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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Introduction to the Final Exam</h2>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video: Introduction to Final Exam</h3>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Explainer: midterm, part II, probs. 8 & 9</h3>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Part I</h2>
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Problem 1
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<p>Consider the following quote:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 60px;"> Other features that physical theory takes as fundamental include mass and space-time. No attempt is made to explain these features in terms of anything simpler. But this does not rule out the possibility of a theory of mass or of space-time. There is an intricate theory of how these features interrelate, and of the basic laws they enter into. These basic principles are used to explain many familiar phenomena concerning mass, space, and time at a higher level.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 60px;">I suggest that a theory of consciousness should take experience as fundamental. We know that a theory of consciousness requires the addition of something fundamental to our ontology, as everything in physical theory is compatible with the absence of consciousness. We might add some entirely new nonphysical feature, from which experience can be derived, but it is hard to see what such a feature would be like. More likely, we will take experience itself as a fundamental feature of the world, alongside mass, charge, and space-time. If we take experience as fundamental, then we can go about the business of constructing a theory of experience.</p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="inputtype option-input ">
<label class="problem-group-label" for="input_cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_2_1" id="label_cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_2_1">Who is the author of the above quote?</label>
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<option value="option_cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_2_1_dummy_default">Select an option</option>
<option value="John Searle"> John Searle</option>
<option value="The Churchlands"> The Churchlands</option>
<option value="Alan Turing"> Alan Turing</option>
<option value="Ned Block"> Ned Block</option>
<option value="Ren&#233; Descartes"> Ren&#233; Descartes</option>
<option value="Gilbert Ryle"> Gilbert Ryle</option>
<option value="J.J.C. Smart"> J.J.C. Smart</option>
<option value="U.T. Place"> U.T. Place</option>
<option value="Saul Kripke"> Saul Kripke</option>
<option value="Hilary Putnam"> Hilary Putnam</option>
<option value="Timothy Williamson"> Timothy Williamson</option>
<option value="Tyler Burge"> Tyler Burge</option>
<option value="C.L. Hardin"> C.L. Hardin</option>
<option value="Thomas Nagel"> Thomas Nagel</option>
<option value="Frank Jackson"> Frank Jackson</option>
<option value="David Chalmers"> David Chalmers</option>
<option value="Michael Tye"> Michael Tye</option>
</select>
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<span class="status unanswered" id="status_cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_2_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered.">
<span class="sr">unanswered</span><span class="status-icon" aria-hidden="true"/>
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<p class="answer" id="answer_cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_2_1"/>
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<legend id="cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_3_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">What is the point of the first paragraph?</legend>
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<input type="radio" name="input_cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_3_1" id="input_cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_3_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_3_1-choice_0-label" for="input_cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_3_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_3_1"> To show that there is precedent in physical theory for taking something as fundamental.
</label>
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<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_3_1" id="input_cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_3_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_3_1-choice_1-label" for="input_cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_3_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_3_1"> To explain the role of mass and space-time in physical theory, for the purposes of contrasting them with the role of consciousness in physical theory.
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<input type="radio" name="input_cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_3_1" id="input_cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_3_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_3_1-choice_2-label" for="input_cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_3_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_3_1"> To provide an example of a theory taking something as fundamental, but nevertheless having interesting things to say about that something.
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<input type="radio" name="input_cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_3_1" id="input_cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_3_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_3"/><label id="cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_3_1-choice_3-label" for="input_cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_3_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_3_1"> To provide an example of a theory involving many different levels of explanation, including a fundamental level.
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<p>Which of the following views is presupposed in the second paragraph?</p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 3" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_4_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_4_1">
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<input type="radio" name="input_cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_4_1" id="input_cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_4_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_4_1-choice_0-label" for="input_cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_4_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_4_1"> physicalism
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<input type="radio" name="input_cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_4_1" id="input_cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_4_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_4_1-choice_1-label" for="input_cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_4_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_4_1"> dualism
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<input type="radio" name="input_cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_4_1" id="input_cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_4_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_4_1-choice_2-label" for="input_cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_4_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_4_1"> functionalism
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<input type="radio" name="input_cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_4_1" id="input_cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_4_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_3"/><label id="cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_4_1-choice_3-label" for="input_cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_4_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_cd22e20088714f6e8f8ca9117ab6d9c9_4_1"> epiphenomenalism
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<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Problem 2
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<p>Consider the following quote:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 60px;">Apart from their radiative result, there is nothing that blue things have in common, and we have already seen that there is nothing in the structure of that radiation which could serve as counterparts to the unique hues or the opponence of complementary hues. I conclude that objectivism fails. It fails because nothing in the domain of objects, properties and processes beyond our skins is both causally connected with our colour experiences and models the essential characteristics of colours.</p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="inputtype option-input ">
<label class="problem-group-label" for="input_2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_2_1" id="label_2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_2_1">Who is the author of the above quote?</label>
<select name="input_2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_2_1" id="input_2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_2_1" aria-describedby="status_2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_2_1">
<option value="option_2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_2_1_dummy_default">Select an option</option>
<option value="John Searle"> John Searle</option>
<option value="The Churchlands"> The Churchlands</option>
<option value="Alan Turing"> Alan Turing</option>
<option value="Ned Block"> Ned Block</option>
<option value="Ren&#233; Descartes"> Ren&#233; Descartes</option>
<option value="Gilbert Ryle"> Gilbert Ryle</option>
<option value="J.J.C. Smart"> J.J.C. Smart</option>
<option value="U.T. Place"> U.T. Place</option>
<option value="Saul Kripke"> Saul Kripke</option>
<option value="Hilary Putnam"> Hilary Putnam</option>
<option value="Timothy Williamson"> Timothy Williamson</option>
<option value="Tyler Burge"> Tyler Burge</option>
<option value="C.L. Hardin"> C.L. Hardin</option>
<option value="Thomas Nagel"> Thomas Nagel</option>
<option value="Frank Jackson"> Frank Jackson</option>
<option value="David Chalmers"> David Chalmers</option>
<option value="Michael Tye"> Michael Tye</option>
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<p>What follows from the claim that &#8220;objectivism fails&#8221;?</p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 2" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_3_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_3_1">
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<input type="radio" name="input_2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_3_1" id="input_2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_3_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_3_1-choice_0-label" for="input_2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_3_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_3_1"> Nothing is colored.
