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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Introduction to the Midterm</h2>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video: Introduction to the Midterm</h3>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Part I</h2>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px;">This is your second graded assignment: the Midterm Exam. It consists of 3 parts:</p>
<ul>
<ul>
<ul>
<li>Part I is a series of questions that involve identifying the author of a quote, and analyzing that quote.</li>
<li>Part II is a series of true/false questions.</li>
<li>Part III concerns a paper by Brie Gertler called “<a href="https://studio.edx.org/asset-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2015+type@asset+block@9a_gertler_dualism.pdf" target="_blank">In Defense of Mind-Body Dualism</a>”. (You will be able to access that paper in Part III also.)</li>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px;">For all questions, you have exactly <strong>one chance </strong>to answer, so take your time, and think before you click! <strong>Once you hit the button that says “Final Check”, you have submitted your answer.</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px;">You are welcome to consult as much course material as you need to in answering these questions (we provide some useful links within the assessment). But do not consult any other sources.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6px;">Answers will be available after the assessment due date.</p>
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Problem 1
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<p>Consider the following quote:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 60px;"> the &#8216;phenomenological fallacy&#8217;is the mistake of supposing that when the subject describes his experience, when he describes how things look, sound, smell, taste, or feel to him, he is describing the literal properties of objects and events on a peculiar sort of internal cinema or television screen If we assume, for example, that when a subject reports a green after-image he is asserting the occurrence inside himself of an object that is literally green, it is clear that we have on our hands an entity for which there is no place in the world of physics.</p>
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<label class="problem-group-label" for="input_7f26cc55ccdc42719ac1afe2d43f8478_2_1" id="label_7f26cc55ccdc42719ac1afe2d43f8478_2_1">Who is the author of the above quote?</label>
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<option value="The Churchlands"> The Churchlands</option>
<option value="Alan Turing"> Alan Turing</option>
<option value="Ned Block"> Ned Block</option>
<option value="Ren&#233; Descartes"> Ren&#233; Descartes</option>
<option value="Gilbert Ryle"> Gilbert Ryle</option>
<option value="J.J.C. Smart"> J.J.C. Smart</option>
<option value="U.T. Place"> U.T. Place</option>
<option value="Saul Kripke"> Saul Kripke</option>
<option value="Hilary Putnam"> Hilary Putnam</option>
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<p>Suppose I have a green after-image. Am I seeing something green, according to the author of the above quote?</p>
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<p>Which view is the author suggesting follows, if the &#8220;phenomenological fallacy&#8221; is not a mistake?</p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="9d5ad6cc75fd4f829cf187d4b7d37016-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@9d5ad6cc75fd4f829cf187d4b7d37016-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Problem 2
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<p>Consider the following quote:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 60px;">Consider what the brain-state theorist has to do to make good his claims. He has to specify a physical-chemical state such that any organism (not just a mammal) is in pain if and only if (a) it possesses a brain of a suitable physical-chemical structure; and (b) its brain is in that physical-chemical state. This means that the physical-chemical state in question must be a possible state of a mammalian brain, a reptilian brain, a mollusc&#8217;s brain At the same time, it must not be a possible (physically possible) state of the brain of any physically possible creature that cannot feel pain. Even if such a state can be found, it must be nomologically certain that it will also be a state of the brain of any extraterrestrial life that may be found that will be capable of feeling pain before we can even entertain the supposition that it may be pain.</p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="inputtype option-input ">
<label class="problem-group-label" for="input_9d5ad6cc75fd4f829cf187d4b7d37016_2_1" id="label_9d5ad6cc75fd4f829cf187d4b7d37016_2_1">Who is the author of the above quote?</label>
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<option value="option_9d5ad6cc75fd4f829cf187d4b7d37016_2_1_dummy_default">Select an option</option>
<option value="John Searle"> John Searle</option>
<option value="The Churchlands"> The Churchlands</option>
<option value="Alan Turing"> Alan Turing</option>
<option value="Ned Block"> Ned Block</option>
<option value="Ren&#233; Descartes"> Ren&#233; Descartes</option>
<option value="Gilbert Ryle"> Gilbert Ryle</option>
<option value="J.J.C. Smart"> J.J.C. Smart</option>
<option value="U.T. Place"> U.T. Place</option>
<option value="Saul Kripke"> Saul Kripke</option>
<option value="Hilary Putnam"> Hilary Putnam</option>
