<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-graded="True" data-request-token="2be89f18e9a411efbd7512d4917dea95" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="vertical" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@vertical+block@cef81a23123d4ea7b1582b16eacb0e02"> <h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Problem 1.1</h2> <div class="vert-mod"> <div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@html+block@52111e087f924290b91c2eff94579627"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-graded="True" data-request-token="2be89f18e9a411efbd7512d4917dea95" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@html+block@52111e087f924290b91c2eff94579627"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <p>The figure below shows a \((100)\) section of CaO&nbsp;(rocksalt structure):</p> <p></p> <p><img src="/assets/courseware/v1/b4e0a03561b48dc26cf9db31498dbc39/asset-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@asset+block/3012_Problem5_3.jpg" alt="Alternating layers of Ca and O atoms. Several defects are labeled. A is a vacancy on an oxygen site. B is a Lithium atom on a calcium site. C is a fluoride atom on an oxygen site. D is a vacancy on a calcium site. E is an iron atom on a calcium site." type="saveimage" target="[object Object]" width="745" height="600" /></p> <p>You will need to refer to this image as you answer the questions below. &nbsp;<a href="/assets/courseware/v1/b4e0a03561b48dc26cf9db31498dbc39/asset-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@asset+block/3012_Problem5_3.jpg" target="[object Object]">Click here to open this image in another window.</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-has-score="True" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-graded="True" data-request-token="2be89f18e9a411efbd7512d4917dea95" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="problem" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "Problem"} </script> <div id="problem_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f" class="problems-wrapper" role="group" aria-labelledby="9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f-problem-title" data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f/handler/xmodule_handler" data-problem-score="0" data-problem-total-possible="5" data-attempts-used="0" data-content=" &lt;h3 class=&#34;hd hd-3 problem-header&#34; id=&#34;9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f-problem-title&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f-problem-progress&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; Problem 1.1A &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;problem-progress&#34; id=&#34;block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f-problem-progress&#34;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;problem&#34;&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;p&gt;Identify the following defects:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;1) Defect A:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;wrapper-problem-response&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34; aria-label=&#34;Question 1&#34; role=&#34;group&#34;&gt;&lt;div class=&#34;choicegroup capa_inputtype&#34; id=&#34;inputtype_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_2_1&#34;&gt; &lt;fieldset aria-describedby=&#34;status_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_2_1&#34;&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_2_1&#34; id=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_2_1_choice_0&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_0&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_2_1-choice_0-label&#34; for=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_2_1_choice_0&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_2_1&#34;&gt; \(V_{O}^{&#39;&#39;}\) &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_2_1&#34; id=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_2_1_choice_1&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_1&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_2_1-choice_1-label&#34; for=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_2_1_choice_1&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_2_1&#34;&gt; \(V_{Ca}^{&#39;}\) &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_2_1&#34; id=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_2_1_choice_2&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_2&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_2_1-choice_2-label&#34; for=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_2_1_choice_2&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_2_1&#34;&gt; \(V_{Ca}^{&#39;&#39;}\) &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_2_1&#34; id=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_2_1_choice_3&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_3&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_2_1-choice_3-label&#34; for=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_2_1_choice_3&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_2_1&#34;&gt; \(V_{O}^{\bullet}\) &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_2_1&#34; id=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_2_1_choice_4&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_4&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_2_1-choice_4-label&#34; for=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_2_1_choice_4&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_2_1&#34;&gt; \(V_{O}^{\bullet \bullet}\) &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;span id=&#34;answer_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_2_1&#34;/&gt; &lt;/fieldset&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;indicator-container&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;status unanswered&#34; id=&#34;status_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_2_1&#34; data-tooltip=&#34;Not yet answered.&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;sr&#34;&gt;unanswered&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;status-icon&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;/&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;p&gt;2) Defect B:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;wrapper-problem-response&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34; aria-label=&#34;Question 2&#34; role=&#34;group&#34;&gt;&lt;div class=&#34;choicegroup capa_inputtype&#34; id=&#34;inputtype_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_3_1&#34;&gt; &lt;fieldset aria-describedby=&#34;status_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_3_1&#34;&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_3_1&#34; id=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_3_1_choice_0&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_0&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_3_1-choice_0-label&#34; for=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_3_1_choice_0&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_3_1&#34;&gt; \(Li_{Ca}^{&#39; }\) &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_3_1&#34; id=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_3_1_choice_1&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_1&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_3_1-choice_1-label&#34; for=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_3_1_choice_1&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_3_1&#34;&gt; \(Ca_{Li}^{&#39; }\) &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_3_1&#34; id=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_3_1_choice_2&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_2&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_3_1-choice_2-label&#34; for=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_3_1_choice_2&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_3_1&#34;&gt; \(Ca_{Li}^{&#39;&#39; }\) &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_3_1&#34; id=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_3_1_choice_3&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_3&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_3_1-choice_3-label&#34; for=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_3_1_choice_3&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_3_1&#34;&gt; \(Ca_{Li}^{\bullet }\) &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_3_1&#34; id=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_3_1_choice_4&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_4&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_3_1-choice_4-label&#34; for=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_3_1_choice_4&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_3_1&#34;&gt; \(Ca_{Li}^{\bullet \bullet }\) &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;span id=&#34;answer_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_3_1&#34;/&gt; &lt;/fieldset&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;indicator-container&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;status unanswered&#34; id=&#34;status_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_3_1&#34; data-tooltip=&#34;Not yet answered.