</label>
</div>
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<input type="radio" name="input_2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_3_1" id="input_2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_3_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_3_1-choice_1-label" for="input_2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_3_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_3_1"> Colors are psychological properties.
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<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_3_1" id="input_2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_3_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_3_1-choice_2-label" for="input_2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_3_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_3_1"> Colors are not dispositional properties.
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<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_3_1" id="input_2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_3_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_3"/><label id="2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_3_1-choice_3-label" for="input_2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_3_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_3_1"> Colors are not reflectance properties.
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<p>According to the author of the quote above, the radiation of blue things</p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 3" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_4_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_4_1">
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_4_1" id="input_2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_4_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_4_1-choice_0-label" for="input_2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_4_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_4_1"> is both causally connected with our color experiences and models the essential characteristics of colors.
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<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_4_1" id="input_2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_4_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_4_1-choice_1-label" for="input_2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_4_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_4_1"> is not causally connected with our color experiences, though it models the essential characteristics of colors.
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<input type="radio" name="input_2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_4_1" id="input_2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_4_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_4_1-choice_2-label" for="input_2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_4_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_4_1"> is causally connected with our color experiences, but it doesn&#8217;t model the essential characteristics of colors.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_4_1" id="input_2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_4_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_3"/><label id="2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_4_1-choice_3-label" for="input_2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_4_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_2f21677ea2c243e38fa14f0517ff28cd_4_1"> isn't causally connected with our color experiences, and it doesn&#8217;t model the essential characteristics of colors either.
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<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Problem 3
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<p>Consider the following quote:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 60px;">The official doctrine, which hails chiefly from Descartes, is something like this. With the doubtful exceptions of idiots and infants in arms every human being has both a body and a mind. Some would prefer to say that every human being is both a body and a mind. His body and his mind are ordinarily harnessed together, but after the death of the body his mind may continue to exist and function I shall often speak of it, with deliberate abusiveness, as &#8216;the dogma of the Ghost in the Machine.&#8217; I hope to prove that it is entirely false, and false not in detail but in principle. It is not merely an assemblage of particular mistakes. It is one big mistake and a mistake of a special kind. It is, namely, a category mistake. It represents the facts of mental life as if they belonged to one logical type or category (or range of types or categories), when they actually belong to another. The dogma is therefore a philosopher&#8217;s myth.</p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="inputtype option-input ">
<label class="problem-group-label" for="input_ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_2_1" id="label_ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_2_1">Who is the author of the above quote?</label>
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<option value="option_ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_2_1_dummy_default">Select an option</option>
<option value="John Searle"> John Searle</option>
<option value="The Churchlands"> The Churchlands</option>
<option value="Alan Turing"> Alan Turing</option>
<option value="Ned Block"> Ned Block</option>
<option value="Ren&#233; Descartes"> Ren&#233; Descartes</option>
<option value="Gilbert Ryle"> Gilbert Ryle</option>
<option value="J.J.C. Smart"> J.J.C. Smart</option>
<option value="U.T. Place"> U.T. Place</option>
<option value="Saul Kripke"> Saul Kripke</option>
<option value="Hilary Putnam"> Hilary Putnam</option>
<option value="Timothy Williamson"> Timothy Williamson</option>
<option value="Tyler Burge"> Tyler Burge</option>
<option value="C.L. Hardin"> C.L. Hardin</option>
<option value="Thomas Nagel"> Thomas Nagel</option>
<option value="Frank Jackson"> Frank Jackson</option>
<option value="David Chalmers"> David Chalmers</option>
<option value="Michael Tye"> Michael Tye</option>
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<p>Which of the following is another name for the view the author calls &#8220;the dogma of the Ghost in the Machine&#8221;?</p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 2" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_3_1">
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<input type="radio" name="input_ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_3_1" id="input_ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_3_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_3_1-choice_0-label" for="input_ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_3_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_3_1"> dualism
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<input type="radio" name="input_ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_3_1" id="input_ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_3_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_3_1-choice_1-label" for="input_ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_3_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_3_1"> behaviorism
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<input type="radio" name="input_ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_3_1" id="input_ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_3_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_3_1-choice_2-label" for="input_ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_3_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_3_1"> the identity theory
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<input type="radio" name="input_ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_3_1" id="input_ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_3_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_3"/><label id="ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_3_1-choice_3-label" for="input_ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_3_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_3_1"> functionalism
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<p>Besides being a category mistake, which of the following problems with the dogma of the Ghost in the Machine is particularly pressed in the book from which the above quote comes?</p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 3" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_4_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_4_1">
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<input type="radio" name="input_ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_4_1" id="input_ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_4_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_4_1-choice_0-label" for="input_ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_4_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_4_1"> If the dogma is true, it is hard to see how we can know about our own minds.