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<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 2" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_9d5ad6cc75fd4f829cf187d4b7d37016_3_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_9d5ad6cc75fd4f829cf187d4b7d37016_3_1">
<legend id="9d5ad6cc75fd4f829cf187d4b7d37016_3_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">What view is being discussed in the above quote?</legend>
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<input type="radio" name="input_9d5ad6cc75fd4f829cf187d4b7d37016_3_1" id="input_9d5ad6cc75fd4f829cf187d4b7d37016_3_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="9d5ad6cc75fd4f829cf187d4b7d37016_3_1-choice_0-label" for="input_9d5ad6cc75fd4f829cf187d4b7d37016_3_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_9d5ad6cc75fd4f829cf187d4b7d37016_3_1"> Strong AI
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<i>Turing Test</i>
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<input type="radio" name="input_9d5ad6cc75fd4f829cf187d4b7d37016_3_1" id="input_9d5ad6cc75fd4f829cf187d4b7d37016_3_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_3"/><label id="9d5ad6cc75fd4f829cf187d4b7d37016_3_1-choice_3-label" for="input_9d5ad6cc75fd4f829cf187d4b7d37016_3_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_9d5ad6cc75fd4f829cf187d4b7d37016_3_1"> dualism
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<input type="radio" name="input_9d5ad6cc75fd4f829cf187d4b7d37016_3_1" id="input_9d5ad6cc75fd4f829cf187d4b7d37016_3_1_choice_4" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_4"/><label id="9d5ad6cc75fd4f829cf187d4b7d37016_3_1-choice_4-label" for="input_9d5ad6cc75fd4f829cf187d4b7d37016_3_1_choice_4" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_9d5ad6cc75fd4f829cf187d4b7d37016_3_1"> behaviorism
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<input type="radio" name="input_9d5ad6cc75fd4f829cf187d4b7d37016_3_1" id="input_9d5ad6cc75fd4f829cf187d4b7d37016_3_1_choice_5" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_5"/><label id="9d5ad6cc75fd4f829cf187d4b7d37016_3_1-choice_5-label" for="input_9d5ad6cc75fd4f829cf187d4b7d37016_3_1_choice_5" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_9d5ad6cc75fd4f829cf187d4b7d37016_3_1"> the identity theory
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<p>Is the author arguing for or against the view?</p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 3" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_9d5ad6cc75fd4f829cf187d4b7d37016_4_1">
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</label>
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<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="15413d7b91294df0ab66f9d74746a3b9-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@problem+block@15413d7b91294df0ab66f9d74746a3b9-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Problem 3
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<p>Consider the following quote:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 60px;">When someone says, inaccurately, that heat might have turned out not to be molecular motion, what is true in what he says is that someone could have sensed a phenomenon in the same way we sense heat, that is, feels it by means of its production of the sensation we call &#8216;the sensation of heat&#8217; even though that phenomenon was not molecular motion.</p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="inputtype option-input ">
<label class="problem-group-label" for="input_15413d7b91294df0ab66f9d74746a3b9_2_1" id="label_15413d7b91294df0ab66f9d74746a3b9_2_1">Who is the author of the above quote?</label>
<select name="input_15413d7b91294df0ab66f9d74746a3b9_2_1" id="input_15413d7b91294df0ab66f9d74746a3b9_2_1" aria-describedby="status_15413d7b91294df0ab66f9d74746a3b9_2_1">
<option value="option_15413d7b91294df0ab66f9d74746a3b9_2_1_dummy_default">Select an option</option>
<option value="John Searle"> John Searle</option>
<option value="The Churchlands"> The Churchlands</option>
<option value="Alan Turing"> Alan Turing</option>
<option value="Ned Block"> Ned Block</option>
<option value="Ren&#233; Descartes"> Ren&#233; Descartes</option>
<option value="Gilbert Ryle"> Gilbert Ryle</option>
<option value="J.J.C. Smart"> J.J.C. Smart</option>
<option value="U.T. Place"> U.T. Place</option>
<option value="Saul Kripke"> Saul Kripke</option>
<option value="Hilary Putnam"> Hilary Putnam</option>
</select>
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<p class="answer" id="answer_15413d7b91294df0ab66f9d74746a3b9_2_1"/>
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<p>According to the author of the above quote, &#8220;Heat is molecular motion&#8221; is (select all that apply)</p>
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_15413d7b91294df0ab66f9d74746a3b9_3_1[]" id="input_15413d7b91294df0ab66f9d74746a3b9_3_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_0"/><label id="15413d7b91294df0ab66f9d74746a3b9_3_1-choice_0-label" for="input_15413d7b91294df0ab66f9d74746a3b9_3_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_15413d7b91294df0ab66f9d74746a3b9_3_1"> true
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<legend id="15413d7b91294df0ab66f9d74746a3b9_4_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">In the above quote, the author is suggesting that &#8220;Heat causes the sensation of heat&#8221; is (select all that apply)</legend>
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Problem 4
