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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Map of Lecture 19</h2>
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<p>We will spend most of today<span style="color: #4c4c4c; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">’</span><span style="font-size: 1em;">s lecture discussing the Argument from Illusion to the conclusion that we do not ever perceive material objects. Towards the end, we will move on to the second question of Part 4: supposing we do perceive material objects, do they really have the properties they appear to have?</span></p>
<p>The reading for Lecture 19 is “<a href="/assets/courseware/v1/4ca618002d7986634688dfd19d98427b/asset-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@asset+block/19_maund_color.pdf" target="_blank">Color</a>”, by Barry Maund, which is an article from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.</p>
<ul>
<ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/d958a3166a484143b2830561e7670263" target="_blank">A Reminder, and the Plan for Today</a>: The reminder is of the questions of Part 4; the plan is to talk about them.</li>
<li>Back to the Argument from Illusion: It<span style="color: #4c4c4c; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">’</span>s an argument that's well-worth attention.</li>
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<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/79bea081c1004ee8803e50e4d5d3613c" target="_blank">The Argument Stated</a>: Here it is again, in two parts.</li>
<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/48118bb2e163416ba0885a9277e89afb" target="_blank">Premise 4</a>: Is premise 4 any good? We give an argument for it that looks pretty good.</li>
<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/72d66e86af384925ae236d9f2bb3c97e" target="_blank">Premise 3</a>: Denying premise 3 looks more promising. But doing that requires that we give some account of what is going on when we, for instance, have an after-image.</li>
<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/bebd0e292e41421381d611b9562fa7a4" target="_blank">The First Question: Summing Up</a>: A summary of where our discussion of the argument of illusion leaves us, exatly.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<li>Now to the Second Question: Are things colored?</li>
<ul>
<ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/cd041d953db7404395437c5b65362d75" target="_blank">A Popular Answer</a>: Historically, it is a surprisingly popular claim that material objects are not colored, contrary to appearances.</li>
<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/626e548010fc4311b4df19bb866d20ad" target="_blank">Is Color One Big Perceptual Illusion?</a> MIT students give their reasons for thinking it is.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<p></p>
<p>You can download the lecture 19 slides <a href="/assets/courseware/v1/a15817e185f17e138223186d2ba2e399/asset-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@asset+block/24.09x_Lecture_19_Slides.key.pdf" target="_blank">here</a>.</p>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">A Reminder, and the Plan for Today</h2>
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<h1>A Reminder, and the Plan for Today</h1>
<p>Remember the two questions of Part 4? I will remind you of them below.</p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video: A Reminder, and the Plan for Today</h3>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Back to the Argument from Illusion: The Argument Stated</h2>
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<h1>Back to the Argument from Illusion</h1>
<p>In this part of the lecture, we state and then analyze the argument from illusion. If we want to resist the conclusion, which premise is it most plausible to deny? We consider two options.</p>
<p>By the end of this part of the lecture, you should be clear both on the argument, and on which premise, if any, you think might be false.</p>
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Problem: the argument from illusion
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<p>Which of the following is <i>not</i> entailed by the premises in the argument from illusion?</p>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Back to the Argument from Illusion: Premise 4</h2>
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Problem: sense datum
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<p>What is the point of the observation that you don&#8217;t see a sense datum by the light it reflects, because sense data reflect no light?</p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_5419602fa0774c84974a495a9240b855_2_1">
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<input type="radio" name="input_5419602fa0774c84974a495a9240b855_2_1" id="input_5419602fa0774c84974a495a9240b855_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="5419602fa0774c84974a495a9240b855_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_5419602fa0774c84974a495a9240b855_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_5419602fa0774c84974a495a9240b855_2_1"> Seeing a sense datum depends only the intrinsic properties of the subject&#8217;s brain.
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<input type="radio" name="input_5419602fa0774c84974a495a9240b855_2_1" id="input_5419602fa0774c84974a495a9240b855_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="5419602fa0774c84974a495a9240b855_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_5419602fa0774c84974a495a9240b855_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_5419602fa0774c84974a495a9240b855_2_1"> A sense datum is an immaterial object.
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<input type="radio" name="input_5419602fa0774c84974a495a9240b855_2_1" id="input_5419602fa0774c84974a495a9240b855_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="5419602fa0774c84974a495a9240b855_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_5419602fa0774c84974a495a9240b855_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_5419602fa0774c84974a495a9240b855_2_1"> The psychological mechanisms involved in seeing sense-data are very different from the mechanisms involved in seeing ordinary material objects.
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Back to the Argument from Illusion: Premise 3</h2>
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Problem: highly intuitive
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<legend id="e087156fd34d4934827b15059fb7265a_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">True or false: Prof. Byrne suggests that we should find it intuitively plausible that someone who is hallucinating a satsuma sees something.</legend>
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<p>If you are going to reject premise 3, you need to explain what, exactly, is happening when a person hallucinates, if it isn’t that she sees something orange (or whatever). Our old friend Ulin Place, the identity theorist, had such an account; we consider it below.</p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video: Place's Account of Halucination</h3>
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Problem: the green cube
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<legend id="98ce7a7888e441c9b1522ad513931d2e_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Which of the following is part of the hypothetical example of the green cube?</legend>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Back to the Argument from Illusion: Summing Up</h2>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Now to the Second Question: A Popular Answer</h2>
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<h1>Now to the Second Question</h1>
<p>Suppose that the argument from illusion fails, and we do see material objects after all. Do they have the properties they appear to have? In particular, are they colored? We broach the subject in this part of the lecture. We will discuss it more next lecture; for now, you should decide what you think, and why.</p>
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Problem: Galileo, Palmer, and Descartes
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<legend id="4b20b7c559b1423c81feec8d6fef581c_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">The following best represents the view attributed to Galileo, Palmer, and Descartes in this segment:</legend>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Now to the Second Question: Is Color One Big Perceptual Illusion?</h2>
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Problem: lemon
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<p>Which of the following is <i>not</i> part of the Galileo/Palmer/Descartes view about color?</p>
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<p><span style="line-height: 1.6;">We’ll have a lot to say about both the science and philosophy of color vision in the next lecture. </span>We will begin by taking up these suggestions, at the end of the video above, as to why we should believe that things aren’t colored.</p>
<p>In the mean time, have a look at C. L. Hardin’s “<a href="/assets/courseware/v1/3fc389e473434a75026921a79aeedcd6/asset-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@asset+block/20_hardin_are__scientific__objects_colored_.pdf" target="_blank">Are ‘Scientific’ Objects Colored?</a>”</p>
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