Agustín Rayo
Professor of Philosophy and Associate Dean of SHASS Massachusetts Institute of Technology
24.118x
Paradox and Infinity
This course is currently available on MITx Online with Certificate enrollment open.
About this course
In Paradox and Infinity, you will be introduced to highlights from the intersection of philosophy and mathematics.
The class is divided into three modules:
- Infinity: Learn about how some infinities are bigger than others, and explore the mind-boggling hierarchy of bigger and bigger infinities.
- Time Travel and Free Will : Learn about whether time travel is logically possible, and whether it is compatible with free will.
- Computability and Gödel's Theorem : Learn about how some mathematical functions are so complex, that no computer could possibly compute them. Use this result to prove Gödel's famous Incompleteness Theorem.
Paradox and Infinity is a math-heavy class, which presupposes that you feel comfortable with college-level mathematics and that you are familiar with mathematical proofs.
Learners who display exceptional performance in the class are eligible to win the MITx Philosophy Award. High School students are eligible for that award and, in addition, the MITx High School Philosophy award. Please see the FAQ section below for additional information.
Note: learners who do well in Paradox will have typically taken at least a couple of college-level classes in mathematics or computer science. On the other hand, Paradox does not presuppose familiarity with any particular branch of mathematics or computer science. You just need to feel comfortable in a mathematical setting.
What you'll learn
- You will learn how to prove a number of beautiful theorems, including Cantor's Theorem, the Banach-Tarski Theorem, and Gödel's Theorem.
- You will acquire the ability to think rigorously about paradoxes and other open-ended problems.
- You will learn about phenomena at the boundaries of our theorizing, where our standard mathematical tools are not always effective.
Syllabus
Module 1: INFINITY
Week 1 Infinite Cardinalities
Week 2 The Higher Infinite
Week 3 Omega-Sequence Paradoxes
Module 2: DECISIONS, PROBABILITIES AND MEASURES
Week 4 Time Travel
Week 5 Newcomb's Problem
Week 6 Probability
Week 7 Non-Measurable Sets
Week 8 The Banach-Tarski Theorem
Module 3: COMPUTABILITY AND GÖDEL'S THEOREM
Week 9 Computability
Week 10 Gödel's Theorem
Meet your instructors
David Balcarras
Digital Learning Lab Fellow Massachusetts Institute of Technolog
Cosmo Grant
Digital Learning Lab Fellow Massachusetts Institute of Technology