-transcripts">
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@11ea2386786f4b5f80b447c0ccf7f9b7/handler/transcript/download" data-value="srt">Download SubRip (.srt) file</a>
</li>
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@11ea2386786f4b5f80b447c0ccf7f9b7/handler/transcript/download" data-value="txt">Download Text (.txt) file</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-2" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@3fb257b58eea4dac9b35b5eeace88d1e">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-block-type="problem" data-graded="False" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-has-score="True" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@3fb257b58eea4dac9b35b5eeace88d1e" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-request-token="4062d31005d211f095120e84ffb47eb3" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Problem"}
</script>
<div id="problem_3fb257b58eea4dac9b35b5eeace88d1e" class="problems-wrapper" role="group"
aria-labelledby="3fb257b58eea4dac9b35b5eeace88d1e-problem-title"
data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@3fb257b58eea4dac9b35b5eeace88d1e" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@3fb257b58eea4dac9b35b5eeace88d1e/handler/xmodule_handler"
data-problem-score="0"
data-problem-total-possible="0"
data-attempts-used="0"
data-content="
<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="3fb257b58eea4dac9b35b5eeace88d1e-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@3fb257b58eea4dac9b35b5eeace88d1e-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Problem: Putnam&#39;s formulation
</h3>
<div class="problem-progress" id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@3fb257b58eea4dac9b35b5eeace88d1e-problem-progress"></div>
<div class="problem">
<div>
<p>Consider the following claim, in effect Putnam&#8217;s formulation of the identity theory:</p>
<p>S is in pain iff (a) S possesses a brain of a suitable physical-chemical structure, connected to c-fibers and (b) those c-fibers are firing.</p>
<p>A simpler version (the one we have been using for illustration in the lectures) omits (a):</p>
<p>S is in pain iff S has firing c-fibers</p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_3fb257b58eea4dac9b35b5eeace88d1e_2_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_3fb257b58eea4dac9b35b5eeace88d1e_2_1">
<legend id="3fb257b58eea4dac9b35b5eeace88d1e_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">An example poses a problem for the simpler version, and motivates the move to Putnam&#8217;s formulation. What is it?</legend>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_3fb257b58eea4dac9b35b5eeace88d1e_2_1" id="input_3fb257b58eea4dac9b35b5eeace88d1e_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="3fb257b58eea4dac9b35b5eeace88d1e_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_3fb257b58eea4dac9b35b5eeace88d1e_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_3fb257b58eea4dac9b35b5eeace88d1e_2_1"> Someone whose neurons are completely replaced by silicon chips.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_3fb257b58eea4dac9b35b5eeace88d1e_2_1" id="input_3fb257b58eea4dac9b35b5eeace88d1e_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="3fb257b58eea4dac9b35b5eeace88d1e_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_3fb257b58eea4dac9b35b5eeace88d1e_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_3fb257b58eea4dac9b35b5eeace88d1e_2_1"> A petri dish containing firing c-fibers.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_3fb257b58eea4dac9b35b5eeace88d1e_2_1" id="input_3fb257b58eea4dac9b35b5eeace88d1e_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="3fb257b58eea4dac9b35b5eeace88d1e_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_3fb257b58eea4dac9b35b5eeace88d1e_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_3fb257b58eea4dac9b35b5eeace88d1e_2_1"> Someone whose c-fibers are replaced by d-fibers.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_3fb257b58eea4dac9b35b5eeace88d1e_2_1" id="input_3fb257b58eea4dac9b35b5eeace88d1e_2_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_3"/><label id="3fb257b58eea4dac9b35b5eeace88d1e_2_1-choice_3-label" for="input_3fb257b58eea4dac9b35b5eeace88d1e_2_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_3fb257b58eea4dac9b35b5eeace88d1e_2_1"> Someone in pain who lacks c-fibers.
</label>
</div>
<span id="answer_3fb257b58eea4dac9b35b5eeace88d1e_2_1"/>
</fieldset>
<div class="indicator-container">
<span class="status unanswered" id="status_3fb257b58eea4dac9b35b5eeace88d1e_2_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered.">
<span class="sr">unanswered</span><span class="status-icon" aria-hidden="true"/>
</span>
</div>
</div></div>
<div class="solution-span">
<span id="solution_3fb257b58eea4dac9b35b5eeace88d1e_solution_1"/>
</div></div>
<div class="action">
<input type="hidden" name="problem_id" value="Problem: Putnam&#39;s formulation" />
<div class="submit-attempt-container">
<button type="button" class="submit btn-brand" data-submitting="Submitting" data-value="Submit" data-should-enable-submit-button="True" aria-describedby="submission_feedback_3fb257b58eea4dac9b35b5eeace88d1e" >
<span class="submit-label">Submit</span>
</button>
<div class="submission-feedback" id="submission_feedback_3fb257b58eea4dac9b35b5eeace88d1e">
<span class="sr">Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="problem-action-buttons-wrapper">
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-gentle-alert
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-exclamation-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="3fb257b58eea4dac9b35b5eeace88d1e-problem-title">