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<input type="radio" name="input_ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_4_1" id="input_ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_4_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_4_1-choice_1-label" for="input_ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_4_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_4_1"> If the dogma is true, it is hard to see how we can know that other people have minds.
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<input type="radio" name="input_ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_4_1" id="input_ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_4_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_4_1-choice_2-label" for="input_ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_4_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_4_1"> It is hard to explain what it means for a body and a mind to be &#8220;
harnessed together&#8221;.
</label>
</div>
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<input type="radio" name="input_ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_4_1" id="input_ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_4_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_3"/><label id="ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_4_1-choice_3-label" for="input_ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_4_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_4_1"> It is hard to explain how a mind can persist without a body.
</label>
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<span id="answer_ee36d5d75fcd4a80baf34da4d7c02d7e_4_1"/>
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<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Problem 4
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<p>Consider the following quote:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 60px;">I know that everything which I clearly and distinctly understand is capable of being created by God so as to correspond exactly with my understanding of it. Hence, the fact that I can clearly and distinctly understand one thing apart from another is enough to make me certain that the two things are distinct, since they are capable of being separated, at least by God it is certain that I am really distinct from my body, and can exist without it.</p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="inputtype option-input ">
<label class="problem-group-label" for="input_3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_2_1" id="label_3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_2_1">Who is the author of the above quote?</label>
<select name="input_3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_2_1" id="input_3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_2_1" aria-describedby="status_3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_2_1">
<option value="option_3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_2_1_dummy_default">Select an option</option>
<option value="John Searle"> John Searle</option>
<option value="The Churchlands"> The Churchlands</option>
<option value="Alan Turing"> Alan Turing</option>
<option value="Ned Block"> Ned Block</option>
<option value="Ren&#233; Descartes"> Ren&#233; Descartes</option>
<option value="Gilbert Ryle"> Gilbert Ryle</option>
<option value="J.J.C. Smart"> J.J.C. Smart</option>
<option value="U.T. Place"> U.T. Place</option>
<option value="Saul Kripke"> Saul Kripke</option>
<option value="Hilary Putnam"> Hilary Putnam</option>
<option value="Timothy Williamson"> Timothy Williamson</option>
<option value="Tyler Burge"> Tyler Burge</option>
<option value="C.L. Hardin"> C.L. Hardin</option>
<option value="Thomas Nagel"> Thomas Nagel</option>
<option value="Frank Jackson"> Frank Jackson</option>
<option value="David Chalmers"> David Chalmers</option>
<option value="Michael Tye"> Michael Tye</option>
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<p class="answer" id="answer_3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_2_1"/>
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<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 2" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_3_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_3_1">
<legend id="3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_3_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Which of the following is a more contemporary way of stating the claim of the first sentence?</legend>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_3_1" id="input_3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_3_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_3_1-choice_0-label" for="input_3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_3_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_3_1"> Everything that is clearly and distinctively conceivable is epistemically possible.
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<input type="radio" name="input_3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_3_1" id="input_3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_3_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_3_1-choice_1-label" for="input_3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_3_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_3_1"> Everything that is clearly and distinctively conceivable is metaphysically possible.
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<input type="radio" name="input_3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_3_1" id="input_3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_3_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_3_1-choice_2-label" for="input_3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_3_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_3_1"> Everything that is epistemically possible is clearly and distinctively conceivable.
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<input type="radio" name="input_3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_3_1" id="input_3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_3_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_3"/><label id="3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_3_1-choice_3-label" for="input_3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_3_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_3_1"> Everything that is metaphysically possible is clearly and distinctively conceivable.
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<p>The first sentence together with another premise entails the conclusion that if it&#8217;s conceivable that two things are distinct, they are distinct. Which of the following is the other premise?</p>
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<input type="radio" name="input_3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_4_1" id="input_3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_4_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_4_1-choice_0-label" for="input_3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_4_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_4_1"> If it&#8217;s conceivable that two things are distinct, it&#8217;s possible that they are distinct.
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<input type="radio" name="input_3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_4_1" id="input_3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_4_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_4_1-choice_1-label" for="input_3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_4_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_4_1"> If it&#8217;s possible that two things are distinct, it&#8217;s conceivable that they are distinct.
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<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_4_1" id="input_3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_4_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_4_1-choice_2-label" for="input_3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_4_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_4_1"> If two things are distinct, it&#8217;s conceivable that they are distinct.
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<input type="radio" name="input_3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_4_1" id="input_3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_4_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_3"/><label id="3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_4_1-choice_3-label" for="input_3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_4_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_4_1"> If it&#8217;s possible that two things are distinct, they are distinct.