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<p>Consider the following quote:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 60px;"> Whatever else intentionality is, it is a biological phenomenon, and it is as likely to be as causally dependent on the specific biochemistry of its origins as lactation, photosynthesis, or any other
biological phenomena.</p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="inputtype option-input ">
<label class="problem-group-label" for="input_5d8d84172be64f19846fceb435f89b65_2_1" id="label_5d8d84172be64f19846fceb435f89b65_2_1">Who is the author of the above quote?</label>
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<option value="option_5d8d84172be64f19846fceb435f89b65_2_1_dummy_default">Select an option</option>
<option value="John Searle"> John Searle</option>
<option value="The Churchlands"> The Churchlands</option>
<option value="Alan Turing"> Alan Turing</option>
<option value="Ned Block"> Ned Block</option>
<option value="Ren&#233; Descartes"> Ren&#233; Descartes</option>
<option value="Gilbert Ryle"> Gilbert Ryle</option>
<option value="J.J.C. Smart"> J.J.C. Smart</option>
<option value="U.T. Place"> U.T. Place</option>
<option value="Saul Kripke"> Saul Kripke</option>
<option value="Hilary Putnam"> Hilary Putnam</option>
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<legend id="5d8d84172be64f19846fceb435f89b65_3_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Which of the following is the view expressed in the above quote consistent with?</legend>
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<i>Turing Test</i>
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_5d8d84172be64f19846fceb435f89b65_3_1[]" id="input_5d8d84172be64f19846fceb435f89b65_3_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_3"/><label id="5d8d84172be64f19846fceb435f89b65_3_1-choice_3-label" for="input_5d8d84172be64f19846fceb435f89b65_3_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_5d8d84172be64f19846fceb435f89b65_3_1"> behaviorism
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<p>Is the view expressed in the above quote inconsistent with the claim that something artificial could think?</p>
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Problem 5
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<p>Consider the following quote:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 60px;">The fact that Babbage&#8217;s Analytical Engine was to be entirely mechanical will help us to rid ourselves of a superstition. Importance is often attached to the fact that modern digital computers are electrical, and that the nervous system also is electrical. Since Babbage&#8217;s machine was not electrical, and since all digital computers are in a sense equivalent, we see that this use of electricity cannot be of theoretical importance. Of course electricity usually comes in where fast signalling is concerned, so that it is not surprising that we find it in both these connections. In the nervous system chemical phenomena are at least as important as electrical. In certain computers the storage system is mainly acoustic. The feature of using electricity is thus seen to be only a very superficial similarity. If we wish to find such similarities we should look rather for mathematical analogies of function.</p>
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<option value="option_fd226747cb56463fb226073d4d76d0b8_2_1_dummy_default">Select an option</option>
<option value="John Searle"> John Searle</option>
<option value="The Churchlands"> The Churchlands</option>
<option value="Alan Turing"> Alan Turing</option>
<option value="Ned Block"> Ned Block</option>
<option value="Ren&#233; Descartes"> Ren&#233; Descartes</option>
<option value="Gilbert Ryle"> Gilbert Ryle</option>
<option value="J.J.C. Smart"> J.J.C. Smart</option>
<option value="U.T. Place"> U.T. Place</option>
<option value="Saul Kripke"> Saul Kripke</option>
<option value="Hilary Putnam"> Hilary Putnam</option>
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<p class="answer" id="answer_fd226747cb56463fb226073d4d76d0b8_2_1"/>
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<p>According to the above quote, certain similarities to the nervous system are <em>not</em> superficial. If those similarities are necessary and sufficient for having a mind, which of the following views follows?</p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 2" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_fd226747cb56463fb226073d4d76d0b8_3_1">
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<input type="radio" name="input_fd226747cb56463fb226073d4d76d0b8_3_1" id="input_fd226747cb56463fb226073d4d76d0b8_3_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="fd226747cb56463fb226073d4d76d0b8_3_1-choice_0-label" for="input_fd226747cb56463fb226073d4d76d0b8_3_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_fd226747cb56463fb226073d4d76d0b8_3_1"> Strong AI
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<i>Turing Test</i>
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<p>What feature of computers is the author highlighting in the above quote?</p>
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<input type="radio" name="input_fd226747cb56463fb226073d4d76d0b8_4_1" id="input_fd226747cb56463fb226073d4d76d0b8_4_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="fd226747cb56463fb226073d4d76d0b8_4_1-choice_0-label" for="input_fd226747cb56463fb226073d4d76d0b8_4_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_fd226747cb56463fb226073d4d76d0b8_4_1"> They are equivalent to Turing machines.
