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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Map of Lecture 2</h2>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px;">The reading for today’s lecture is John Searle’s “<a href="/assets/courseware/v1/3e5f68afe24add5d2057014be49384a4/asset-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@asset+block/1_searle_mind_s_brain_a_computer_program__.pdf" target="_blank">Is the Mind’s Brain a Computer Program</a>”. Get on it!</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px;">The topic of today’s lecture is the first topic of the course: minds and computers. We will start by looking at an argument due to John Searle that—to put it imprecisely for the moment—computers can’t think.</p>
<ul style="line-height: 25.6000003814697px;">
<ul>
<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/33b5374c691e4b5dad3bc1f2dfeedd5a" target="_blank">Watson vs. Searle</a>: In the one corner, Watson: computer, Jeopardy champion. In the other, John Searle: human, philosopher.</li>
<li>Strong AI: Roughly speaking, Searle is arguing that computers can’t think. But what <em>exactly </em>is his view? What is the thesis he says is false? Searle calls it <em>Strong AI</em>, and in this part of the lecture we’ll get clear on what Strong AI is.</li>
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<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/b9b9bd87d00641598b9f78de5493cc5b" target="_blank">Weak vs. Strong AI</a>: In which the target thesis is distinguished from a more modest version.</li>
<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/8df69d53ef8a4527aaa8d0f774b54c54" target="_blank">Precisifying Strong AI</a>: In which we try to get yet clearer on the target thesis.</li>
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<li>An Analogy: To say that <em>Strong AI</em> is false is to say that the best computers can do is merely <em>simulate</em> thinking. To get clearer on what that means, consider an analogy…</li>
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<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/4e720c3c474d4d0887ac93146ab9ed1e" target="_blank">Artifical Meteorology</a>: Computers can simulate the weather. But obviously, (merely) simulated weather isn’t weather. As it is with weather, so it is with thinking, says Searle.</li>
<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/01286593e10d44c890fa73a047f20116" target="_blank">Some Discussion of the Analogy</a>: Is that a good analogy? If it is, then we don’t need a fancy argument to see that Strong AI is false; it should be as obvious as the claim that simulated weather isn’t weather. If the analogy isn’t good, what’s wrong with it? MIT students weigh in.</li>
</ul>
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</ul>
<li>The Chinese Room Argument: In which we give Searle’s argument against Strong AI.</li>
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<ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/1cc2230c80d14ec1b14dac78d5e85c69" target="_blank">The Chinese Room</a>: Consider a certain thought experiment. John Searle is in a room…</li>
<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/acff5486b3a444b2b225671743dcb7db" target="_blank">The Argument</a>: In which we state the official version of the argument, which makes reference to the Chinese Room thought experiment.</li>
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<li><a href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019/jump_to_id/af67a4da4141453bb31c720b59e8f567" target="_blank">An Immediate Problem</a>: …with the Chinese Room Argument, that is.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<p></p>
<p>You can download the Lecture 2 slides <a href="/assets/courseware/v1/88827ba629b85e9e6b9c41b230b00314/asset-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@asset+block/24.09x_Lecture_2_Slides.pdf" target="_blank">here</a>.</p>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Watson vs. Searle</h2>
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<h1>Watson vs. Searle</h1>
<p>This lecture focuses on an argument due to John Searle. By way of introduction let’s see what Searle had to say about Watson, reigning Jeopardy champion and computer.</p>
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Problem: Watson
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<legend id="5c4cfa11e9184b129be85bebcbbf0b0f_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">According to Searle, Watson does not know it won Jeopardy because</legend>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Strong AI: Weak vs. Strong AI</h2>
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<h1>Strong AI</h1>
<p>What, exactly, is the thesis Searle aims to show is false? He calls it “Strong AI”. By the end of this part of the lecture, you should be clear on what Strong AI is.</p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video: Weak vs. Strong AI</h3>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Strong AI: Precisifying Strong AI</h2>
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Problem: Strong AI
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">An Analogy: Artificial Meteorology</h2>
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<h1>An Analogy</h1>
<p>Searle says that, though Weak AI may be true, Strong AI is false. On his view, what computers do is <em>simulate</em> thinking, but that is very different from really thinking. To understand the view, an analogy might be helpful…</p>
<p>By the end of this part of the lecture, you should be clear on the analogy between Artificial Intelligence and Artificial Meteorology.</p>
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Problem: disanalogy
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<legend id="89d10b72a6e043e1980ac1eccf696cb8_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">There is a difference between creatures with minds and hurricanes which makes Strong AI more plausible (or, at least, less hopeless) than Strong AM. What is it?</legend>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">The Chinese Room Argument: The Chinese Room</h2>
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<h1>The Chinese Room Argument</h1>
<p>Here, finally, is Searle’s argument that Strong AI is false. First, we’ll consider a certain hypothetical situation: Searle in the Chinese Room. Then we’ll state the argument, which refers to this hypothetical situation.</p>
<p>You should know what the Chinese Room Argument is by the end of this part of the lecture.</p>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">The Chinese Room Argument: The Argument</h2>
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Problem: thought experiment
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<p>According to Searle, the Chinese Room thought experiment shows that:</p>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">An Immediate Problem</h2>
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<h1>An Immediate Problem</h1>
<p>But wait! This argument does not seem to show what is it supposed to show…</p>
<p>What’s the problem? You should be clear on one particular problem, at least, by the end of this part of the lecture.</p>
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Problem: immediate problem
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<legend id="7019772b73764fdb95879e23056658cb_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">If Searle (in the Chinese Room) does not understand Chinese, does it follow that Strong AI is false?</legend>
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<p>That’s it for this week. See you next week, in Lecture 3, where we will continue to discuss the Chinese Room Argument. We will also learn a little bit about arguments generally, so that you have the tools to assess this and other arguments properly. Looking forward to it!</p>
<p>Until then here’s the reading, the paper that started it all, Searle’s “<a href="/assets/courseware/v1/894920e796501e08c6628331d21e651b/asset-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@asset+block/2_searle_minds_brains_and_programs.pdf" target="_blank">Minds, Brains, and Programs</a>”. You will also find it helpful to look at the second and third parts of Ned Block’s “<a href="/assets/courseware/v1/527c84abeb46068a76933e5aeb688070/asset-v1:MITx+24.09x+3T2019+type@asset+block/4_block_mind_as_software_of_brain.pdf" target="_blank">The Mind as the Software of the Brain</a>”.</p>
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