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<input type="radio" name="input_3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_4_1" id="input_3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_4_1_choice_4" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_4"/><label id="3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_4_1-choice_4-label" for="input_3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_4_1_choice_4" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_3449e2da0e9c4cb689a21991d7f5d06f_4_1"> If two things are distinct, it&#8217;s possible that they are distinct.
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<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="3c7350cf598042d7aa2fe3b8c2b7ccfc-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@3c7350cf598042d7aa2fe3b8c2b7ccfc-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Problem 5
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<p>Consider the following quote:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 60px;">The conclusion to which we seem driven is that the phenomenal character of your visual experience, as you view the apple, is hidden from you, as is your visual experience. You are blind to these things. For you, it is as if they aren&#8217;t there. They are, as it were, transparent to you. You &#8216;see&#8217; right through them when you try to attend to them and you end up focusing on things outside you. But surely this cannot be right. Your visual experience is an inherently conscious thing. Its phenomenal character&#8212;what it is like for you subjectively&#8212;is inherently conscious. How can these things be hidden from you? If you cannot attend to the phenomenal character of your visual experience, then&#8230;its presence (or absence) is simply irrelevant to your consciousness.</p>
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<label class="problem-group-label" for="input_3c7350cf598042d7aa2fe3b8c2b7ccfc_2_1" id="label_3c7350cf598042d7aa2fe3b8c2b7ccfc_2_1">Who is the author of the above quote?</label>
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<option value="John Searle"> John Searle</option>
<option value="The Churchlands"> The Churchlands</option>
<option value="Alan Turing"> Alan Turing</option>
<option value="Ned Block"> Ned Block</option>
<option value="Ren&#233; Descartes"> Ren&#233; Descartes</option>
<option value="Gilbert Ryle"> Gilbert Ryle</option>
<option value="J.J.C. Smart"> J.J.C. Smart</option>
<option value="U.T. Place"> U.T. Place</option>
<option value="Saul Kripke"> Saul Kripke</option>
<option value="Hilary Putnam"> Hilary Putnam</option>
<option value="Timothy Williamson"> Timothy Williamson</option>
<option value="Tyler Burge"> Tyler Burge</option>
<option value="C.L. Hardin"> C.L. Hardin</option>
<option value="Thomas Nagel"> Thomas Nagel</option>
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<option value="David Chalmers"> David Chalmers</option>
<option value="Michael Tye"> Michael Tye</option>
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<p>Which of the following best states the view for which the author is arguing above?</p>
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<input type="radio" name="input_3c7350cf598042d7aa2fe3b8c2b7ccfc_3_1" id="input_3c7350cf598042d7aa2fe3b8c2b7ccfc_3_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="3c7350cf598042d7aa2fe3b8c2b7ccfc_3_1-choice_0-label" for="input_3c7350cf598042d7aa2fe3b8c2b7ccfc_3_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_3c7350cf598042d7aa2fe3b8c2b7ccfc_3_1"> There is no such thing as conscious experience.
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<input type="radio" name="input_3c7350cf598042d7aa2fe3b8c2b7ccfc_3_1" id="input_3c7350cf598042d7aa2fe3b8c2b7ccfc_3_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="3c7350cf598042d7aa2fe3b8c2b7ccfc_3_1-choice_1-label" for="input_3c7350cf598042d7aa2fe3b8c2b7ccfc_3_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_3c7350cf598042d7aa2fe3b8c2b7ccfc_3_1"> There is no such thing as phenomenal character.
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<input type="radio" name="input_3c7350cf598042d7aa2fe3b8c2b7ccfc_3_1" id="input_3c7350cf598042d7aa2fe3b8c2b7ccfc_3_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="3c7350cf598042d7aa2fe3b8c2b7ccfc_3_1-choice_2-label" for="input_3c7350cf598042d7aa2fe3b8c2b7ccfc_3_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_3c7350cf598042d7aa2fe3b8c2b7ccfc_3_1"> Introspection doesn&#8217;t reveal anything about the nature of conscious experience.
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<input type="radio" name="input_3c7350cf598042d7aa2fe3b8c2b7ccfc_3_1" id="input_3c7350cf598042d7aa2fe3b8c2b7ccfc_3_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_3"/><label id="3c7350cf598042d7aa2fe3b8c2b7ccfc_3_1-choice_3-label" for="input_3c7350cf598042d7aa2fe3b8c2b7ccfc_3_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_3c7350cf598042d7aa2fe3b8c2b7ccfc_3_1"> Introspection doesn&#8217;t reveal anything about things outside you.