&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;sr&#34;&gt;unanswered&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;status-icon&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;/&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;p&gt;3) Defect C:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;wrapper-problem-response&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34; aria-label=&#34;Question 3&#34; role=&#34;group&#34;&gt;&lt;div class=&#34;choicegroup capa_inputtype&#34; id=&#34;inputtype_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_4_1&#34;&gt; &lt;fieldset aria-describedby=&#34;status_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_4_1&#34;&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_4_1&#34; id=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_4_1_choice_0&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_0&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_4_1-choice_0-label&#34; for=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_4_1_choice_0&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_4_1&#34;&gt; \(O_{F}^{&#39; }\) &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_4_1&#34; id=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_4_1_choice_1&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_1&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_4_1-choice_1-label&#34; for=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_4_1_choice_1&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_4_1&#34;&gt; \(O_{F}^{\bullet }\) &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_4_1&#34; id=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_4_1_choice_2&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_2&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_4_1-choice_2-label&#34; for=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_4_1_choice_2&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_4_1&#34;&gt; \(F_{O}^{\bullet \bullet }\) &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_4_1&#34; id=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_4_1_choice_3&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_3&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_4_1-choice_3-label&#34; for=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_4_1_choice_3&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_4_1&#34;&gt; \(O_{F}^{\bullet \bullet }\) &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_4_1&#34; id=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_4_1_choice_4&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_4&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_4_1-choice_4-label&#34; for=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_4_1_choice_4&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_4_1&#34;&gt; \(F_{O}^{\bullet }\) &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;span id=&#34;answer_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_4_1&#34;/&gt; &lt;/fieldset&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;indicator-container&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;status unanswered&#34; id=&#34;status_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_4_1&#34; data-tooltip=&#34;Not yet answered.&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;sr&#34;&gt;unanswered&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;status-icon&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;/&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;p&gt;4) Defect D:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;wrapper-problem-response&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34; aria-label=&#34;Question 4&#34; role=&#34;group&#34;&gt;&lt;div class=&#34;choicegroup capa_inputtype&#34; id=&#34;inputtype_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_5_1&#34;&gt; &lt;fieldset aria-describedby=&#34;status_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_5_1&#34;&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_5_1&#34; id=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_5_1_choice_0&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_0&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_5_1-choice_0-label&#34; for=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_5_1_choice_0&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_5_1&#34;&gt; \(V_{O}^{\bullet \bullet}\) &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_5_1&#34; id=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_5_1_choice_1&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_1&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_5_1-choice_1-label&#34; for=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_5_1_choice_1&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_5_1&#34;&gt; \(V_{O}^{&#39;&#39;}\) &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_5_1&#34; id=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_5_1_choice_2&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_2&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_5_1-choice_2-label&#34; for=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_5_1_choice_2&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_5_1&#34;&gt; \(V_{O}^{ \bullet}\) &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_5_1&#34; id=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_5_1_choice_3&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_3&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_5_1-choice_3-label&#34; for=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_5_1_choice_3&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_5_1&#34;&gt; \(V_{Ca}^{&#39;&#39;}\) &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_5_1&#34; id=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_5_1_choice_4&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_4&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_5_1-choice_4-label&#34; for=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_5_1_choice_4&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_5_1&#34;&gt; \(V_{Ca}^{\bullet}\) &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;span id=&#34;answer_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_5_1&#34;/&gt; &lt;/fieldset&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;indicator-container&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;status unanswered&#34; id=&#34;status_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_5_1&#34; data-tooltip=&#34;Not yet answered.&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;sr&#34;&gt;unanswered&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;status-icon&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;/&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;p&gt;5) Defect E:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;wrapper-problem-response&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34; aria-label=&#34;Question 5&#34; role=&#34;group&#34;&gt;&lt;div class=&#34;choicegroup capa_inputtype&#34; id=&#34;inputtype_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_6_1&#34;&gt; &lt;fieldset aria-describedby=&#34;status_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_6_1&#34;&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_6_1&#34; id=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_6_1_choice_0&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_0&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_6_1-choice_0-label&#34; for=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_6_1_choice_0&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_6_1&#34;&gt; \(Fe_{Ca}^{\bullet \bullet}\) &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_6_1&#34; id=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_6_1_choice_1&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_1&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_6_1-choice_1-label&#34; for=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_6_1_choice_1&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_6_1&#34;&gt; \(Ca_{Fe}^{\bullet}\) &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_6_1&#34; id=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_6_1_choice_2&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_2&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_6_1-choice_2-label&#34; for=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_6_1_choice_2&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_6_1&#34;&gt; \(Fe_{Ca}^{\bullet}\) &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_6_1&#34; id=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_6_1_choice_3&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_3&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_6_1-choice_3-label&#34; for=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_6_1_choice_3&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_6_1&#34;&gt; \(Fe_{Ca}^{&#39;}\) &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_6_1&#34; id=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_6_1_choice_4&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_4&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_6_1-choice_4-label&#34; for=&#34;input_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_6_1_choice_4&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_6_1&#34;&gt; \(Fe_{Ca}^{&#39;&#39;}\) &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;span id=&#34;answer_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_6_1&#34;/&gt; &lt;/fieldset&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;indicator-container&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;status unanswered&#34; id=&#34;status_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f_6_1&#34; data-tooltip=&#34;Not yet answered.&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;sr&#34;&gt;unanswered&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;status-icon&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;/&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;action&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;hidden&#34; name=&#34;problem_id&#34; value=&#34;Problem 1.1A&#34; /&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;submit-attempt-container&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;submit btn-brand&#34; data-submitting=&#34;Submitting&#34; data-value=&#34;Submit&#34; data-should-enable-submit-button=&#34;True&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;submission_feedback_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f&#34; &gt; &lt;span class=&#34;submit-label&#34;&gt;Submit&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/button&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;submission-feedback&#34; id=&#34;submission_feedback_9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;sr&#34;&gt;Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;problem-action-buttons-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification warning notification-gentle-alert is-hidden&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;icon fa fa-exclamation-circle&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;notification-message&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f-problem-title&#34;&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification-btn-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr&#34;&gt;Review&lt;/button&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification warning notification-save is-hidden&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;icon fa fa-save&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;notification-message&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f-problem-title&#34;&gt;None &lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification-btn-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr&#34;&gt;Review&lt;/button&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification general notification-show-answer is-hidden&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;icon fa fa-info-circle&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;notification-message&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;9bf3754f09eb4746a24c3629dc2d189f-problem-title&#34;&gt;Answers are displayed within the problem &lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification-btn-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr&#34;&gt;Review&lt;/button&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; " data-graded="True"> <p class="loading-spinner"> <i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-2x fa-fw"></i> <span class="sr">Loading&hellip;</span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-2" data-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@57b4adf25e2940ea83a1c4c68fdfc5d2"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-has-score="True" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-graded="True" data-request-token="2be89f18e9a411efbd7512d4917dea95" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="problem" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@57b4adf25e2940ea83a1c4c68fdfc5d2"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "Problem"} </script> <div id="problem_57b4adf25e2940ea83a1c4c68fdfc5d2" class="problems-wrapper" role="group" aria-labelledby="57b4adf25e2940ea83a1c4c68fdfc5d2-problem-title" data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@57b4adf25e2940ea83a1c4c68fdfc5d2" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@57b4adf25e2940ea83a1c4c68fdfc5d2/handler/xmodule_handler" data-problem-score="0" data-problem-total-possible="1" data-attempts-used="0" data-content=" &lt;h3 class=&#34;hd hd-3 problem-header&#34; id=&#34;57b4adf25e2940ea83a1c4c68fdfc5d2-problem-title&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@57b4adf25e2940ea83a1c4c68fdfc5d2-problem-progress&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; Problem 1.1B &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;problem-progress&#34; id=&#34;block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@57b4adf25e2940ea83a1c4c68fdfc5d2-problem-progress&#34;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;problem&#34;&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;wrapper-problem-response&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34; aria-label=&#34;Question 1&#34; role=&#34;group&#34;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Consider the \(Fe^{3+}\) ion. Which of the defects, if any, will be electrostatically attracted to this impurity? (Choose any that apply)&lt;/p&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;choicegroup capa_inputtype&#34; id=&#34;inputtype_57b4adf25e2940ea83a1c4c68fdfc5d2_2_1&#34;&gt; &lt;fieldset aria-describedby=&#34;status_57b4adf25e2940ea83a1c4c68fdfc5d2_2_1&#34;&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;checkbox&#34; name=&#34;input_57b4adf25e2940ea83a1c4c68fdfc5d2_2_1[]&#34; id=&#34;input_57b4adf25e2940ea83a1c4c68fdfc5d2_2_1_choice_0&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-checkbox&#34; value=&#34;choice_0&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;57b4adf25e2940ea83a1c4c68fdfc5d2_2_1-choice_0-label&#34; for=&#34;input_57b4adf25e2940ea83a1c4c68fdfc5d2_2_1_choice_0&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_57b4adf25e2940ea83a1c4c68fdfc5d2_2_1&#34;&gt; Defect A &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;checkbox&#34; name=&#34;input_57b4adf25e2940ea83a1c4c68fdfc5d2_2_1[]&#34; id=&#34;input_57b4adf25e2940ea83a1c4c68fdfc5d2_2_1_choice_1&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-checkbox&#34; value=&#34;choice_1&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;57b4adf25e2940ea83a1c4c68fdfc5d2_2_1-choice_1-label&#34; for=&#34;input_57b4adf25e2940ea83a1c4c68fdfc5d2_2_1_choice_1&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_57b4adf25e2940ea83a1c4c68fdfc5d2_2_1&#34;&gt; Defect B &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;checkbox&#34; name=&#34;input_57b4adf25e2940ea83a1c4c68fdfc5d2_2_1[]&#34; id=&#34;input_57b4adf25e2940ea83a1c4c68fdfc5d2_2_1_choice_2&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-checkbox&#34; value=&#34;choice_2&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;57b4adf25e2940ea83a1c4c68fdfc5d2_2_1-choice_2-label&#34; for=&#34;input_57b4adf25e2940ea83a1c4c68fdfc5d2_2_1_choice_2&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_57b4adf25e2940ea83a1c4c68fdfc5d2_2_1&#34;&gt; Defect C &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;checkbox&#34; name=&#34;input_57b4adf25e2940ea83a1c4c68fdfc5d2_2_1[]&#34; id=&#34;input_57b4adf25e2940ea83a1c4c68fdfc5d2_2_1_choice_3&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-checkbox&#34; value=&#34;choice_3&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;57b4adf25e2940ea83a1c4c68fdfc5d2_2_1-choice_3-label&#34; for=&#34;input_57b4adf25e2940ea83a1c4c68fdfc5d2_2_1_choice_3&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_57b4adf25e2940ea83a1c4c68fdfc5d2_2_1&#34;&gt; Defect D &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;checkbox&#34; name=&#34;input_57b4adf25e2940ea83a1c4c68fdfc5d2_2_1[]&#34; id=&#34;input_57b4adf25e2940ea83a1c4c68fdfc5d2_2_1_choice_4&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-checkbox&#34; value=&#34;choice_4&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;57b4adf25e2940ea83a1c4c68fdfc5d2_2_1-choice_4-label&#34; for=&#34;input_57b4adf25e2940ea83a1c4c68fdfc5d2_2_1_choice_4&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_57b4adf25e2940ea83a1c4c68fdfc5d2_2_1&#34;&gt; None of the above &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;span id=&#34;answer_57b4adf25e2940ea83a1c4c68fdfc5d2_2_1&#34;/&gt; &lt;/fieldset&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;indicator-container&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;status unanswered&#34; id=&#34;status_57b4adf25e2940ea83a1c4c68fdfc5d2_2_1&#34; data-tooltip=&#34;Not yet answered.&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;sr&#34;&gt;unanswered&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;status-icon&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;/&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;solution-span&#34;&gt; &lt;span id=&#34;solution_57b4adf25e2940ea83a1c4c68fdfc5d2_solution_1&#34;/&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;action&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;hidden&#34; name=&#34;problem_id&#34; value=&#34;Problem 1.1B&#34; /&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;submit-attempt-container&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;submit btn-brand&#34; data-submitting=&#34;Submitting&#34; data-value=&#34;Submit&#34; data-should-enable-submit-button=&#34;True&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;submission_feedback_57b4adf25e2940ea83a1c4c68fdfc5d2&#34; &gt; &lt;span class=&#34;submit-label&#34;&gt;Submit&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/button&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;submission-feedback&#34; id=&#34;submission_feedback_57b4adf25e2940ea83a1c4c68fdfc5d2&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;sr&#34;&gt;Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;problem-action-buttons-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification warning notification-gentle-alert is-hidden&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;icon fa fa-exclamation-circle&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;notification-message&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;57b4adf25e2940ea83a1c4c68fdfc5d2-problem-title&#34;&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification-btn-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr&#34;&gt;Review&lt;/button&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification warning notification-save is-hidden&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;icon fa fa-save&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;notification-message&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;57b4adf25e2940ea83a1c4c68fdfc5d2-problem-title&#34;&gt;None &lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification-btn-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr&#34;&gt;Review&lt;/button&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification general notification-show-answer is-hidden&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;icon fa fa-info-circle&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;notification-message&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;57b4adf25e2940ea83a1c4c68fdfc5d2-problem-title&#34;&gt;Answers are displayed within the problem &lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification-btn-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr&#34;&gt;Review&lt;/button&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; " data-graded="True"> <p class="loading-spinner"> <i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-2x fa-fw"></i> <span class="sr">Loading&hellip;</span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-3" data-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-has-score="True" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-graded="True" data-request-token="2be89f18e9a411efbd7512d4917dea95" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="problem" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "Problem"} </script> <div id="problem_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a" class="problems-wrapper" role="group" aria-labelledby="8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a-problem-title" data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a/handler/xmodule_handler" data-problem-score="0" data-problem-total-possible="2" data-attempts-used="0" data-content=" &lt;h3 