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-save
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-save" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="3fb257b58eea4dac9b35b5eeace88d1e-problem-title">None
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification general notification-show-answer
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-info-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="3fb257b58eea4dac9b35b5eeace88d1e-problem-title">Answers are displayed within the problem
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
"
data-graded="False">
<p class="loading-spinner">
<i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
<span class="sr">Loading…</span>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-block-type="vertical" data-graded="False" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-runtime-version="1" data-has-score="False" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@vertical+block@459112ad368242b695f13397cf8cd213" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-request-token="4062d31005d211f095120e84ffb47eb3" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">The Motivation: Some Lessons from Behaviorism</h2>
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@fd31dd4d590d49cebd611fd2e7c3303b">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-block-type="video" data-graded="False" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-has-score="False" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@fd31dd4d590d49cebd611fd2e7c3303b" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-request-token="4062d31005d211f095120e84ffb47eb3" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Video"}
</script>
<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video: Some Lessons from Behaviorism</h3>
<div
id="video_fd31dd4d590d49cebd611fd2e7c3303b"
class="video closed"
data-metadata='{"streams": "1.00:Uzj2BnPfhqo", "savedVideoPosition": 0.0, "poster": "https://mitx-edx-video-meta-storage.s3.amazonaws.com/media/video-images/2f0aed1b51f346aaaa13812235da70ef.jpeg?Signature=Dje%2FauA6Sa55RdloIa%2FhCEDkyVc%3D&AWSAccessKeyId=ASIA4QDFFSURQM7XYTB3&x-amz-security-token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjED0aCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJHMEUCIGSZ5YpG8fnrq1r53QBM0TzQsvsfPS9oJEN%2FgYbwKBTgAiEAsU5N2AGY2EwjpzSbAlm4tptYcRxQyUUMclpuJf3vITYqwQUIlv%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARADGgw4NTkyMDU2Mzc0MTEiDIYLUoS3lfguB3COjCqVBcMTsvg8VUB6Mu4UCIqUPlNiVr2Jv%2By5ei8lXMesx0E5tKsRyjlJYtWXavizFKxb1xumkmYscLXePesZ5xk5L0TsZD47JD5VAooaVCpVI22avC5SPGsUCK%2BLgi3nfL%2FOXIMlZQC7gMM75bRfKoAYzbU9REx4RafIcW02OnlrePu9bC5pY4pSd0hyWvyiX6CG%2Fkx0lpIpVg%2F2yLIkg4kjjW0mAARAucqvGrN0GNBxMiKUgqSXVBTYknZojoGIp8LIkes6LRXP4jwI8Y4b0ETKZdwMJno9OGy0Rcyyt6b0woj0ObTb5iERl191%2Fon9Zol3R%2BsTyDWLEBueaeWqAhq2rSkwL4rIfWKUyUpMOZsRrt%2F8RCnOVOfMaZRQNUGDMFQFAZ23RJwSAOY4pFp%2FAyvTzX2ye50yVU0oAH2NxE7A%2BzINz5OQrPtcxHKCXDzc1k%2BGpc%2FD4IZ9bqBNSSaluED%2BsXMYgSUZssHLVAxLzdOgtvpIGhYEyJMOBss6FTENMXyqCpGpoHBYP7nHUqt2uOJq9%2BnB8trle2GP%2FA9kHLltfW4nwUpAGLHYuPNmKbmE5JuzSd6d8o%2FRsmqtdmOdJcpVnlDZ8Y0locIkq7TxjoUOCND4%2FDdrAw7Epoxk%2BYVsKeNNjKQaWdM%2FmK8sHqv1xp2Vv9dQrBqMKP1EYxhc3K4SmulQEUQDNKSTpDECougQBVC4eYUhlADFqlNPsLM1sifgFxjyXx5Qv56fBH2h0wp2Qks824bXw%2BFboarUcoA1MPPgNWkQtFp%2B7GX5sgfRXdUmM1cKHS9PA5DWuaxdQLd%2Bo7VsQOWIfgV9RxZDawR88cMX%2F1arJ%2BPbrQR2sETZwHRYErLu6a9T7lMouCl2Lq1J8jdWdcmxhs0wx%2FTxvgY6sQEy86Dsvh8tP901CpDNai%2BTPh7zrPCuUnLkfc4U52dF1wzto6H1ISUVo3WX2KiaBn6UpsBm4XaupKi6KytEC%2B8J%2BaSTmfQeqrEbngHrJ3cuZewvqyEu2ZsqoY3Kgl%2F6RTdiKTWHe4x9VbS6BFgmCzPg%2Bbo08P6HvvMxlRMsLTzFQZloX1FmJ0bfg5zvd%2FEIit%2BdhHWp623FLaD6no7yjh0U47bRJM6Rz6%2Bo5r5Xh7YKbGk%3D&Expires=1742506405", "captionDataDir": null, "transcriptTranslationUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@fd31dd4d590d49cebd611fd2e7c3303b/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__", "lmsRootURL": "https://openlearninglibrary.mit.edu", "saveStateUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@fd31dd4d590d49cebd611fd2e7c3303b/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state", "ytTestTimeout": 1500, "autoplay": false, "ytApiUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api", "completionEnabled": false, "showCaptions": "true", "transcriptLanguages": {"en": "English"}, "end": 0.0, "start": 0.0, "saveStateEnabled": false, "prioritizeHls": false, "generalSpeed": 1.0, "recordedYoutubeIsAvailable": true, "sources": ["https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT2409X/MIT2409XT315-V044900_DTH.mp4", "https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT2409XT315-V044900/MIT2409XT315-V044900.m3u8"], "publishCompletionUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@fd31dd4d590d49cebd611fd2e7c3303b/handler/publish_completion", "speed": null, "duration": 43.28, "transcriptLanguage": "en", "ytMetadataEndpoint": "", "autoAdvance": false, "transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@fd31dd4d590d49cebd611fd2e7c3303b/handler/transcript/available_translations", "autohideHtml5": false, "completionPercentage": 0.95}'
data-bumper-metadata='null'
data-autoadvance-enabled="False"
data-poster='null'
tabindex="-1"
>
<div class="focus_grabber first"></div>
<div class="tc-wrapper">
<div class="video-wrapper">
<span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span>
<span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span>
<div class="video-player-pre"></div>
<div class="video-player">
<div id="fd31dd4d590d49cebd611fd2e7c3303b"></div>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden">
Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser.