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<p>What philosopher would disagree? (Enter their name as it appears in the list above; there are three clearly correct answers, and you just need to provide one of them.)</p>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Part II</h2>
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Problem 1
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<p>Block gives the following example:</p>
<p>&#8220;Suppose we convert the government of China to functionalism, and we convince its officials to realize a human mind for an hour. We provide each of the billion people in China (I chose China because it has a billion inhabitants) with a specially designed two-way radio that connects them in the appropriate way to other persons and to [an] artificial body&#8230;&#8221;</p>
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<legend id="c646fe4035a74f0582119d52e2a55b46_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">According to Block, is the main point of this example to illustrate how creatures with minds can be made of almost anything?</legend>
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Problem 2
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<p>Suppose that the argument from illusion is invalid. Does it follow that we see material objects like satsumas?</p>
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<p>Let <em>p</em> be a contingent proposition, and let <em>&#172;p</em> be a proposition that, necessarily, is true if and only if <em>p</em> is false. Is <em>&#172;p</em> contingent?</p>
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Problem 4
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<p>Blue paint mixed with yellow paint makes green paint. Is green a binary hue?</p>
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Problem 5
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<p>Consider the Turing machine specifed by the following table.</p>
<img src="/assets/courseware/v1/57659a90a072670e4b03d539cf092f4e/asset-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@asset+block/24.09x_final_exam_problem_4.svg" width="600px" alt="A table specifying a Turing Machine that has two states. In State 1, if the machine reads a '1', it moves to the right, and stays in state 1; if the machine reads a '0', it writes a '1', and stays in state '1'. In state 2, if the machine reads a '1', it halts; if it reads a '0', it halts."/>
<p>The machine starts off in state S1 scanning the leftmost &#8220;1&#8221; of a block of <em>n</em> &#8220;1&#8221;s on an otherwise empty tape.</p>
<p>Will the machine eventually halt? </p>
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Problem 6
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<p>Does Burge think that someone could believe that overstuffed armchairs are sofas? </p>
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Problem 7
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<p>Is Searle&#8217;s Chinese Room argument supposed to refute the claim that the brain performs computations?</p>
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Problem 8
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<p>Is it a premise of the Knowledge Argument that the brilliant imprisoned scientist Mary knows everything there is to know about the brain? </p>
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Problem 9
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<p>Suppose that the argument from illusion is sound. Does it follow that we never see material objects like satsumas?</p>
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Problem 10
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<p>Does Smart think after-images are brain processes?</p>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Part III</h2>
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Problem 1
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<p>Consider the following thesis:</p>
<p style="padding-left:60px"><em>TT</em>: There is a Turing Test <em>T</em> such that, necessarily, an entity <em>x</em> is capable of passing <em>T</em> if and only if <em>x</em> is intelligent.</p>
<p>Let&#8217;s get clearer on what a Turing test is. Which of the following are parameters that need to be set to get a specific Turing test? (Select all answers.)</p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_2_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_2_1">
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_2_1[]" id="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_0"/><label id="d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_2_1"> whether the entity being tested is a computer
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<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_2_1[]" id="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_1"/><label id="d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_2_1"> whether or not the test is performed in front of an audience
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_2_1[]" id="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_2"/><label id="d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_2_1"> the identity of the subject of the test
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_2_1[]" id="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_2_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_3"/><label id="d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_2_1-choice_3-label" for="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_2_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_2_1"> the length of the conversation
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<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_2_1[]" id="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_2_1_choice_4" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_4"/><label id="d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_2_1-choice_4-label" for="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_2_1_choice_4" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_2_1"> the abilities of the judges
</label>
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<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_2_1[]" id="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_2_1_choice_5" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_5"/><label id="d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_2_1-choice_5-label" for="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_2_1_choice_5" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_2_1"> the allowable topics of the conversation
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_2_1[]" id="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_2_1_choice_6" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_6"/><label id="d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_2_1-choice_6-label" for="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_2_1_choice_6" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_2_1"> whether the entity being tested is a giant look-up table
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<span id="answer_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_2_1"/>
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<p>Which of the following are possible counterexamples to the &#8220;only if&#8221; part of TT (i.e., the left-to-right direction)? (Select all answers.)</p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 2" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_3_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_3_1">
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_3_1[]" id="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_3_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_0"/><label id="d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_3_1-choice_0-label" for="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_3_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_3_1"> Aunt Bubbles
</label>
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<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_3_1[]" id="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_3_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_1"/><label id="d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_3_1-choice_1-label" for="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_3_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_3_1"> an actor playing Einstein
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_3_1[]" id="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_3_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_2"/><label id="d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_3_1-choice_2-label" for="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_3_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_3_1"> a sufferer of locked-in syndrome
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_3_1[]" id="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_3_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_3"/><label id="d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_3_1-choice_3-label" for="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_3_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_3_1"> a dolphin
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_3_1[]" id="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_3_1_choice_4" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_4"/><label id="d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_3_1-choice_4-label" for="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_3_1_choice_4" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_3_1"> a giant look-up table
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_3_1[]" id="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_3_1_choice_5" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_5"/><label id="d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_3_1-choice_5-label" for="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_3_1_choice_5" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_3_1"> Blockhead
</label>
</div>
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_3_1[]" id="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_3_1_choice_6" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_6"/><label id="d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_3_1-choice_6-label" for="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_3_1_choice_6" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_3_1"> the Ghost in the Machine
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<p>Which of the following are possible counter-examples to the &#8220;if&#8221; part of TT (i.e., the right-to-left direction)? (Select all answers.)</p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 3" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_4_1">
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_4_1[]" id="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_4_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_0"/><label id="d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_4_1-choice_0-label" for="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_4_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_4_1"> Aunt Bubbles
</label>
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_4_1[]" id="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_4_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_1"/><label id="d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_4_1-choice_1-label" for="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_4_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_4_1"> an actor playing Einstein