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<input type="radio" name="input_fd226747cb56463fb226073d4d76d0b8_4_1" id="input_fd226747cb56463fb226073d4d76d0b8_4_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="fd226747cb56463fb226073d4d76d0b8_4_1-choice_1-label" for="input_fd226747cb56463fb226073d4d76d0b8_4_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_fd226747cb56463fb226073d4d76d0b8_4_1"> They are multiply realizable.
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<input type="radio" name="input_fd226747cb56463fb226073d4d76d0b8_4_1" id="input_fd226747cb56463fb226073d4d76d0b8_4_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="fd226747cb56463fb226073d4d76d0b8_4_1-choice_2-label" for="input_fd226747cb56463fb226073d4d76d0b8_4_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_fd226747cb56463fb226073d4d76d0b8_4_1"> They are not analogue.
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<input type="radio" name="input_fd226747cb56463fb226073d4d76d0b8_4_1" id="input_fd226747cb56463fb226073d4d76d0b8_4_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_3"/><label id="fd226747cb56463fb226073d4d76d0b8_4_1-choice_3-label" for="input_fd226747cb56463fb226073d4d76d0b8_4_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_fd226747cb56463fb226073d4d76d0b8_4_1"> They are not behavioral kinds.
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Part II</h2>
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Problem 1
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<p>True or false: <i>Turing Test</i> is true if and only if Strong AI is true.</p>
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<p>True or false: The Twin-Rafael argument (which involved considering a computer floating in deep space running the alleged <em>believes-Reif-is-MIT-president</em> program) is supposed to show that Strong AI is false.</p>
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Problem 3
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<p>True or false: for every Turing test, there is a Turing machine that can pass that test.</p>
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Problem 4
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<p>True or false: functionalism is incompatible with dualism (understood as the view that we are not wholly made of physical ingredients).</p>
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Problem 5
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<p>True or false: functionalism is incompatible with physicalism (understood as the view that only physical ingredients are needed to build an entity with mental states).</p>
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Problem 6
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<p>True or false: if I could exist without my body existing, then it follows that I could exist without any body existing.</p>
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Problem 7
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<p>True or false: every behavioral kind is a functional kind.</p>
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Problem 8
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<p>True or false: there is a possible world in which Saul Hudson is a philosopher and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slash_(musician)">Slash</a> is not.</p>
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Problem 9
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<p>True or false: There is a possible world w such that &#8220;The lead guitarist for <i>Guns N&#8217; Roses</i>&#8221; refers to object A in w, and &#8220;Saul Hudson&#8221; refers to object B in w, and A is not identical to B.</p>
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Problem 10
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<p>True or false: the theory of mind for which the problem of other minds is least pressing is behaviorism.</p>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Part III</h2>
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<p>This part of the mid-term exam is about “<a href="https://studio.edx.org/asset-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2015+type@asset+block@9a_gertler_dualism.pdf" target="_blank">In defense of mind-body dualism</a>”, by Brie Gertler, a philosopher at the University of Virginia. Please read the paper carefully, and answer the questions below. (Feel free to consult the paper as you answer the questions.)</p>
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Problem 1
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<p>Why can&#8217;t empirical evidence resolve the dispute between dualists and physicalists, according to Gertler?</p>
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<input type="radio" name="input_aae486332b314439a3dfbd5c2b15c515_2_1" id="input_aae486332b314439a3dfbd5c2b15c515_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="aae486332b314439a3dfbd5c2b15c515_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_aae486332b314439a3dfbd5c2b15c515_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_aae486332b314439a3dfbd5c2b15c515_2_1"> Because perfect correlation is impossible to detect.
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<input type="radio" name="input_aae486332b314439a3dfbd5c2b15c515_2_1" id="input_aae486332b314439a3dfbd5c2b15c515_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="aae486332b314439a3dfbd5c2b15c515_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_aae486332b314439a3dfbd5c2b15c515_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_aae486332b314439a3dfbd5c2b15c515_2_1"> Because the dispute is about what is metaphysically possible.