</h4>
</div>
<div class="video-player-post"></div>
<div class="closed-captions"></div>
<div class="video-controls is-hidden">
<div>
<div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div>
<div class="secondary-controls"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="focus_grabber last"></div>
<h3 class="hd hd-4 downloads-heading sr" id="video-download-transcripts_fd31dd4d590d49cebd611fd2e7c3303b">Downloads and transcripts</h3>
<div class="wrapper-downloads" role="region" aria-labelledby="video-download-transcripts_fd31dd4d590d49cebd611fd2e7c3303b">
<div class="wrapper-download-transcripts">
<h4 class="hd hd-5">Transcripts</h4>
<ul class="list-download-transcripts">
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@fd31dd4d590d49cebd611fd2e7c3303b/handler/transcript/download" data-value="srt">Download SubRip (.srt) file</a>
</li>
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@fd31dd4d590d49cebd611fd2e7c3303b/handler/transcript/download" data-value="txt">Download Text (.txt) file</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@78bbb3565cc140c08449a354683b4e79">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-block-type="problem" data-graded="False" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-has-score="True" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@78bbb3565cc140c08449a354683b4e79" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-request-token="4062d31005d211f095120e84ffb47eb3" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Problem"}
</script>
<div id="problem_78bbb3565cc140c08449a354683b4e79" class="problems-wrapper" role="group"
aria-labelledby="78bbb3565cc140c08449a354683b4e79-problem-title"
data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@78bbb3565cc140c08449a354683b4e79" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@78bbb3565cc140c08449a354683b4e79/handler/xmodule_handler"
data-problem-score="0"
data-problem-total-possible="0"
data-attempts-used="0"
data-content="
<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="78bbb3565cc140c08449a354683b4e79-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@78bbb3565cc140c08449a354683b4e79-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Problem: consistent
</h3>
<div class="problem-progress" id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@78bbb3565cc140c08449a354683b4e79-problem-progress"></div>
<div class="problem">
<div>
<p>Consider the following schematic behaviorist claim:</p>
<p>S is in mental state M iff S is disposed to perform behavior B</p>
<p>Suppose the disposition to perform behavior B* is associated by the behaviorist <em>both</em> with mental state M1 <em>and</em> mental state M2. Assume that there is someone S who is in M1 but not in M2. Is this consistent with the above behaviorist claim?</p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_78bbb3565cc140c08449a354683b4e79_2_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_78bbb3565cc140c08449a354683b4e79_2_1">
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_78bbb3565cc140c08449a354683b4e79_2_1" id="input_78bbb3565cc140c08449a354683b4e79_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="78bbb3565cc140c08449a354683b4e79_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_78bbb3565cc140c08449a354683b4e79_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_78bbb3565cc140c08449a354683b4e79_2_1"> yes
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_78bbb3565cc140c08449a354683b4e79_2_1" id="input_78bbb3565cc140c08449a354683b4e79_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="78bbb3565cc140c08449a354683b4e79_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_78bbb3565cc140c08449a354683b4e79_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_78bbb3565cc140c08449a354683b4e79_2_1"> no
</label>
</div>
<span id="answer_78bbb3565cc140c08449a354683b4e79_2_1"/>
</fieldset>
<div class="indicator-container">
<span class="status unanswered" id="status_78bbb3565cc140c08449a354683b4e79_2_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered.">
<span class="sr">unanswered</span><span class="status-icon" aria-hidden="true"/>
</span>
</div>
</div></div>
<div class="solution-span">
<span id="solution_78bbb3565cc140c08449a354683b4e79_solution_1"/>
</div></div>
<div class="action">
<input type="hidden" name="problem_id" value="Problem: consistent" />
<div class="submit-attempt-container">
<button type="button" class="submit btn-brand" data-submitting="Submitting" data-value="Submit" data-should-enable-submit-button="True" aria-describedby="submission_feedback_78bbb3565cc140c08449a354683b4e79" >
<span class="submit-label">Submit</span>
</button>
<div class="submission-feedback" id="submission_feedback_78bbb3565cc140c08449a354683b4e79">
<span class="sr">Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="problem-action-buttons-wrapper">
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-gentle-alert
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-exclamation-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="78bbb3565cc140c08449a354683b4e79-problem-title">
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-save
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-save" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="78bbb3565cc140c08449a354683b4e79-problem-title">None
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification general notification-show-answer
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-info-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="78bbb3565cc140c08449a354683b4e79-problem-title">Answers are displayed within the problem
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
"
data-graded="False">
<p class="loading-spinner">
<i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