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_4_1[]" id="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_4_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_2"/><label id="d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_4_1-choice_2-label" for="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_4_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_4_1"> a sufferer of locked-in syndrome
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_4_1[]" id="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_4_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_3"/><label id="d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_4_1-choice_3-label" for="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_4_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_4_1"> a dolphin
</label>
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_4_1[]" id="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_4_1_choice_4" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_4"/><label id="d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_4_1-choice_4-label" for="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_4_1_choice_4" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_4_1"> a giant look-up table
</label>
</div>
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_4_1[]" id="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_4_1_choice_5" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_5"/><label id="d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_4_1-choice_5-label" for="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_4_1_choice_5" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_4_1"> Blockhead
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_4_1[]" id="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_4_1_choice_6" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_6"/><label id="d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_4_1-choice_6-label" for="input_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_4_1_choice_6" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d2fd83b7ac374f0c8ebdf75e12477e0e_4_1"> the Ghost in the Machine
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<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Problem 2
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<p>Consider the following thesis:</p>
<p style="padding-left:60px"><em>Physicalism</em>: all facts supervene on the physical facts.</p>
<p>Which of the following would constitute a counterexample to physicalism? Select all appropriate answers.</p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_2_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_2_1">
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_2_1[]" id="input_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_0"/><label id="6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_2_1"> two physically identical brains with different mental states
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_2_1[]" id="input_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_1"/><label id="6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_2_1"> zombie worlds
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_2_1[]" id="input_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_2"/><label id="6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_2_1"> two physically identical possible worlds in which duplicates have inverted spectra
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_2_1[]" id="input_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_2_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_3"/><label id="6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_2_1-choice_3-label" for="input_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_2_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_2_1"> two chemically identical possible worlds with differing underlying physics
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_2_1[]" id="input_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_2_1_choice_4" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_4"/><label id="6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_2_1-choice_4-label" for="input_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_2_1_choice_4" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_2_1"> two worlds in which all the psychological facts are the same but the underlying physics differs
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_2_1[]" id="input_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_2_1_choice_5" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_5"/><label id="6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_2_1-choice_5-label" for="input_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_2_1_choice_5" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_2_1"> two psychologically identical agents with physically differing brains
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_2_1[]" id="input_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_2_1_choice_6" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_6"/><label id="6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_2_1-choice_6-label" for="input_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_2_1_choice_6" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_2_1"> two possible worlds, the same physically, but in one it is wrong to steal, in the other it is right to steal
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<span id="answer_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_2_1"/>
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<p>Which of the following are premises of the knowledge argument against physicalism? (Select all answers.)</p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 2" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_3_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_3_1">
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_3_1[]" id="input_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_3_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_0"/><label id="6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_3_1-choice_0-label" for="input_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_3_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_3_1"> Pre-release Mary knows all the facts.
</label>
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_3_1[]" id="input_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_3_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_1"/><label id="6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_3_1-choice_1-label" for="input_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_3_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_3_1"> Pre-release Mary knows all the physical facts.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_3_1[]" id="input_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_3_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_2"/><label id="6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_3_1-choice_2-label" for="input_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_3_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_3_1"> Post-release Mary acquires a new ability.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_3_1[]" id="input_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_3_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_3"/><label id="6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_3_1-choice_3-label" for="input_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_3_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_3_1"> Post-release Mary learns something.
</label>
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<span id="answer_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_3_1"/>
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<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 3" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_4_1">
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<legend id="6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_4_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Which of the following are inconsistent with physicalism? (Select all answers.)</legend>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_4_1[]" id="input_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_4_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_0"/><label id="6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_4_1-choice_0-label" for="input_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_4_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_4_1"> epiphenomenalism
</label>
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_4_1[]" id="input_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_4_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_1"/><label id="6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_4_1-choice_1-label" for="input_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_4_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_4_1"> functionalism
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_4_1[]" id="input_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_4_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_2"/><label id="6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_4_1-choice_2-label" for="input_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_4_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_4_1"> dualism
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_4_1[]" id="input_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_4_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_3"/><label id="6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_4_1-choice_3-label" for="input_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_4_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_4_1"> behaviorism
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<span id="answer_6121c3a723394c84979f3d2fe215119a_4_1"/>
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Problem 3
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<p>What is an extrinsic property?</p>
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<input type="radio" name="input_a2c1f8ab04284d9abb237eec5046ac6f_2_1" id="input_a2c1f8ab04284d9abb237eec5046ac6f_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="a2c1f8ab04284d9abb237eec5046ac6f_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_a2c1f8ab04284d9abb237eec5046ac6f_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_a2c1f8ab04284d9abb237eec5046ac6f_2_1"> a property P such that, possibly, two perfect duplicates both have P
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<input type="radio" name="input_a2c1f8ab04284d9abb237eec5046ac6f_2_1" id="input_a2c1f8ab04284d9abb237eec5046ac6f_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="a2c1f8ab04284d9abb237eec5046ac6f_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_a2c1f8ab04284d9abb237eec5046ac6f_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_a2c1f8ab04284d9abb237eec5046ac6f_2_1"> a property P such that, necessarily, two perfect duplicates both have P
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<p>Consider the following scenarios:</p>
<ul>
<ul>
<ul>
<ul>
<li>Scenario 1: A duplicate of Uros hears from a friend he knows to be reliable that Rafael Reif is the president of MIT, and the friend knows this to be true.</li>
<li>Scenario 2: A duplicate of Uros hears from a friend he knows to be reliable that Rafael Reif is the president of MIT, but the friend is, in this scenario, mistaken; some other person is president of MIT. </li>
