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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Map of Lecture 4</h2>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px;">(The Lecture 4 reading: “<a href="/assets/courseware/v1/ea61e8eefb819ecbee7db312800619a1/asset-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@asset+block/3_churchlands_could_a_machine_think_.pdf" target="_blank">Could a Machine Think?</a>”, by Paul and Patricia Churchland. Please read it!)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px;">This is the last lecture on the Chinese Room Argument. We’ll analyze it with our new tools, and find it wanting. The main task of the lecture will be to extract a new, better argument against Strong AI.</p>
<ul style="line-height: 25.6000003814697px;">
<ul>
<li style="line-height: 25.6000003814697px;">Analyzing the Chinese Room Argument: Now we know how, let’s figure it out: is the Chinese Room Argument any good?</li>
<ul>
<ul>
<ul>
<li style="line-height: 25.6000003814697px;"><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/07ad08eb3e824a6fa0b3129c71a55ea5" target="_blank">Recapping Arguments</a>: A brief summary of the material about arguments in general from last time.</li>
<li style="line-height: 25.6000003814697px;"><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/5e0f3e49ebd0440e8c3cd2af6ae3cba0" target="_blank">Analyzing The Argument</a>: Is it valid? Yes. Is it sound? It seems Searle doesn’t give us a good reason to think so. But maybe his conclusion is true anyway?</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<li style="line-height: 25.6000003814697px;">The Churchlands on the Chinese Room: Even if Searle doesn’t give us an argument, it <em>is</em> hard to believe that the room understands Chinese. But the Churchlands say we should believe it anyway…</li>
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<li style="line-height: 25.6000003814697px;"><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/64a4e3f793524b52ac6fc148ed01c6af" target="_blank">Introducing the Churchlands</a>: Who are the happy couple?</li>
<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/8585c9367a9249a7a5d9238b9eb7d589" target="_blank">The Luminous Room</a>: In which we discuss an analogy the Churchlands use to make the Chinese-understanding room seem less mind-boggling. But is this analogy any good?</li>
</ul>
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</ul>
<li style="line-height: 25.6000003814697px;">An Alternative Argument Against Strong AI: We can do better.</li>
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<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/6383980a1c1a4ca3bbd079e2ffa09a64" target="_blank">Searle’s Other Argument</a>: In which the alternative argument is stated in Searle’s language, made clearer, and its connection to the Chinese Room is explained.</li>
<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/43157c7947c846e5941bd517d19c73ae" target="_blank">A Different Argument for Axiom 3</a>: One of the premises of Searle’s alternative argument is what he calls <em>Axiom 3</em>. He thinks Axiom 3 is established by the Chinese Room Argument. It doesn’t seem to be, but maybe we can find an alternative justification…</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<li><span style="line-height: 25.6000003814697px;"><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/1d7fe599e9e14cf88a8758fe74ec73c8" target="_blank">The Robot “Reply” </a>: This new argument has potential. But while the conclusion of this new argument is that Strong AI is false, it is consistent with a different thesis, which Searle also wants to reject. Searle thinks of this other thesis as the basis of an objection, and calls that objection <em>the Robot Reply</em>. Here we’ll see what Searle has to say about it.</span></li>
<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/d50218ee6ddb494d9b9442152d146334" target="_blank">Alan Turing</a>: Finally, we segue into our new topic: Turing Machines and the Turing Test. We will discuss this further in Lecture 5; in the meantime, let me introduce you to the man for whom the Machines and Test are named.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<p></p>
<p>You can download the Lecture 4 slides <a href="/assets/courseware/v1/474fc0b4cdde35d56e5d6cd4a48f014b/asset-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@asset+block/24.09x_Lecture_4_Slides.pdf" target="_blank">here</a>.</p>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Analyzing the Chinese Room Argument: Recapping Arguments</h2>
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<h1>Analyzing the Chinese Room Argument</h1>
<p>We have the tools, now let’s do the work of analysing the Chinese Room Argument. By the end of this part of the lecture, you should know whether the argument is valid, whether Searle gives us a good reason to think it’s sound, and which premise is most disputable.</p>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Analyzing the Chinese Room Argument: Analyzing The Argument</h2>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video: Analyzing The Argument</h3>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">The Churchlands on the Chinese Room: Introducing the Churchlands</h2>
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<h1>The Churchlands on the Chinese Room</h1>
<p>It seems that Searle does not give us a good reason to believe the Chinese Room doesn’t understand Chinese. Still, the claim that the Chinese Room does understand Chinese might well seem implausible. The Churchlands think they have a way of making it more intuitive. By the end of this part of the lecture, you should understand the “Luminous Room“ analogy the Churchlands use, and have an opinion on how good the analogy is. </p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video: Introducing the Churchlands</h3>
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<p>According to <a href="http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2007/02/12/two-heads" target="_blank">the New Yorker article</a>, who dramatically revived the mind-body problem in the 1990s?</p>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">The Churchlands on the Chinese Room: The Luminous Room</h2>
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Problem: the Luminous Room
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">An Alternative Argument Against Strong AI: Searle's Other Argument</h2>
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<h1>An Alternative Argument Against Strong AI</h1>
<p>Though the Chinese Room Argument has problems, Searle provides the pieces to produce a better argument. By the end of this part of the lecture, you should know what that better argument is.</p>
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Problem: Searle&#39;s argument
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<p>What&#8217;s the problem with Searle&#8217;s argument as shown on the slides?</p>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">An Alternative Argument Against Strong AI: A Different Argument for Axiom 3</h2>
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<p>Now we’ve seen the new argument. It has one controversial premise: Axiom 3. Searle thinks that the Chinese Room Argument establishes Axiom 3, but we’ve seen reasons to doubt this. Can we provide a better argument for Axiom 3? We’ll give it our first shot in the video below.</p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video: A Different Argument for Axiom 3</h3>
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Problem: the computer floating in deep space
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<legend id="460a3870c6d4472596e30834adf8d28d_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">The main point about the computer floating in deep space running the so-called believes-Reif-is-President-of-MIT program is that</legend>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">The Robot Reply</h2>
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<h1>The Robot Reply</h1>
<p>If the previous argument works, Strong AI<strong> </strong>is false, just like Searle said. But the previous argument is consistent with another similar thesis, which Searle doesn’t like either. Searle thinks of this other thesis as being the basis of an objection, which he calls “the Robot Reply ”<span style="font-size: 1em;"> . By the end of this part of the lecture, you should understand the Robot Reply, Searle’s response to it, and have an opinion as to whether Searle’s response works.</span></p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video: The Robot 'Reply'</h3>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Alan Turing</h2>
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<h1>Alan Turing</h1>
<p>We’re moving on from the Chinese Room; in the next lecture, we’ll discuss Turing Machines and the Turing test. By way of introduction, let me tell you the dramatic story of Alan Turing. He is now hailed as a genius who made a great contribution to his country during World War II. However, his treatment by the establishment in his own time was decidedly shabby.</p>
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<p>You can read the text of Gordon Brown’s apology, on behalf of the U.K. government, <a href="http://universal-machine.blogspot.com/search?q=turing+apology" target="_blank">here</a>. In the next lecture, we'll talk about Turing Machines, and at the end touch on the Turing test. Have a look at Turing’s original paper on the Turing test, “<a href="/assets/courseware/v1/0c0db957c39184b538869f8d9e9a3b56/asset-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@asset+block/5_turing_computing_machinery_and_intelligence.pdf" target="_blank">Computing Machinery and Intelligence</a>”.</p>
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