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<input type="radio" name="input_aae486332b314439a3dfbd5c2b15c515_2_1" id="input_aae486332b314439a3dfbd5c2b15c515_2_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_3"/><label id="aae486332b314439a3dfbd5c2b15c515_2_1-choice_3-label" for="input_aae486332b314439a3dfbd5c2b15c515_2_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_aae486332b314439a3dfbd5c2b15c515_2_1"> Because the dispute is about what is nomologically possible.
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<input type="radio" name="input_aae486332b314439a3dfbd5c2b15c515_2_1" id="input_aae486332b314439a3dfbd5c2b15c515_2_1_choice_4" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_4"/><label id="aae486332b314439a3dfbd5c2b15c515_2_1-choice_4-label" for="input_aae486332b314439a3dfbd5c2b15c515_2_1_choice_4" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_aae486332b314439a3dfbd5c2b15c515_2_1"> Because dualists do not accept the authority of science.
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Problem 2
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<p>There is a central argument in section 2 of Gertler&#8217;s paper. Which two of the following are, taken together, the best paraphrases of the two major premises? (Select them both.)</p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_6fc3fb0748334d8abf728dd4d50d5347_2_1">
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_6fc3fb0748334d8abf728dd4d50d5347_2_1[]" id="input_6fc3fb0748334d8abf728dd4d50d5347_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_0"/><label id="6fc3fb0748334d8abf728dd4d50d5347_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_6fc3fb0748334d8abf728dd4d50d5347_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_6fc3fb0748334d8abf728dd4d50d5347_2_1"> If I can conceive of being disembodied, then being in pain is a non-physical state.
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_6fc3fb0748334d8abf728dd4d50d5347_2_1[]" id="input_6fc3fb0748334d8abf728dd4d50d5347_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_1"/><label id="6fc3fb0748334d8abf728dd4d50d5347_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_6fc3fb0748334d8abf728dd4d50d5347_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_6fc3fb0748334d8abf728dd4d50d5347_2_1"> I can conceive of having a particular pain without having any physical properties.
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_6fc3fb0748334d8abf728dd4d50d5347_2_1[]" id="input_6fc3fb0748334d8abf728dd4d50d5347_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_2"/><label id="6fc3fb0748334d8abf728dd4d50d5347_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_6fc3fb0748334d8abf728dd4d50d5347_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_6fc3fb0748334d8abf728dd4d50d5347_2_1"> I can conceive of being disembodied.
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_6fc3fb0748334d8abf728dd4d50d5347_2_1[]" id="input_6fc3fb0748334d8abf728dd4d50d5347_2_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_3"/><label id="6fc3fb0748334d8abf728dd4d50d5347_2_1-choice_3-label" for="input_6fc3fb0748334d8abf728dd4d50d5347_2_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_6fc3fb0748334d8abf728dd4d50d5347_2_1"> If I can conceive of being in pain without having any physical properties, then it&#8217;s possible that I am in pain without having any physical properties.
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_6fc3fb0748334d8abf728dd4d50d5347_2_1[]" id="input_6fc3fb0748334d8abf728dd4d50d5347_2_1_choice_4" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_4"/><label id="6fc3fb0748334d8abf728dd4d50d5347_2_1-choice_4-label" for="input_6fc3fb0748334d8abf728dd4d50d5347_2_1_choice_4" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_6fc3fb0748334d8abf728dd4d50d5347_2_1"> Even though I firmly believe that I have physical properties, I can conceive of being disembodied.
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_6fc3fb0748334d8abf728dd4d50d5347_2_1[]" id="input_6fc3fb0748334d8abf728dd4d50d5347_2_1_choice_5" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_5"/><label id="6fc3fb0748334d8abf728dd4d50d5347_2_1-choice_5-label" for="input_6fc3fb0748334d8abf728dd4d50d5347_2_1_choice_5" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_6fc3fb0748334d8abf728dd4d50d5347_2_1"> If I can conceive of having a particular pain without having any physical properties, then it&#8217;s possible that I have that particular pain without having any physical properties.