<span class="sr">Loading…</span>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-block-type="vertical" data-graded="False" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-runtime-version="1" data-has-score="False" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@vertical+block@00efd4a337804462aa927916d50e4568" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-request-token="4062d31005d211f095120e84ffb47eb3" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Functionalism: Functional States</h2>
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@html+block@4179eb7c36434c0ca570b243847df6cb">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-block-type="html" data-graded="False" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-has-score="False" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@html+block@4179eb7c36434c0ca570b243847df6cb" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-request-token="4062d31005d211f095120e84ffb47eb3" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<h1>Functionalism</h1>
<p>You’ve seen the problems; now for the solution. We begin by using a simple example to demonstrate the idea of a <em>functional state</em>, and then (in the next segment) we get to functionalism as a theory of the mind. By the end of this part of the lecture, you should have a basic understanding of functionalism.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@fd63ce75a33a4563b65515a1000d3052">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-block-type="video" data-graded="False" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-has-score="False" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@fd63ce75a33a4563b65515a1000d3052" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-request-token="4062d31005d211f095120e84ffb47eb3" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Video"}
</script>
<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video: Functional States</h3>
<div
id="video_fd63ce75a33a4563b65515a1000d3052"
class="video closed"
data-metadata='{"streams": "1.00:TCvJoutlKkk", "savedVideoPosition": 0.0, "poster": "https://mitx-edx-video-meta-storage.s3.amazonaws.com/media/video-images/c89e2e6eda7f44ada7cfc5cc51525984.jpeg?Signature=%2BnwzIIXW5y5u2DSiOUTP0TQdkio%3D&AWSAccessKeyId=ASIA4QDFFSURQM7XYTB3&x-amz-security-token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjED0aCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJHMEUCIGSZ5YpG8fnrq1r53QBM0TzQsvsfPS9oJEN%2FgYbwKBTgAiEAsU5N2AGY2EwjpzSbAlm4tptYcRxQyUUMclpuJf3vITYqwQUIlv%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARADGgw4NTkyMDU2Mzc0MTEiDIYLUoS3lfguB3COjCqVBcMTsvg8VUB6Mu4UCIqUPlNiVr2Jv%2By5ei8lXMesx0E5tKsRyjlJYtWXavizFKxb1xumkmYscLXePesZ5xk5L0TsZD47JD5VAooaVCpVI22avC5SPGsUCK%2BLgi3nfL%2FOXIMlZQC7gMM75bRfKoAYzbU9REx4RafIcW02OnlrePu9bC5pY4pSd0hyWvyiX6CG%2Fkx0lpIpVg%2F2yLIkg4kjjW0mAARAucqvGrN0GNBxMiKUgqSXVBTYknZojoGIp8LIkes6LRXP4jwI8Y4b0ETKZdwMJno9OGy0Rcyyt6b0woj0ObTb5iERl191%2Fon9Zol3R%2BsTyDWLEBueaeWqAhq2rSkwL4rIfWKUyUpMOZsRrt%2F8RCnOVOfMaZRQNUGDMFQFAZ23RJwSAOY4pFp%2FAyvTzX2ye50yVU0oAH2NxE7A%2BzINz5OQrPtcxHKCXDzc1k%2BGpc%2FD4IZ9bqBNSSaluED%2BsXMYgSUZssHLVAxLzdOgtvpIGhYEyJMOBss6FTENMXyqCpGpoHBYP7nHUqt2uOJq9%2BnB8trle2GP%2FA9kHLltfW4nwUpAGLHYuPNmKbmE5JuzSd6d8o%2FRsmqtdmOdJcpVnlDZ8Y0locIkq7TxjoUOCND4%2FDdrAw7Epoxk%2BYVsKeNNjKQaWdM%2FmK8sHqv1xp2Vv9dQrBqMKP1EYxhc3K4SmulQEUQDNKSTpDECougQBVC4eYUhlADFqlNPsLM1sifgFxjyXx5Qv56fBH2h0wp2Qks824bXw%2BFboarUcoA1MPPgNWkQtFp%2B7GX5sgfRXdUmM1cKHS9PA5DWuaxdQLd%2Bo7VsQOWIfgV9RxZDawR88cMX%2F1arJ%2BPbrQR2sETZwHRYErLu6a9T7lMouCl2Lq1J8jdWdcmxhs0wx%2FTxvgY6sQEy86Dsvh8tP901CpDNai%2BTPh7zrPCuUnLkfc4U52dF1wzto6H1ISUVo3WX2KiaBn6UpsBm4XaupKi6KytEC%2B8J%2BaSTmfQeqrEbngHrJ3cuZewvqyEu2ZsqoY3Kgl%2F6RTdiKTWHe4x9VbS6BFgmCzPg%2Bbo08P6HvvMxlRMsLTzFQZloX1FmJ0bfg5zvd%2FEIit%2BdhHWp623FLaD6no7yjh0U47bRJM6Rz6%2Bo5r5Xh7YKbGk%3D&Expires=1742506405", "captionDataDir": null, "transcriptTranslationUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@fd63ce75a33a4563b65515a1000d3052/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__", "lmsRootURL": "https://openlearninglibrary.mit.edu", "saveStateUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@fd63ce75a33a4563b65515a1000d3052/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state", "ytTestTimeout": 1500, "autoplay": false, "ytApiUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api", "completionEnabled": false, "showCaptions": "true", "transcriptLanguages": {"en": "English"}, "end": 0.0, "start": 0.0, "saveStateEnabled": false, "prioritizeHls": false, "generalSpeed": 1.0, "recordedYoutubeIsAvailable": true, "sources": ["https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT2409X/MIT2409XT315-V045300_DTH.mp4", "https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT2409XT315-V045300/MIT2409XT315-V045300.m3u8"], "publishCompletionUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@fd63ce75a33a4563b65515a1000d3052/handler/publish_completion", "speed": null, "duration": 417.65, "transcriptLanguage": "en", "ytMetadataEndpoint": "", "autoAdvance": false, "transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@fd63ce75a33a4563b65515a1000d3052/handler/transcript/available_translations", "autohideHtml5": false, "completionPercentage": 0.95}'
data-bumper-metadata='null'
data-autoadvance-enabled="False"
data-poster='null'
tabindex="-1"
>
<div class="focus_grabber first"></div>
<div class="tc-wrapper">
<div class="video-wrapper">
<span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span>
<span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span>
<div class="video-player-pre"></div>
<div class="video-player">
<div id="fd63ce75a33a4563b65515a1000d3052"></div>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden">
Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser.