<li>Scenario 3: A duplicate of Uros hears from a friend he knows to be reliable that some other man, whose name is also &#8220;Rafael Reif&#8221;, is the president of MIT, and the friend knows this to be true.</li>
<li>Scenario 4: A duplicate of Uros hears from a friend he knows to be reliable that some other man, whose name is also &#8220;Rafael Reif&#8221;, is the president of MIT, but the friend is mistaken; some third person is the President of MIT.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<p>Which pairs of scenarios show that <em>knowing that Rafael Reif is the President of MIT</em> is an extrinsic property (assuming the details are filled in appropriately)? Select all that apply.</p>
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<p>Which pairs of scenarios show that <em>believing that Rafael Reif is the President of MIT</em> is an extrinsic property (assuming the details are filled in appropriately)? Select all that apply.</p>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Part IV</h2>
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Problem 1
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<legend id="8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Which of the following are (or form the basis of) objections to dualism? (Select all that apply.)</legend>
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</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_2_1[]" id="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_1"/><label id="8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_2_1"> knowing others&#8217; minds
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_2_1[]" id="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_2"/><label id="8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_2_1"> the objection from afterimages
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_2_1[]" id="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_2_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_3"/><label id="8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_2_1-choice_3-label" for="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_2_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_2_1"> interaction between mind and body
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_2_1[]" id="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_2_1_choice_4" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_4"/><label id="8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_2_1-choice_4-label" for="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_2_1_choice_4" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_2_1"> the China brain
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_2_1[]" id="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_2_1_choice_5" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_5"/><label id="8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_2_1-choice_5-label" for="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_2_1_choice_5" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_2_1"> knowing one&#8217;s own mind
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_2_1[]" id="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_2_1_choice_6" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_6"/><label id="8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_2_1-choice_6-label" for="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_2_1_choice_6" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_2_1"> locked-in syndrome
</label>
</div>
<span id="answer_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_2_1"/>
</fieldset>
<div class="indicator-container">
<span class="status unanswered" id="status_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_2_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered.">
<span class="sr">unanswered</span><span class="status-icon" aria-hidden="true"/>
</span>
</div>
</div></div>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 2" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_3_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_3_1">
<legend id="8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_3_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Which of the following are objections to behaviorism? (Select all that apply.)</legend>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_3_1[]" id="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_3_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_0"/><label id="8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_3_1-choice_0-label" for="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_3_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_3_1"> multiple realizability
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_3_1[]" id="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_3_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_1"/><label id="8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_3_1-choice_1-label" for="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_3_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_3_1"> knowing others&#8217; minds
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_3_1[]" id="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_3_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_2"/><label id="8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_3_1-choice_2-label" for="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_3_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_3_1"> the objection from afterimages
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_3_1[]" id="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_3_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_3"/><label id="8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_3_1-choice_3-label" for="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_3_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_3_1"> interaction between mind and body
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_3_1[]" id="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_3_1_choice_4" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_4"/><label id="8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_3_1-choice_4-label" for="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_3_1_choice_4" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_3_1"> the China brain
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_3_1[]" id="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_3_1_choice_5" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_5"/><label id="8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_3_1-choice_5-label" for="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_3_1_choice_5" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_3_1"> knowing one&#8217;s own mind
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_3_1[]" id="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_3_1_choice_6" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_6"/><label id="8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_3_1-choice_6-label" for="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_3_1_choice_6" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_3_1"> locked-in syndrome
</label>
</div>
<span id="answer_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_3_1"/>
</fieldset>
<div class="indicator-container">
<span class="status unanswered" id="status_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_3_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered.">
<span class="sr">unanswered</span><span class="status-icon" aria-hidden="true"/>
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<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 3" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_4_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_4_1">
<legend id="8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_4_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Which of the following are objections to the identity theory? (Select all that apply.)</legend>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_4_1[]" id="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_4_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_0"/><label id="8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_4_1-choice_0-label" for="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_4_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_4_1"> multiple realizability
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_4_1[]" id="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_4_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_1"/><label id="8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_4_1-choice_1-label" for="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_4_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_4_1"> knowing others&#8217; minds
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_4_1[]" id="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_4_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_2"/><label id="8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_4_1-choice_2-label" for="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_4_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_4_1"> the objection from afterimages
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_4_1[]" id="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_4_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_3"/><label id="8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_4_1-choice_3-label" for="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_4_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_4_1"> interaction between mind and body
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_4_1[]" id="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_4_1_choice_4" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_4"/><label id="8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_4_1-choice_4-label" for="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_4_1_choice_4" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_4_1"> the China brain
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_4_1[]" id="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_4_1_choice_5" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_5"/><label id="8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_4_1-choice_5-label" for="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_4_1_choice_5" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_4_1"> knowing one&#8217;s own mind
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_4_1[]" id="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_4_1_choice_6" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_6"/><label id="8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_4_1-choice_6-label" for="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_4_1_choice_6" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_4_1"> locked-in syndrome
</label>
</div>
<span id="answer_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_4_1"/>
</fieldset>
<div class="indicator-container">
<span class="status unanswered" id="status_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_4_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered.">
<span class="sr">unanswered</span><span class="status-icon" aria-hidden="true"/>
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<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 4" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_5_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_5_1">