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Problem 3
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<p>Gertler considers two objections to her Premise 2. What are they? (Select them both.)</p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_f3128a603ad6411fbe80f0bf923b4c68_2_1">
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_f3128a603ad6411fbe80f0bf923b4c68_2_1[]" id="input_f3128a603ad6411fbe80f0bf923b4c68_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_0"/><label id="f3128a603ad6411fbe80f0bf923b4c68_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_f3128a603ad6411fbe80f0bf923b4c68_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_f3128a603ad6411fbe80f0bf923b4c68_2_1"> Our concepts may not reflect how the world is.
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_f3128a603ad6411fbe80f0bf923b4c68_2_1[]" id="input_f3128a603ad6411fbe80f0bf923b4c68_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_1"/><label id="f3128a603ad6411fbe80f0bf923b4c68_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_f3128a603ad6411fbe80f0bf923b4c68_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_f3128a603ad6411fbe80f0bf923b4c68_2_1"> We must allow for the possibility that we will refine or even abandon our concepts.
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_f3128a603ad6411fbe80f0bf923b4c68_2_1[]" id="input_f3128a603ad6411fbe80f0bf923b4c68_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_2"/><label id="f3128a603ad6411fbe80f0bf923b4c68_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_f3128a603ad6411fbe80f0bf923b4c68_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_f3128a603ad6411fbe80f0bf923b4c68_2_1"> In conceiving of something, we are simply exercising our concepts.
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_f3128a603ad6411fbe80f0bf923b4c68_2_1[]" id="input_f3128a603ad6411fbe80f0bf923b4c68_2_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_3"/><label id="f3128a603ad6411fbe80f0bf923b4c68_2_1-choice_3-label" for="input_f3128a603ad6411fbe80f0bf923b4c68_2_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_f3128a603ad6411fbe80f0bf923b4c68_2_1"> Nothing corresponds to the concept of witchcraft.
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_f3128a603ad6411fbe80f0bf923b4c68_2_1[]" id="input_f3128a603ad6411fbe80f0bf923b4c68_2_1_choice_4" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_4"/><label id="f3128a603ad6411fbe80f0bf923b4c68_2_1-choice_4-label" for="input_f3128a603ad6411fbe80f0bf923b4c68_2_1_choice_4" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_f3128a603ad6411fbe80f0bf923b4c68_2_1"> A beginning student in geometry could conceive of the Pythagorean Theorem being false.
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_f3128a603ad6411fbe80f0bf923b4c68_2_1[]" id="input_f3128a603ad6411fbe80f0bf923b4c68_2_1_choice_5" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_5"/><label id="f3128a603ad6411fbe80f0bf923b4c68_2_1-choice_5-label" for="input_f3128a603ad6411fbe80f0bf923b4c68_2_1_choice_5" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_f3128a603ad6411fbe80f0bf923b4c68_2_1"> Our concepts of pain and the physical, in particular, are limited or unclear.
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Problem 4
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<p>Gertler&#8217;s response to the first objection to premise 2 is, in effect, that it has a certain common flaw. What flaw? (You may like to consult the <a href="/assets/courseware/v1/235da70b4d9dbaf0f8a43ef0772a4811/asset-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@asset+block/2409x_guide_to_logic_and_argumentation.pdf" target="_blank">Guide to Logic and Argumentation</a>.)</p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_efe52b51de6b49f19f5db7c34489010f_2_1">
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<input type="radio" name="input_efe52b51de6b49f19f5db7c34489010f_2_1" id="input_efe52b51de6b49f19f5db7c34489010f_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="efe52b51de6b49f19f5db7c34489010f_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_efe52b51de6b49f19f5db7c34489010f_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_efe52b51de6b49f19f5db7c34489010f_2_1"> It commits a fallacy of equivocation.
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<input type="radio" name="input_efe52b51de6b49f19f5db7c34489010f_2_1" id="input_efe52b51de6b49f19f5db7c34489010f_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="efe52b51de6b49f19f5db7c34489010f_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_efe52b51de6b49f19f5db7c34489010f_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_efe52b51de6b49f19f5db7c34489010f_2_1"> It begs the question.
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<input type="radio" name="input_efe52b51de6b49f19f5db7c34489010f_2_1" id="input_efe52b51de6b49f19f5db7c34489010f_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="efe52b51de6b49f19f5db7c34489010f_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_efe52b51de6b49f19f5db7c34489010f_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_efe52b51de6b49f19f5db7c34489010f_2_1"> It proves too much.
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<input type="radio" name="input_efe52b51de6b49f19f5db7c34489010f_2_1" id="input_efe52b51de6b49f19f5db7c34489010f_2_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_3"/><label id="efe52b51de6b49f19f5db7c34489010f_2_1-choice_3-label" for="input_efe52b51de6b49f19f5db7c34489010f_2_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_efe52b51de6b49f19f5db7c34489010f_2_1"> It appeals to authority.