class=&#34;hd hd-3 problem-header&#34; id=&#34;8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a-problem-title&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a-problem-progress&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; Problem 1.1C &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;problem-progress&#34; id=&#34;block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a-problem-progress&#34;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;problem&#34;&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;p&gt;1) Identify the point defects which comprise a Schottky defect in the crystal shown above:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;wrapper-problem-response&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34; aria-label=&#34;Question 1&#34; role=&#34;group&#34;&gt;&lt;div class=&#34;choicegroup capa_inputtype&#34; id=&#34;inputtype_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_2_1&#34;&gt; &lt;fieldset aria-describedby=&#34;status_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_2_1&#34;&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;checkbox&#34; name=&#34;input_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_2_1[]&#34; id=&#34;input_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_2_1_choice_0&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-checkbox&#34; value=&#34;choice_0&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_2_1-choice_0-label&#34; for=&#34;input_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_2_1_choice_0&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_2_1&#34;&gt; Defect A &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;checkbox&#34; name=&#34;input_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_2_1[]&#34; id=&#34;input_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_2_1_choice_1&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-checkbox&#34; value=&#34;choice_1&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_2_1-choice_1-label&#34; for=&#34;input_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_2_1_choice_1&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_2_1&#34;&gt; Defect B &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;checkbox&#34; name=&#34;input_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_2_1[]&#34; id=&#34;input_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_2_1_choice_2&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-checkbox&#34; value=&#34;choice_2&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_2_1-choice_2-label&#34; for=&#34;input_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_2_1_choice_2&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_2_1&#34;&gt; Defect C &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;checkbox&#34; name=&#34;input_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_2_1[]&#34; id=&#34;input_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_2_1_choice_3&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-checkbox&#34; value=&#34;choice_3&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_2_1-choice_3-label&#34; for=&#34;input_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_2_1_choice_3&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_2_1&#34;&gt; Defect D &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;checkbox&#34; name=&#34;input_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_2_1[]&#34; id=&#34;input_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_2_1_choice_4&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-checkbox&#34; value=&#34;choice_4&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_2_1-choice_4-label&#34; for=&#34;input_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_2_1_choice_4&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_2_1&#34;&gt; Defect E &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;checkbox&#34; name=&#34;input_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_2_1[]&#34; id=&#34;input_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_2_1_choice_5&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-checkbox&#34; value=&#34;choice_5&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_2_1-choice_5-label&#34; for=&#34;input_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_2_1_choice_5&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_2_1&#34;&gt; There is no Schottky defect &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;span id=&#34;answer_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_2_1&#34;/&gt; &lt;/fieldset&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;indicator-container&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;status unanswered&#34; id=&#34;status_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_2_1&#34; data-tooltip=&#34;Not yet answered.&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;sr&#34;&gt;unanswered&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;status-icon&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;/&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;p&gt;2) Identify the point defects which comprise a Frenkel defect in the crystal shown above:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;wrapper-problem-response&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34; aria-label=&#34;Question 2&#34; role=&#34;group&#34;&gt;&lt;div class=&#34;choicegroup capa_inputtype&#34; id=&#34;inputtype_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_3_1&#34;&gt; &lt;fieldset aria-describedby=&#34;status_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_3_1&#34;&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;checkbox&#34; name=&#34;input_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_3_1[]&#34; id=&#34;input_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_3_1_choice_0&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-checkbox&#34; value=&#34;choice_0&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_3_1-choice_0-label&#34; for=&#34;input_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_3_1_choice_0&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_3_1&#34;&gt; Defect A &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;checkbox&#34; name=&#34;input_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_3_1[]&#34; id=&#34;input_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_3_1_choice_1&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-checkbox&#34; value=&#34;choice_1&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_3_1-choice_1-label&#34; for=&#34;input_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_3_1_choice_1&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_3_1&#34;&gt; Defect B &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;checkbox&#34; name=&#34;input_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_3_1[]&#34; id=&#34;input_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_3_1_choice_2&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-checkbox&#34; value=&#34;choice_2&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_3_1-choice_2-label&#34; for=&#34;input_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_3_1_choice_2&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_3_1&#34;&gt; Defect C &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;checkbox&#34; name=&#34;input_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_3_1[]&#34; id=&#34;input_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_3_1_choice_3&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-checkbox&#34; value=&#34;choice_3&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_3_1-choice_3-label&#34; for=&#34;input_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_3_1_choice_3&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_3_1&#34;&gt; Defect D &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;checkbox&#34; name=&#34;input_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_3_1[]&#34; id=&#34;input_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_3_1_choice_4&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-checkbox&#34; value=&#34;choice_4&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_3_1-choice_4-label&#34; for=&#34;input_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_3_1_choice_4&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_3_1&#34;&gt; Defect E &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;checkbox&#34; name=&#34;input_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_3_1[]&#34; id=&#34;input_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_3_1_choice_5&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-checkbox&#34; value=&#34;choice_5&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_3_1-choice_5-label&#34; for=&#34;input_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_3_1_choice_5&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_3_1&#34;&gt; There is no Frenkel defect &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;span id=&#34;answer_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_3_1&#34;/&gt; &lt;/fieldset&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;indicator-container&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;status unanswered&#34; id=&#34;status_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_3_1&#34; data-tooltip=&#34;Not yet answered.