</h4>
</div>
<div class="video-player-post"></div>
<div class="closed-captions"></div>
<div class="video-controls is-hidden">
<div>
<div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div>
<div class="secondary-controls"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="focus_grabber last"></div>
<h3 class="hd hd-4 downloads-heading sr" id="video-download-transcripts_fd63ce75a33a4563b65515a1000d3052">Downloads and transcripts</h3>
<div class="wrapper-downloads" role="region" aria-labelledby="video-download-transcripts_fd63ce75a33a4563b65515a1000d3052">
<div class="wrapper-download-transcripts">
<h4 class="hd hd-5">Transcripts</h4>
<ul class="list-download-transcripts">
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@fd63ce75a33a4563b65515a1000d3052/handler/transcript/download" data-value="srt">Download SubRip (.srt) file</a>
</li>
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@fd63ce75a33a4563b65515a1000d3052/handler/transcript/download" data-value="txt">Download Text (.txt) file</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-2" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@19699336a5cd4a4499f4e6a7c4fa5e55">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-block-type="problem" data-graded="False" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-has-score="True" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@19699336a5cd4a4499f4e6a7c4fa5e55" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-request-token="4062d31005d211f095120e84ffb47eb3" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Problem"}
</script>
<div id="problem_19699336a5cd4a4499f4e6a7c4fa5e55" class="problems-wrapper" role="group"
aria-labelledby="19699336a5cd4a4499f4e6a7c4fa5e55-problem-title"
data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@19699336a5cd4a4499f4e6a7c4fa5e55" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@19699336a5cd4a4499f4e6a7c4fa5e55/handler/xmodule_handler"
data-problem-score="0"
data-problem-total-possible="0"
data-attempts-used="0"
data-content="
<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="19699336a5cd4a4499f4e6a7c4fa5e55-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@19699336a5cd4a4499f4e6a7c4fa5e55-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Problem: behavioral kind
</h3>
<div class="problem-progress" id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@19699336a5cd4a4499f4e6a7c4fa5e55-problem-progress"></div>
<div class="problem">
<div>
<p>Fill in the blank: two objects can be of the same behavioral kind even if they differ in ____. But this is not true for all functional kinds.</p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="inputtype option-input ">
<select name="input_19699336a5cd4a4499f4e6a7c4fa5e55_2_1" id="input_19699336a5cd4a4499f4e6a7c4fa5e55_2_1" aria-describedby="status_19699336a5cd4a4499f4e6a7c4fa5e55_2_1">
<option value="option_19699336a5cd4a4499f4e6a7c4fa5e55_2_1_dummy_default">Select an option</option>
<option value="Internal Organization"> Internal Organization</option>
<option value="External Input"> External Input</option>
<option value="Machine Output"> Machine Output</option>
<option value="Behavior"> Behavior</option>
<option value="Multiple Realizability"> Multiple Realizability</option>
</select>
<div class="indicator-container">
<span class="status unanswered" id="status_19699336a5cd4a4499f4e6a7c4fa5e55_2_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered.">
<span class="sr">unanswered</span><span class="status-icon" aria-hidden="true"/>
</span>
</div>
<p class="answer" id="answer_19699336a5cd4a4499f4e6a7c4fa5e55_2_1"/>
</div></div>
</div>
<div class="action">
<input type="hidden" name="problem_id" value="Problem: behavioral kind" />
<div class="submit-attempt-container">
<button type="button" class="submit btn-brand" data-submitting="Submitting" data-value="Submit" data-should-enable-submit-button="True" aria-describedby="submission_feedback_19699336a5cd4a4499f4e6a7c4fa5e55" >
<span class="submit-label">Submit</span>
</button>
<div class="submission-feedback" id="submission_feedback_19699336a5cd4a4499f4e6a7c4fa5e55">
<span class="sr">Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="problem-action-buttons-wrapper">
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-gentle-alert
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-exclamation-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="19699336a5cd4a4499f4e6a7c4fa5e55-problem-title">
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-save
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-save" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="19699336a5cd4a4499f4e6a7c4fa5e55-problem-title">None
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification general notification-show-answer
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-info-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="19699336a5cd4a4499f4e6a7c4fa5e55-problem-title">Answers are displayed within the problem
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
"