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<input type="radio" name="input_efe52b51de6b49f19f5db7c34489010f_2_1" id="input_efe52b51de6b49f19f5db7c34489010f_2_1_choice_4" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_4"/><label id="efe52b51de6b49f19f5db7c34489010f_2_1-choice_4-label" for="input_efe52b51de6b49f19f5db7c34489010f_2_1_choice_4" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_efe52b51de6b49f19f5db7c34489010f_2_1"> It is aimed at a straw man.
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Problem 5
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<p>In response to the second objection to Premise 2, Gertler changes Premise 1 and Premise 2 to Premise 1* and Premise 2*, respectively.</p>
<p>What is the relationship between Premise 1 and Premise 1*?</p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_35f94ef39fc341668cea854f0a8652ec_2_1">
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<input type="radio" name="input_35f94ef39fc341668cea854f0a8652ec_2_1" id="input_35f94ef39fc341668cea854f0a8652ec_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="35f94ef39fc341668cea854f0a8652ec_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_35f94ef39fc341668cea854f0a8652ec_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_35f94ef39fc341668cea854f0a8652ec_2_1"> Premise 1 entails Premise 1*, and Premise 1* entails Premise 1&#8212;i.e., they are logically equivalent.
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<input type="radio" name="input_35f94ef39fc341668cea854f0a8652ec_2_1" id="input_35f94ef39fc341668cea854f0a8652ec_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="35f94ef39fc341668cea854f0a8652ec_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_35f94ef39fc341668cea854f0a8652ec_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_35f94ef39fc341668cea854f0a8652ec_2_1"> Premise 1 entails Premise 1*, but not vice-versa.
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<input type="radio" name="input_35f94ef39fc341668cea854f0a8652ec_2_1" id="input_35f94ef39fc341668cea854f0a8652ec_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="35f94ef39fc341668cea854f0a8652ec_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_35f94ef39fc341668cea854f0a8652ec_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_35f94ef39fc341668cea854f0a8652ec_2_1"> Premise 1* entails Premise 1, but not vice-versa.
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<p>What is the relationship between Premise 2 and Premise 2*?</p>
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<input type="radio" name="input_35f94ef39fc341668cea854f0a8652ec_3_1" id="input_35f94ef39fc341668cea854f0a8652ec_3_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="35f94ef39fc341668cea854f0a8652ec_3_1-choice_0-label" for="input_35f94ef39fc341668cea854f0a8652ec_3_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_35f94ef39fc341668cea854f0a8652ec_3_1"> Premise 2 entails Premise 2*, and Premise 2* entails Premise 2&#8212;i.e., they are logically equivalent.
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<input type="radio" name="input_35f94ef39fc341668cea854f0a8652ec_3_1" id="input_35f94ef39fc341668cea854f0a8652ec_3_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="35f94ef39fc341668cea854f0a8652ec_3_1-choice_1-label" for="input_35f94ef39fc341668cea854f0a8652ec_3_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_35f94ef39fc341668cea854f0a8652ec_3_1"> Premise 2 entails Premise 2*, but not vice-versa.
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<p>Which of the following best paraphrases what Gertler calls &#8220;The Core Issue on which the Disembodied Argument rests&#8221;?</p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_107db249da694a3493490f838a08c29e_2_1">
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<input type="radio" name="input_107db249da694a3493490f838a08c29e_2_1" id="input_107db249da694a3493490f838a08c29e_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="107db249da694a3493490f838a08c29e_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_107db249da694a3493490f838a08c29e_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_107db249da694a3493490f838a08c29e_2_1"> Are the concepts of pain and the physical suitable for use in arguments for dualism?
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<input type="radio" name="input_107db249da694a3493490f838a08c29e_2_1" id="input_107db249da694a3493490f838a08c29e_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="107db249da694a3493490f838a08c29e_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_107db249da694a3493490f838a08c29e_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_107db249da694a3493490f838a08c29e_2_1"> Are the concepts of pain and the physical like the concept of a bachelor, or alternatively like the concept of water?
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<input type="radio" name="input_107db249da694a3493490f838a08c29e_2_1" id="input_107db249da694a3493490f838a08c29e_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="107db249da694a3493490f838a08c29e_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_107db249da694a3493490f838a08c29e_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_107db249da694a3493490f838a08c29e_2_1"> Do the concepts of pain and the physical correspond to real properties?