&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;sr&#34;&gt;unanswered&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;status-icon&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;/&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;solution-span&#34;&gt; &lt;span id=&#34;solution_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a_solution_1&#34;/&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;action&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;hidden&#34; name=&#34;problem_id&#34; value=&#34;Problem 1.1C&#34; /&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;submit-attempt-container&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;submit btn-brand&#34; data-submitting=&#34;Submitting&#34; data-value=&#34;Submit&#34; data-should-enable-submit-button=&#34;True&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;submission_feedback_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a&#34; &gt; &lt;span class=&#34;submit-label&#34;&gt;Submit&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/button&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;submission-feedback&#34; id=&#34;submission_feedback_8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;sr&#34;&gt;Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;problem-action-buttons-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification warning notification-gentle-alert is-hidden&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;icon fa fa-exclamation-circle&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;notification-message&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a-problem-title&#34;&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification-btn-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr&#34;&gt;Review&lt;/button&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification warning notification-save is-hidden&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;icon fa fa-save&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;notification-message&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a-problem-title&#34;&gt;None &lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification-btn-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr&#34;&gt;Review&lt;/button&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification general notification-show-answer is-hidden&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;icon fa fa-info-circle&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;notification-message&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;8a4d09c97c3841fea5b78ccbd0e3fc6a-problem-title&#34;&gt;Answers are displayed within the problem &lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification-btn-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr&#34;&gt;Review&lt;/button&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; " data-graded="True"> <p class="loading-spinner"> <i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-2x fa-fw"></i> <span class="sr">Loading&hellip;</span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-4" data-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@342a18ad75aa40348d77c4e955aae522"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-has-score="True" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-graded="True" data-request-token="2be89f18e9a411efbd7512d4917dea95" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="problem" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@342a18ad75aa40348d77c4e955aae522"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "Problem"} </script> <div id="problem_342a18ad75aa40348d77c4e955aae522" class="problems-wrapper" role="group" aria-labelledby="342a18ad75aa40348d77c4e955aae522-problem-title" data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@342a18ad75aa40348d77c4e955aae522" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@342a18ad75aa40348d77c4e955aae522/handler/xmodule_handler" data-problem-score="0" data-problem-total-possible="1" data-attempts-used="0" data-content=" &lt;h3 class=&#34;hd hd-3 problem-header&#34; id=&#34;342a18ad75aa40348d77c4e955aae522-problem-title&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@342a18ad75aa40348d77c4e955aae522-problem-progress&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; Problem 1.1D &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;problem-progress&#34; id=&#34;block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@342a18ad75aa40348d77c4e955aae522-problem-progress&#34;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;problem&#34;&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;wrapper-problem-response&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34; aria-label=&#34;Question 1&#34; role=&#34;group&#34;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Does the crystal exhibit charge neutrality?&lt;/p&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;choicegroup capa_inputtype&#34; id=&#34;inputtype_342a18ad75aa40348d77c4e955aae522_2_1&#34;&gt; &lt;fieldset aria-describedby=&#34;status_342a18ad75aa40348d77c4e955aae522_2_1&#34;&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_342a18ad75aa40348d77c4e955aae522_2_1&#34; id=&#34;input_342a18ad75aa40348d77c4e955aae522_2_1_choice_0&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_0&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;342a18ad75aa40348d77c4e955aae522_2_1-choice_0-label&#34; for=&#34;input_342a18ad75aa40348d77c4e955aae522_2_1_choice_0&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_342a18ad75aa40348d77c4e955aae522_2_1&#34;&gt; Yes &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_342a18ad75aa40348d77c4e955aae522_2_1&#34; id=&#34;input_342a18ad75aa40348d77c4e955aae522_2_1_choice_1&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_1&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;342a18ad75aa40348d77c4e955aae522_2_1-choice_1-label&#34; for=&#34;input_342a18ad75aa40348d77c4e955aae522_2_1_choice_1&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_342a18ad75aa40348d77c4e955aae522_2_1&#34;&gt; No &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;span id=&#34;answer_342a18ad75aa40348d77c4e955aae522_2_1&#34;/&gt; &lt;/fieldset&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;indicator-container&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;status unanswered&#34; id=&#34;status_342a18ad75aa40348d77c4e955aae522_2_1&#34; data-tooltip=&#34;Not yet answered.&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;sr&#34;&gt;unanswered&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;status-icon&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;/&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;solution-span&#34;&gt; &lt;span id=&#34;solution_342a18ad75aa40348d77c4e955aae522_solution_1&#34;/&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;action&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;hidden&#34; name=&#34;problem_id&#34; value=&#34;Problem 1.1D&#34; /&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;submit-attempt-container&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;submit btn-brand&#34; data-submitting=&#34;Submitting&#34; data-value=&#34;Submit&#34; data-should-enable-submit-button=&#34;True&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;submission_feedback_342a18ad75aa40348d77c4e955aae522&#34; &gt; &lt;span class=&#34;submit-label&#34;&gt;Submit&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/button&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;submission-feedback&#34; id=&#34;submission_feedback_342a18ad75aa40348d77c4e955aae522&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;sr&#34;&gt;Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;problem-action-buttons-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification warning notification-gentle-alert is-hidden&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;icon fa fa-exclamation-circle&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;notification-message&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;342a18ad75aa40348d77c4e955aae522-problem-title&#34;&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification-btn-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr&#34;&gt;Review&lt;/button&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification warning notification-save is-hidden&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;icon fa fa-save&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;notification-message&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;342a18ad75aa40348d77c4e955aae522-problem-title&#34;&gt;None &lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification-btn-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr&#34;&gt;Review&lt;/button&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification general notification-show-answer is-hidden&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;icon fa fa-info-circle&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;notification-message&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;342a18ad75aa40348d77c4e955aae522-problem-title&#34;&gt;Answers are displayed within the problem &lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification-btn-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr&#34;&gt;Review&lt;/button&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; " data-graded="True"> <p class="loading-spinner"> <i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-2x fa-fw"></i> <span class="sr">Loading&hellip;</span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-5" data-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@html+block@7f1f7c004e494350923f80f28eae84db"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-graded="True" data-request-token="2be89f18e9a411efbd7512d4917dea95" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@html+block@7f1f7c004e494350923f80f28eae84db"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <p>This course feature is unavailable. 