data-graded="False">
<p class="loading-spinner">
<i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
<span class="sr">Loading…</span>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-block-type="vertical" data-graded="False" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-runtime-version="1" data-has-score="False" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@vertical+block@f96d237fe04946dd8651059ae78dcab6" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-request-token="4062d31005d211f095120e84ffb47eb3" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Functionalism: Functionalism Stated</h2>
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@25372b6d55564925ba4f52831ac6cd69">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-block-type="video" data-graded="False" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-has-score="False" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@25372b6d55564925ba4f52831ac6cd69" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-request-token="4062d31005d211f095120e84ffb47eb3" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Video"}
</script>
<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video: Functionalism Stated</h3>
<div
id="video_25372b6d55564925ba4f52831ac6cd69"
class="video closed"
data-metadata='{"streams": "1.00:uYxxSgMuPQI", "savedVideoPosition": 0.0, "poster": "https://mitx-edx-video-meta-storage.s3.amazonaws.com/media/video-images/02eb81ebdcf14f3cb4e201c0cb0be0bc.jpeg?Signature=4H0BJMu3g8J2ZAO8QSnKqjNQV2k%3D&AWSAccessKeyId=ASIA4QDFFSURQM7XYTB3&x-amz-security-token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjED0aCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJHMEUCIGSZ5YpG8fnrq1r53QBM0TzQsvsfPS9oJEN%2FgYbwKBTgAiEAsU5N2AGY2EwjpzSbAlm4tptYcRxQyUUMclpuJf3vITYqwQUIlv%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARADGgw4NTkyMDU2Mzc0MTEiDIYLUoS3lfguB3COjCqVBcMTsvg8VUB6Mu4UCIqUPlNiVr2Jv%2By5ei8lXMesx0E5tKsRyjlJYtWXavizFKxb1xumkmYscLXePesZ5xk5L0TsZD47JD5VAooaVCpVI22avC5SPGsUCK%2BLgi3nfL%2FOXIMlZQC7gMM75bRfKoAYzbU9REx4RafIcW02OnlrePu9bC5pY4pSd0hyWvyiX6CG%2Fkx0lpIpVg%2F2yLIkg4kjjW0mAARAucqvGrN0GNBxMiKUgqSXVBTYknZojoGIp8LIkes6LRXP4jwI8Y4b0ETKZdwMJno9OGy0Rcyyt6b0woj0ObTb5iERl191%2Fon9Zol3R%2BsTyDWLEBueaeWqAhq2rSkwL4rIfWKUyUpMOZsRrt%2F8RCnOVOfMaZRQNUGDMFQFAZ23RJwSAOY4pFp%2FAyvTzX2ye50yVU0oAH2NxE7A%2BzINz5OQrPtcxHKCXDzc1k%2BGpc%2FD4IZ9bqBNSSaluED%2BsXMYgSUZssHLVAxLzdOgtvpIGhYEyJMOBss6FTENMXyqCpGpoHBYP7nHUqt2uOJq9%2BnB8trle2GP%2FA9kHLltfW4nwUpAGLHYuPNmKbmE5JuzSd6d8o%2FRsmqtdmOdJcpVnlDZ8Y0locIkq7TxjoUOCND4%2FDdrAw7Epoxk%2BYVsKeNNjKQaWdM%2FmK8sHqv1xp2Vv9dQrBqMKP1EYxhc3K4SmulQEUQDNKSTpDECougQBVC4eYUhlADFqlNPsLM1sifgFxjyXx5Qv56fBH2h0wp2Qks824bXw%2BFboarUcoA1MPPgNWkQtFp%2B7GX5sgfRXdUmM1cKHS9PA5DWuaxdQLd%2Bo7VsQOWIfgV9RxZDawR88cMX%2F1arJ%2BPbrQR2sETZwHRYErLu6a9T7lMouCl2Lq1J8jdWdcmxhs0wx%2FTxvgY6sQEy86Dsvh8tP901CpDNai%2BTPh7zrPCuUnLkfc4U52dF1wzto6H1ISUVo3WX2KiaBn6UpsBm4XaupKi6KytEC%2B8J%2BaSTmfQeqrEbngHrJ3cuZewvqyEu2ZsqoY3Kgl%2F6RTdiKTWHe4x9VbS6BFgmCzPg%2Bbo08P6HvvMxlRMsLTzFQZloX1FmJ0bfg5zvd%2FEIit%2BdhHWp623FLaD6no7yjh0U47bRJM6Rz6%2Bo5r5Xh7YKbGk%3D&Expires=1742506405", "captionDataDir": null, "transcriptTranslationUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@25372b6d55564925ba4f52831ac6cd69/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__", "lmsRootURL": "https://openlearninglibrary.mit.edu", "saveStateUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@25372b6d55564925ba4f52831ac6cd69/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state", "ytTestTimeout": 1500, "autoplay": false, "ytApiUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api", "completionEnabled": false, "showCaptions": "true", "transcriptLanguages": {"en": "English"}, "end": 0.0, "start": 0.0, "saveStateEnabled": false, "prioritizeHls": false, "generalSpeed": 1.0, "recordedYoutubeIsAvailable": true, "sources": ["https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT2409X/MIT2409XT315-V045200_DTH.mp4", "https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT2409XT315-V045200/MIT2409XT315-V045200.m3u8"], "publishCompletionUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@25372b6d55564925ba4f52831ac6cd69/handler/publish_completion", "speed": null, "duration": 241.28, "transcriptLanguage": "en", "ytMetadataEndpoint": "", "autoAdvance": false, "transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@25372b6d55564925ba4f52831ac6cd69/handler/transcript/available_translations", "autohideHtml5": false, "completionPercentage": 0.95}'
data-bumper-metadata='null'
data-autoadvance-enabled="False"
data-poster='null'
tabindex="-1"
>
<div class="focus_grabber first"></div>
<div class="tc-wrapper">
<div class="video-wrapper">
<span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span>
<span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span>
<div class="video-player-pre"></div>
<div class="video-player">
<div id="25372b6d55564925ba4f52831ac6cd69"></div>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden">
Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser.