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<input type="radio" name="input_107db249da694a3493490f838a08c29e_2_1" id="input_107db249da694a3493490f838a08c29e_2_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_3"/><label id="107db249da694a3493490f838a08c29e_2_1-choice_3-label" for="input_107db249da694a3493490f838a08c29e_2_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_107db249da694a3493490f838a08c29e_2_1"> Is conceivability a good test for possibility?
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<input type="radio" name="input_107db249da694a3493490f838a08c29e_2_1" id="input_107db249da694a3493490f838a08c29e_2_1_choice_4" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_4"/><label id="107db249da694a3493490f838a08c29e_2_1-choice_4-label" for="input_107db249da694a3493490f838a08c29e_2_1_choice_4" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_107db249da694a3493490f838a08c29e_2_1"> Does the fact that you can conceive of being in pain while disembodied entail that it is possible that you are in pain while disembodied?
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<p>Gertler considers the concepts of the physical and of pain. Which is the less problematic, according to her?</p>
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Problem 8
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<p>How should we conceptualise the physical, for the purposes of the Disembodiment Argument, according to Gertler?</p>
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Problem 9
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<p>Which of the following is the relevant difference between the concept of water and the concept of pain, according to Gertler?</p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_9aaf0c0ff461489ca7ad98cbf755834d_2_1">
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<input type="radio" name="input_9aaf0c0ff461489ca7ad98cbf755834d_2_1" id="input_9aaf0c0ff461489ca7ad98cbf755834d_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="9aaf0c0ff461489ca7ad98cbf755834d_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_9aaf0c0ff461489ca7ad98cbf755834d_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_9aaf0c0ff461489ca7ad98cbf755834d_2_1"> We conceptualize water as H2O, but we do not conceptualize pain as c-fibers firing.
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<input type="radio" name="input_9aaf0c0ff461489ca7ad98cbf755834d_2_1" id="input_9aaf0c0ff461489ca7ad98cbf755834d_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="9aaf0c0ff461489ca7ad98cbf755834d_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_9aaf0c0ff461489ca7ad98cbf755834d_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_9aaf0c0ff461489ca7ad98cbf755834d_2_1"> Something could look and feel like water without being water, but anything that feels like pain is pain.
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<input type="radio" name="input_9aaf0c0ff461489ca7ad98cbf755834d_2_1" id="input_9aaf0c0ff461489ca7ad98cbf755834d_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="9aaf0c0ff461489ca7ad98cbf755834d_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_9aaf0c0ff461489ca7ad98cbf755834d_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_9aaf0c0ff461489ca7ad98cbf755834d_2_1"> We cannot be wrong about whether we are in pain, whereas we can be wrong about whether something is water.
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<input type="radio" name="input_9aaf0c0ff461489ca7ad98cbf755834d_2_1" id="input_9aaf0c0ff461489ca7ad98cbf755834d_2_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_3"/><label id="9aaf0c0ff461489ca7ad98cbf755834d_2_1-choice_3-label" for="input_9aaf0c0ff461489ca7ad98cbf755834d_2_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_9aaf0c0ff461489ca7ad98cbf755834d_2_1"> Neuroscience has not discovered the hidden essence of pain, but chemistry has discovered the hidden essence of water.
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<input type="radio" name="input_9aaf0c0ff461489ca7ad98cbf755834d_2_1" id="input_9aaf0c0ff461489ca7ad98cbf755834d_2_1_choice_4" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_4"/><label id="9aaf0c0ff461489ca7ad98cbf755834d_2_1-choice_4-label" for="input_9aaf0c0ff461489ca7ad98cbf755834d_2_1_choice_4" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_9aaf0c0ff461489ca7ad98cbf755834d_2_1"> We conceptualize water in terms of its appearance, but we conceptualize pain as the neurological state that causes pain behavior.
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Problem 10
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<p>Which of the following is <i>not</i>, if true, a decisive objection to Gertler&#8217;s revised argument?</p>
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<input type="radio" name="input_73ef6ab06f8844cbba1a446815edbf4f_2_1" id="input_73ef6ab06f8844cbba1a446815edbf4f_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="73ef6ab06f8844cbba1a446815edbf4f_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_73ef6ab06f8844cbba1a446815edbf4f_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_73ef6ab06f8844cbba1a446815edbf4f_2_1"> Premise 1 is false.
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