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<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-graded="True" data-request-token="2be89f18e9a411efbd7512d4917dea95" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="vertical" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@vertical+block@d0a2692fec684e5c97a919284c618e9f"> <h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Problem 1.2</h2> <div class="vert-mod"> <div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@html+block@37d976f3a01e4f1cbb1fa387608b0833"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-graded="True" data-request-token="2be89f18e9a411efbd7512d4917dea95" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@html+block@37d976f3a01e4f1cbb1fa387608b0833"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <h3>Problem 1.2</h3> <p>Consider the incorporation of magnesia, \(MgO\), into alumina, \(Al_2O_3\), to form a solid solution. &nbsp;Construct two defect incorporation reactions using Kr&ouml;ger-Vink notation, one assuming that the \(Mg^{2+}\) cations substitute for \(Al^{3+}\) and the second assuming the formation of some cation interstitials. &nbsp;Ensure that your reactions have charge, mass, and site balance. &nbsp;</p> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@4a29147042304eac84ee333ed155f772"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-has-score="True" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-graded="True" data-request-token="2be89f18e9a411efbd7512d4917dea95" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="problem" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@4a29147042304eac84ee333ed155f772"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "Problem"} </script> <div id="problem_4a29147042304eac84ee333ed155f772" class="problems-wrapper" role="group" aria-labelledby="4a29147042304eac84ee333ed155f772-problem-title" data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@4a29147042304eac84ee333ed155f772" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@4a29147042304eac84ee333ed155f772/handler/xmodule_handler" data-problem-score="0" data-problem-total-possible="1" data-attempts-used="0" data-content=" &lt;h3 class=&#34;hd hd-3 problem-header&#34; id=&#34;4a29147042304eac84ee333ed155f772-problem-title&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@4a29147042304eac84ee333ed155f772-problem-progress&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; Problem 1.2C &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;problem-progress&#34; id=&#34;block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@4a29147042304eac84ee333ed155f772-problem-progress&#34;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;problem&#34;&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;wrapper-problem-response&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34; aria-label=&#34;Question 1&#34; role=&#34;group&#34;&gt;&lt;p&gt;You can use density measurements to determine which of the two reactions shown above actually occurs.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;You observe that the density of your material increases after the incorporation of magnesia into alumina. Which defect reaction is taking place?&lt;/p&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;choicegroup capa_inputtype&#34; id=&#34;inputtype_4a29147042304eac84ee333ed155f772_2_1&#34;&gt; &lt;fieldset aria-describedby=&#34;status_4a29147042304eac84ee333ed155f772_2_1&#34;&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_4a29147042304eac84ee333ed155f772_2_1&#34; id=&#34;input_4a29147042304eac84ee333ed155f772_2_1_choice_0&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_0&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;4a29147042304eac84ee333ed155f772_2_1-choice_0-label&#34; for=&#34;input_4a29147042304eac84ee333ed155f772_2_1_choice_0&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_4a29147042304eac84ee333ed155f772_2_1&#34;&gt; Defect reaction #1: \(Mg^{2+}\) cations substitute for \(Al^{3+}\) &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_4a29147042304eac84ee333ed155f772_2_1&#34; id=&#34;input_4a29147042304eac84ee333ed155f772_2_1_choice_1&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_1&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;4a29147042304eac84ee333ed155f772_2_1-choice_1-label&#34; for=&#34;input_4a29147042304eac84ee333ed155f772_2_1_choice_1&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_4a29147042304eac84ee333ed155f772_2_1&#34;&gt; Defect reaction #2: Formation of cation interstitials &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;span id=&#34;answer_4a29147042304eac84ee333ed155f772_2_1&#34;/&gt; &lt;/fieldset&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;indicator-container&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;status unanswered&#34; id=&#34;status_4a29147042304eac84ee333ed155f772_2_1&#34; data-tooltip=&#34;Not yet answered.&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;sr&#34;&gt;unanswered&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;status-icon&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;/&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;solution-span&#34;&gt; &lt;span id=&#34;solution_4a29147042304eac84ee333ed155f772_solution_1&#34;/&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;action&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;hidden&#34; name=&#34;problem_id&#34; value=&#34;Problem 1.2C&#34; /&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;submit-attempt-container&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;submit btn-brand&#34; data-submitting=&#34;Submitting&#34; data-value=&#34;Submit&#34; data-should-enable-submit-button=&#34;True&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;submission_feedback_4a29147042304eac84ee333ed155f772&#34; &gt; &lt;span class=&#34;submit-label&#34;&gt;Submit&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/button&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;submission-feedback&#34; id=&#34;submission_feedback_4a29147042304eac84ee333ed155f772&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;sr&#34;&gt;Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;problem-action-buttons-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification warning notification-gentle-alert is-hidden&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;icon fa fa-exclamation-circle&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;notification-message&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;4a29147042304eac84ee333ed155f772-problem-title&#34;&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification-btn-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr&#34;&gt;Review&lt;/button&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification warning notification-save is-hidden&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;icon fa fa-save&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;notification-message&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;4a29147042304eac84ee333ed155f772-problem-title&#34;&gt;None &lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification-btn-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr&#34;&gt;Review&lt;/button&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification general notification-show-answer is-hidden&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;icon fa fa-info-circle&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;notification-message&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;4a29147042304eac84ee333ed155f772-problem-title&#34;&gt;Answers are displayed within the problem &lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification-btn-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr&#34;&gt;Review&lt;/button&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; " data-graded="True"> <p class="loading-spinner"> <i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-2x fa-fw"></i> <span class="sr">Loading&hellip;</span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-2" data-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@93c6dd7d0cab42919577d96c554d2e78"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-has-score="True" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-graded="True" data-request-token="2be89f18e9a411efbd7512d4917dea95" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="problem" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@93c6dd7d0cab42919577d96c554d2e78"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "Problem"} </script> <div id="problem_93c6dd7d0cab42919577d96c554d2e78" class="problems-wrapper" role="group" aria-labelledby="93c6dd7d0cab42919577d96c554d2e78-problem-title" data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@93c6dd7d0cab42919577d96c554d2e78" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@93c6dd7d0cab42919577d96c554d2e78/handler/xmodule_handler" data-problem-score="0.0" data-problem-total-possible="2.0" data-attempts-used="0" data-content=" &lt;h3 class=&#34;hd hd-3 problem-header&#34; id=&#34;93c6dd7d0cab42919577d96c554d2e78-problem-title&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@93c6dd7d0cab42919577d96c554d2e78-problem-progress&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; Problem 1.2D &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;problem-progress&#34; id=&#34;block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@93c6dd7d0cab42919577d96c554d2e78-problem-progress&#34;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;problem&#34;&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;wrapper-problem-response&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34; aria-label=&#34;Question 1&#34; role=&#34;group&#34;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Calculate the activation energy \(Q_v\) for vacancy formation in \(Al\), given that the equilibrium number of vacancies at \(500^{\circ}C\) is \(7.57 \times 10^{23} m^{-3}\). The atomic weight and density (at \(500^{\circ}C\)) for \(Al\) are respectively, \(26.98 \;g/mol\) and \(2.62 \; g/cm^3\). &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;\(Q_v\) (in \(eV/atom\)):&lt;/p&gt; &lt;div id=&#34;formulaequationinput_93c6dd7d0cab42919577d96c554d2e78_2_1&#34; class=&#34;inputtype formulaequationinput&#34;&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;unanswered&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;text&#34; name=&#34;input_93c6dd7d0cab42919577d96c554d2e78_2_1&#34; id=&#34;input_93c6dd7d0cab42919577d96c554d2e78_2_1&#34; data-input-id=&#34;93c6dd7d0cab42919577d96c554d2e78_2_1&#34; value=&#34;&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_93c6dd7d0cab42919577d96c554d2e78_2_1&#34; size=&#34;20&#34;/&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;trailing_text&#34; id=&#34;trailing_text_93c6dd7d0cab42919577d96c554d2e78_2_1&#34;/&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;status unanswered&#34; id=&#34;status_93c6dd7d0cab42919577d96c554d2e78_2_1&#34; data-tooltip=&#34;Not yet answered.