</h4>
</div>
<div class="video-player-post"></div>
<div class="closed-captions"></div>
<div class="video-controls is-hidden">
<div>
<div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div>
<div class="secondary-controls"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="focus_grabber last"></div>
<h3 class="hd hd-4 downloads-heading sr" id="video-download-transcripts_25372b6d55564925ba4f52831ac6cd69">Downloads and transcripts</h3>
<div class="wrapper-downloads" role="region" aria-labelledby="video-download-transcripts_25372b6d55564925ba4f52831ac6cd69">
<div class="wrapper-download-transcripts">
<h4 class="hd hd-5">Transcripts</h4>
<ul class="list-download-transcripts">
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@25372b6d55564925ba4f52831ac6cd69/handler/transcript/download" data-value="srt">Download SubRip (.srt) file</a>
</li>
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@25372b6d55564925ba4f52831ac6cd69/handler/transcript/download" data-value="txt">Download Text (.txt) file</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@befe5a3e7a004ddd8abbbbd0fc2ac37f">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-block-type="problem" data-graded="False" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-has-score="True" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@befe5a3e7a004ddd8abbbbd0fc2ac37f" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-request-token="4062d31005d211f095120e84ffb47eb3" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Problem"}
</script>
<div id="problem_befe5a3e7a004ddd8abbbbd0fc2ac37f" class="problems-wrapper" role="group"
aria-labelledby="befe5a3e7a004ddd8abbbbd0fc2ac37f-problem-title"
data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@befe5a3e7a004ddd8abbbbd0fc2ac37f" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@befe5a3e7a004ddd8abbbbd0fc2ac37f/handler/xmodule_handler"
data-problem-score="0"
data-problem-total-possible="0"
data-attempts-used="0"
data-content="
<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="befe5a3e7a004ddd8abbbbd0fc2ac37f-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@befe5a3e7a004ddd8abbbbd0fc2ac37f-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Problem: Turing machines and functionalism
</h3>
<div class="problem-progress" id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@befe5a3e7a004ddd8abbbbd0fc2ac37f-problem-progress"></div>
<div class="problem">
<div>
<p>Does functionalism entail that an appropriately programmed Turing machine could think?</p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_befe5a3e7a004ddd8abbbbd0fc2ac37f_2_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_befe5a3e7a004ddd8abbbbd0fc2ac37f_2_1">
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_befe5a3e7a004ddd8abbbbd0fc2ac37f_2_1" id="input_befe5a3e7a004ddd8abbbbd0fc2ac37f_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="befe5a3e7a004ddd8abbbbd0fc2ac37f_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_befe5a3e7a004ddd8abbbbd0fc2ac37f_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_befe5a3e7a004ddd8abbbbd0fc2ac37f_2_1"> Yes
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_befe5a3e7a004ddd8abbbbd0fc2ac37f_2_1" id="input_befe5a3e7a004ddd8abbbbd0fc2ac37f_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="befe5a3e7a004ddd8abbbbd0fc2ac37f_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_befe5a3e7a004ddd8abbbbd0fc2ac37f_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_befe5a3e7a004ddd8abbbbd0fc2ac37f_2_1"> No
</label>
</div>
<span id="answer_befe5a3e7a004ddd8abbbbd0fc2ac37f_2_1"/>
</fieldset>
<div class="indicator-container">
<span class="status unanswered" id="status_befe5a3e7a004ddd8abbbbd0fc2ac37f_2_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered.">
<span class="sr">unanswered</span><span class="status-icon" aria-hidden="true"/>
</span>
</div>
</div></div>
<div class="solution-span">
<span id="solution_befe5a3e7a004ddd8abbbbd0fc2ac37f_solution_1"/>
</div></div>
<div class="action">
<input type="hidden" name="problem_id" value="Problem: Turing machines and functionalism" />
<div class="submit-attempt-container">
<button type="button" class="submit btn-brand" data-submitting="Submitting" data-value="Submit" data-should-enable-submit-button="True" aria-describedby="submission_feedback_befe5a3e7a004ddd8abbbbd0fc2ac37f" >
<span class="submit-label">Submit</span>
</button>
<div class="submission-feedback" id="submission_feedback_befe5a3e7a004ddd8abbbbd0fc2ac37f">
<span class="sr">Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="problem-action-buttons-wrapper">
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-gentle-alert
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-exclamation-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="befe5a3e7a004ddd8abbbbd0fc2ac37f-problem-title">
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-save
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-save" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="befe5a3e7a004ddd8abbbbd0fc2ac37f-problem-title">None
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification general notification-show-answer
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-info-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="befe5a3e7a004ddd8abbbbd0fc2ac37f-problem-title">Answers are displayed within the problem
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
"
data-graded="False">
<p class="loading-spinner">
<i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
<span class="sr">Loading…</span>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-block-type="vertical" data-graded="False" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-runtime-version="1" data-has-score="False" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@vertical+block@fc3aa8e44bb2457baa2fde50c5d12d57" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-request-token="4062d31005d211f095120e84ffb47eb3" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Functionalism: What Could Possiblie Go Wrong?</h2>
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@html+block@e57117fb271547ef85c0eae8f11bec3c">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-block-type="html" data-graded="False" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-has-score="False" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@html+block@e57117fb271547ef85c0eae8f11bec3c" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-request-token="4062d31005d211f095120e84ffb47eb3" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<p>Let us now return to the motivation for functionalism, and see how the theory solves the problems we earlier identified.</p>