<legend id="8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_5_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Which of the following are objections to functionalism? (Select all that apply.)</legend>
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_5_1[]" id="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_5_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_0"/><label id="8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_5_1-choice_0-label" for="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_5_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_5_1"> multiple realizability
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_5_1[]" id="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_5_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_1"/><label id="8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_5_1-choice_1-label" for="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_5_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_5_1"> knowing others&#8217; minds
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_5_1[]" id="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_5_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_2"/><label id="8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_5_1-choice_2-label" for="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_5_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_5_1"> the objection from afterimages
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_5_1[]" id="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_5_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_3"/><label id="8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_5_1-choice_3-label" for="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_5_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_5_1"> interaction between mind and body
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_5_1[]" id="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_5_1_choice_4" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_4"/><label id="8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_5_1-choice_4-label" for="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_5_1_choice_4" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_5_1"> the China brain
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_5_1[]" id="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_5_1_choice_5" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_5"/><label id="8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_5_1-choice_5-label" for="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_5_1_choice_5" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_5_1"> knowing one&#8217;s own mind
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_5_1[]" id="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_5_1_choice_6" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_6"/><label id="8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_5_1-choice_6-label" for="input_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_5_1_choice_6" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_5_1"> locked-in syndrome
</label>
</div>
<span id="answer_8b87e73410eb4dd68c120a27e2b3e7e8_5_1"/>
</fieldset>
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<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Problem 2
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<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_2_1">
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<legend id="d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">What are qualia supposed to be?</legend>
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<input type="radio" name="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_2_1" id="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_2_1"> experiences
</label>
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<input type="radio" name="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_2_1" id="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_2_1"> qualitative properties
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<input type="radio" name="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_2_1" id="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_2_1"> the qualitative properties of experiences
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<input type="radio" name="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_2_1" id="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_2_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_3"/><label id="d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_2_1-choice_3-label" for="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_2_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_2_1"> the qualitative properties of the objects of experience
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<p>What does it mean to say qualia are &#8220;epiphenomenal&#8221;?</p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 2" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_3_1">
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<input type="radio" name="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_3_1" id="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_3_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_3_1-choice_0-label" for="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_3_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_3_1"> Physical phenomena cannot affect qualia, and vice-versa.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_3_1" id="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_3_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_3_1-choice_1-label" for="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_3_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_3_1"> Physical phenomena cannot affect qualia, though qualia can affect physical phenomena.
</label>
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<input type="radio" name="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_3_1" id="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_3_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_3_1-choice_2-label" for="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_3_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_3_1"> Physical phenomena can affect qualia, but qualia cannot affect physical phenomena.
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<input type="radio" name="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_3_1" id="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_3_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_3"/><label id="d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_3_1-choice_3-label" for="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_3_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_3_1"> Physical phenomena can affect qualia and vice-versa.
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<p>Nagel&#8217;s central thought experiment is similar to Jackson&#8217;s, but he draws a different conclusion. Which of the following is closest to that conclusion?</p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 3" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_4_1">
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<input type="radio" name="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_4_1" id="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_4_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_4_1-choice_0-label" for="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_4_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_4_1"> Physicalism is false, though we can&#8217;t understand how it could be false.
</label>
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<input type="radio" name="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_4_1" id="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_4_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_4_1-choice_1-label" for="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_4_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_4_1"> Dualism is false, because we have no conception of how it could be true.
</label>
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<input type="radio" name="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_4_1" id="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_4_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_4_1-choice_2-label" for="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_4_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_4_1"> Dualism might be true, for all we know.
</label>
</div>
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<input type="radio" name="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_4_1" id="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_4_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_3"/><label id="d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_4_1-choice_3-label" for="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_4_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_4_1"> Physicalism is probably true, though we can&#8217;t understand how it could be true.
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<span id="answer_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_4_1"/>
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<legend id="d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_5_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Which premise of the knowledge argument is Nagel likely to reject?</legend>
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<input type="radio" name="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_5_1" id="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_5_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_5_1-choice_0-label" for="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_5_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_5_1"> Pre-release Mary knows all the physical facts.
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<input type="radio" name="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_5_1" id="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_5_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_5_1-choice_1-label" for="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_5_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_5_1"> If physicalism is true, pre-release Mary knows all the facts.
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<input type="radio" name="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_5_1" id="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_5_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_5_1-choice_2-label" for="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_5_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_5_1"> Post-release Mary learns something.
</label>
</div>
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<input type="radio" name="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_5_1" id="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_5_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_3"/><label id="d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_5_1-choice_3-label" for="input_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_5_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_5_1"> If post-release Mary learns something, she learns a fact.
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<span id="answer_d0ef6629b8804ba8b54d618585536a79_5_1"/>
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