&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;sr&#34;&gt;unanswered&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;status-icon&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;/&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;p id=&#34;answer_93c6dd7d0cab42919577d96c554d2e78_2_1&#34; class=&#34;answer&#34;/&gt; &lt;div id=&#34;input_93c6dd7d0cab42919577d96c554d2e78_2_1_preview&#34; class=&#34;equation&#34;&gt; \(\) &lt;img src=&#34;/static/images/spinner.bc34f953403f.gif&#34; class=&#34;loading&#34; alt=&#34;Loading&#34;/&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;script_placeholder&#34; data-src=&#34;/static/js/capa/src/formula_equation_preview.b1967ab28c31.js&#34;/&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;solution-span&#34;&gt; &lt;span id=&#34;solution_93c6dd7d0cab42919577d96c554d2e78_solution_1&#34;/&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;action&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;hidden&#34; name=&#34;problem_id&#34; value=&#34;Problem 1.2D&#34; /&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;submit-attempt-container&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;submit btn-brand&#34; data-submitting=&#34;Submitting&#34; data-value=&#34;Submit&#34; data-should-enable-submit-button=&#34;True&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;submission_feedback_93c6dd7d0cab42919577d96c554d2e78&#34; &gt; &lt;span class=&#34;submit-label&#34;&gt;Submit&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/button&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;submission-feedback&#34; id=&#34;submission_feedback_93c6dd7d0cab42919577d96c554d2e78&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;sr&#34;&gt;Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;problem-action-buttons-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification warning notification-gentle-alert is-hidden&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;icon fa fa-exclamation-circle&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;notification-message&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;93c6dd7d0cab42919577d96c554d2e78-problem-title&#34;&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification-btn-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr&#34;&gt;Review&lt;/button&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification warning notification-save is-hidden&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;icon fa fa-save&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;notification-message&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;93c6dd7d0cab42919577d96c554d2e78-problem-title&#34;&gt;None &lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification-btn-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr&#34;&gt;Review&lt;/button&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification general notification-show-answer is-hidden&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;icon fa fa-info-circle&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;notification-message&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;93c6dd7d0cab42919577d96c554d2e78-problem-title&#34;&gt;Answers are displayed within the problem &lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification-btn-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr&#34;&gt;Review&lt;/button&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; " data-graded="True"> <p class="loading-spinner"> <i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-2x fa-fw"></i> <span class="sr">Loading&hellip;</span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-3" data-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@html+block@d4712607bdf3494c8b0eb95ca5f9fb45"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-graded="True" data-request-token="2be89f18e9a411efbd7512d4917dea95" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@html+block@d4712607bdf3494c8b0eb95ca5f9fb45"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <p>This course feature is unavailable. 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<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-graded="True" data-request-token="2be89f18e9a411efbd7512d4917dea95" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="vertical" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@vertical+block@20892e971da042b09550c2a08b571f00"> <h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Problem 1.3</h2> <div class="vert-mod"> <div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-has-score="True" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-graded="True" data-request-token="2be89f18e9a411efbd7512d4917dea95" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="problem" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "Problem"} </script> <div id="problem_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2" class="problems-wrapper" role="group" aria-labelledby="e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2-problem-title" data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2/handler/xmodule_handler" data-problem-score="0" data-problem-total-possible="6" data-attempts-used="0" data-content=" &lt;h3 class=&#34;hd hd-3 problem-header&#34; id=&#34;e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2-problem-title&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2-problem-progress&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; Problem 1.3A &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;problem-progress&#34; id=&#34;block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2-problem-progress&#34;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;problem&#34;&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;p&gt;We have learned that point defects are not static. At finite temperatures, given some gradient in concentration, point defects will migrate. This migration is called diffusion. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Two potential mechanisms for diffusion are vacancy diffusion and interstitial diffusion. Indicate whether the following statement apply to vacancy diffusion, interstitial diffusion, or both:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;1) Self-diffusion proceeds via this mechanism:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;wrapper-problem-response&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34; aria-label=&#34;Question 1&#34; role=&#34;group&#34;&gt;&lt;div class=&#34;choicegroup capa_inputtype&#34; id=&#34;inputtype_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_2_1&#34;&gt; &lt;fieldset aria-describedby=&#34;status_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_2_1&#34;&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_2_1&#34; id=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_2_1_choice_0&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_0&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_2_1-choice_0-label&#34; for=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_2_1_choice_0&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_2_1&#34;&gt; Vacancy diffusion &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_2_1&#34; id=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_2_1_choice_1&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_1&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_2_1-choice_1-label&#34; for=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_2_1_choice_1&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_2_1&#34;&gt; Interstitial diffusion &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_2_1&#34; id=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_2_1_choice_2&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_2&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_2_1-choice_2-label&#34; for=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_2_1_choice_2&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_2_1&#34;&gt; Both vacancy and interstitial diffusion &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;span id=&#34;answer_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_2_1&#34;/&gt; &lt;/fieldset&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;indicator-container&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;status unanswered&#34; id=&#34;status_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_2_1&#34; data-tooltip=&#34;Not yet answered.&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;sr&#34;&gt;unanswered&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;status-icon&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;/&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;p&gt;2) Atomic motion is from one lattice site to an adjacent vacancy&lt;/p&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;wrapper-problem-response&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34; aria-label=&#34;Question 2&#34; role=&#34;group&#34;&gt;&lt;div class=&#34;choicegroup capa_inputtype&#34; id=&#34;inputtype_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_3_1&#34;&gt; &lt;fieldset aria-describedby=&#34;status_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_3_1&#34;&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_3_1&#34; id=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_3_1_choice_0&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_0&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_3_1-choice_0-label&#34; for=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_3_1_choice_0&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_3_1&#34;&gt; Vacancy diffusion &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_3_1&#34; id=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_3_1_choice_1&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_1&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_3_1-choice_1-label&#34; for=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_3_1_choice_1&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_3_1&#34;&gt; Interstitial diffusion &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_3_1&#34; id=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_3_1_choice_2&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_2&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_3_1-choice_2-label&#34; for=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_3_1_choice_2&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_3_1&#34;&gt; Both vacancy and interstitial diffusion &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;span id=&#34;answer_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_3_1&#34;/&gt; &lt;/fieldset&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;indicator-container&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;status unanswered&#34; id=&#34;status_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_3_1&#34; data-tooltip=&#34;Not yet answered.