<p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@410ce7463ba14f57be3febea11bd5a21">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-block-type="video" data-graded="False" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-has-score="False" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@410ce7463ba14f57be3febea11bd5a21" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-request-token="4062d31005d211f095120e84ffb47eb3" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Video"}
</script>
<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video: What Could Possiblie Go Wrong?</h3>
<div
id="video_410ce7463ba14f57be3febea11bd5a21"
class="video closed"
data-metadata='{"streams": "1.00:jYb-mnz88pE", "savedVideoPosition": 0.0, "poster": "https://mitx-edx-video-meta-storage.s3.amazonaws.com/media/video-images/4a982a71784348ddab9389c1579a14e9.jpeg?Signature=u4T6M2XjJ%2B1PHWyr7dfOGz0sqf8%3D&AWSAccessKeyId=ASIA4QDFFSURQM7XYTB3&x-amz-security-token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjED0aCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJHMEUCIGSZ5YpG8fnrq1r53QBM0TzQsvsfPS9oJEN%2FgYbwKBTgAiEAsU5N2AGY2EwjpzSbAlm4tptYcRxQyUUMclpuJf3vITYqwQUIlv%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARADGgw4NTkyMDU2Mzc0MTEiDIYLUoS3lfguB3COjCqVBcMTsvg8VUB6Mu4UCIqUPlNiVr2Jv%2By5ei8lXMesx0E5tKsRyjlJYtWXavizFKxb1xumkmYscLXePesZ5xk5L0TsZD47JD5VAooaVCpVI22avC5SPGsUCK%2BLgi3nfL%2FOXIMlZQC7gMM75bRfKoAYzbU9REx4RafIcW02OnlrePu9bC5pY4pSd0hyWvyiX6CG%2Fkx0lpIpVg%2F2yLIkg4kjjW0mAARAucqvGrN0GNBxMiKUgqSXVBTYknZojoGIp8LIkes6LRXP4jwI8Y4b0ETKZdwMJno9OGy0Rcyyt6b0woj0ObTb5iERl191%2Fon9Zol3R%2BsTyDWLEBueaeWqAhq2rSkwL4rIfWKUyUpMOZsRrt%2F8RCnOVOfMaZRQNUGDMFQFAZ23RJwSAOY4pFp%2FAyvTzX2ye50yVU0oAH2NxE7A%2BzINz5OQrPtcxHKCXDzc1k%2BGpc%2FD4IZ9bqBNSSaluED%2BsXMYgSUZssHLVAxLzdOgtvpIGhYEyJMOBss6FTENMXyqCpGpoHBYP7nHUqt2uOJq9%2BnB8trle2GP%2FA9kHLltfW4nwUpAGLHYuPNmKbmE5JuzSd6d8o%2FRsmqtdmOdJcpVnlDZ8Y0locIkq7TxjoUOCND4%2FDdrAw7Epoxk%2BYVsKeNNjKQaWdM%2FmK8sHqv1xp2Vv9dQrBqMKP1EYxhc3K4SmulQEUQDNKSTpDECougQBVC4eYUhlADFqlNPsLM1sifgFxjyXx5Qv56fBH2h0wp2Qks824bXw%2BFboarUcoA1MPPgNWkQtFp%2B7GX5sgfRXdUmM1cKHS9PA5DWuaxdQLd%2Bo7VsQOWIfgV9RxZDawR88cMX%2F1arJ%2BPbrQR2sETZwHRYErLu6a9T7lMouCl2Lq1J8jdWdcmxhs0wx%2FTxvgY6sQEy86Dsvh8tP901CpDNai%2BTPh7zrPCuUnLkfc4U52dF1wzto6H1ISUVo3WX2KiaBn6UpsBm4XaupKi6KytEC%2B8J%2BaSTmfQeqrEbngHrJ3cuZewvqyEu2ZsqoY3Kgl%2F6RTdiKTWHe4x9VbS6BFgmCzPg%2Bbo08P6HvvMxlRMsLTzFQZloX1FmJ0bfg5zvd%2FEIit%2BdhHWp623FLaD6no7yjh0U47bRJM6Rz6%2Bo5r5Xh7YKbGk%3D&Expires=1742506406", "captionDataDir": null, "transcriptTranslationUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@410ce7463ba14f57be3febea11bd5a21/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__", "lmsRootURL": "https://openlearninglibrary.mit.edu", "saveStateUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@410ce7463ba14f57be3febea11bd5a21/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state", "ytTestTimeout": 1500, "autoplay": false, "ytApiUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api", "completionEnabled": false, "showCaptions": "true", "transcriptLanguages": {"en": "English"}, "end": 0.0, "start": 0.0, "saveStateEnabled": false, "prioritizeHls": false, "generalSpeed": 1.0, "recordedYoutubeIsAvailable": true, "sources": ["https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT2409X/MIT2409XT315-V045000_DTH.mp4", "https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MIT2409XT315-V045000/MIT2409XT315-V045000.m3u8"], "publishCompletionUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@410ce7463ba14f57be3febea11bd5a21/handler/publish_completion", "speed": null, "duration": 110.58, "transcriptLanguage": "en", "ytMetadataEndpoint": "", "autoAdvance": false, "transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@410ce7463ba14f57be3febea11bd5a21/handler/transcript/available_translations", "autohideHtml5": false, "completionPercentage": 0.95}'
data-bumper-metadata='null'
data-autoadvance-enabled="False"
data-poster='null'
tabindex="-1"
>
<div class="focus_grabber first"></div>
<div class="tc-wrapper">
<div class="video-wrapper">
<span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span>
<span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span>
<div class="video-player-pre"></div>
<div class="video-player">
<div id="410ce7463ba14f57be3febea11bd5a21"></div>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden">
Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser.
</h4>
</div>
<div class="video-player-post"></div>
<div class="closed-captions"></div>
<div class="video-controls is-hidden">
<div>
<div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div>
<div class="secondary-controls"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="focus_grabber last"></div>
<h3 class="hd hd-4 downloads-heading sr" id="video-download-transcripts_410ce7463ba14f57be3febea11bd5a21">Downloads and transcripts</h3>
<div class="wrapper-downloads" role="region" aria-labelledby="video-download-transcripts_410ce7463ba14f57be3febea11bd5a21">
<div class="wrapper-download-transcripts">
<h4 class="hd hd-5">Transcripts</h4>
<ul class="list-download-transcripts">
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@410ce7463ba14f57be3febea11bd5a21/handler/transcript/download" data-value="srt">Download SubRip (.srt) file</a>
</li>
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@video+block@410ce7463ba14f57be3febea11bd5a21/handler/transcript/download" data-value="txt">Download Text (.txt) file</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-2" data-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@html+block@08002809787b423aaacc1631d3c04dc5">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-block-type="html" data-graded="False" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-has-score="False" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@html+block@08002809787b423aaacc1631d3c04dc5" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019" data-request-token="4062d31005d211f095120e84ffb47eb3" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<p>As you might be guessing, functionalism, though it has so much going for it, has problems too. We will get to those in the next lecture. See you then!</p>
<p>(P.S.: Yes, the title does have a <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7trn91xkJ0w" target="_blank">spelling mistake</a>.)</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
© All Rights Reserved