&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;sr&#34;&gt;unanswered&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;status-icon&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;/&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;p&gt;3) The driving force at steady state is the concentration gradient \(\frac{dC}{dx}\):&lt;/p&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;wrapper-problem-response&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34; aria-label=&#34;Question 3&#34; role=&#34;group&#34;&gt;&lt;div class=&#34;choicegroup capa_inputtype&#34; id=&#34;inputtype_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_4_1&#34;&gt; &lt;fieldset aria-describedby=&#34;status_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_4_1&#34;&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_4_1&#34; id=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_4_1_choice_0&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_0&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_4_1-choice_0-label&#34; for=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_4_1_choice_0&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_4_1&#34;&gt; Vacancy diffusion &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_4_1&#34; id=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_4_1_choice_1&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_1&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_4_1-choice_1-label&#34; for=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_4_1_choice_1&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_4_1&#34;&gt; Interstitial diffusion &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_4_1&#34; id=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_4_1_choice_2&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_2&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_4_1-choice_2-label&#34; for=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_4_1_choice_2&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_4_1&#34;&gt; Both vacancy and interstitial diffusion &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;span id=&#34;answer_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_4_1&#34;/&gt; &lt;/fieldset&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;indicator-container&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;status unanswered&#34; id=&#34;status_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_4_1&#34; data-tooltip=&#34;Not yet answered.&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;sr&#34;&gt;unanswered&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;status-icon&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;/&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;p&gt;4) Diffusion of substitutional impurities proceeds by this mechanism:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;wrapper-problem-response&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34; aria-label=&#34;Question 4&#34; role=&#34;group&#34;&gt;&lt;div class=&#34;choicegroup capa_inputtype&#34; id=&#34;inputtype_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_5_1&#34;&gt; &lt;fieldset aria-describedby=&#34;status_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_5_1&#34;&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_5_1&#34; id=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_5_1_choice_0&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_0&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_5_1-choice_0-label&#34; for=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_5_1_choice_0&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_5_1&#34;&gt; Vacancy diffusion &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_5_1&#34; id=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_5_1_choice_1&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_1&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_5_1-choice_1-label&#34; for=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_5_1_choice_1&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_5_1&#34;&gt; Interstitial diffusion &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_5_1&#34; id=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_5_1_choice_2&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_2&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_5_1-choice_2-label&#34; for=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_5_1_choice_2&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_5_1&#34;&gt; Both vacancy and interstitial diffusion &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;span id=&#34;answer_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_5_1&#34;/&gt; &lt;/fieldset&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;indicator-container&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;status unanswered&#34; id=&#34;status_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_5_1&#34; data-tooltip=&#34;Not yet answered.&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;sr&#34;&gt;unanswered&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;status-icon&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;/&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;p&gt;5) Normally the more rapid type of diffusion:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;wrapper-problem-response&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34; aria-label=&#34;Question 5&#34; role=&#34;group&#34;&gt;&lt;div class=&#34;choicegroup capa_inputtype&#34; id=&#34;inputtype_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_6_1&#34;&gt; &lt;fieldset aria-describedby=&#34;status_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_6_1&#34;&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_6_1&#34; id=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_6_1_choice_0&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_0&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_6_1-choice_0-label&#34; for=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_6_1_choice_0&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_6_1&#34;&gt; Vacancy diffusion &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_6_1&#34; id=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_6_1_choice_1&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_1&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_6_1-choice_1-label&#34; for=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_6_1_choice_1&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_6_1&#34;&gt; Interstitial diffusion &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;span id=&#34;answer_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_6_1&#34;/&gt; &lt;/fieldset&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;indicator-container&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;status unanswered&#34; id=&#34;status_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_6_1&#34; data-tooltip=&#34;Not yet answered.&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;sr&#34;&gt;unanswered&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;status-icon&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;/&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;p&gt;6) Atomic motion is from interstitial site to adjacent interstitial site:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;wrapper-problem-response&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34; aria-label=&#34;Question 6&#34; role=&#34;group&#34;&gt;&lt;div class=&#34;choicegroup capa_inputtype&#34; id=&#34;inputtype_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_7_1&#34;&gt; &lt;fieldset aria-describedby=&#34;status_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_7_1&#34;&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_7_1&#34; id=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_7_1_choice_0&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_0&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_7_1-choice_0-label&#34; for=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_7_1_choice_0&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_7_1&#34;&gt; Vacancy diffusion &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_7_1&#34; id=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_7_1_choice_1&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_1&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_7_1-choice_1-label&#34; for=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_7_1_choice_1&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_7_1&#34;&gt; Interstitial diffusion &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_7_1&#34; id=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_7_1_choice_2&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_2&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_7_1-choice_2-label&#34; for=&#34;input_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_7_1_choice_2&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_7_1&#34;&gt; Both vacancy and interstitial diffusion &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;span id=&#34;answer_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_7_1&#34;/&gt; &lt;/fieldset&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;indicator-container&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;status unanswered&#34; id=&#34;status_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_7_1&#34; data-tooltip=&#34;Not yet answered.&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;sr&#34;&gt;unanswered&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;status-icon&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;/&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;solution-span&#34;&gt; &lt;span id=&#34;solution_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2_solution_1&#34;/&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;action&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;hidden&#34; name=&#34;problem_id&#34; value=&#34;Problem 1.3A&#34; /&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;submit-attempt-container&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;submit btn-brand&#34; data-submitting=&#34;Submitting&#34; data-value=&#34;Submit&#34; data-should-enable-submit-button=&#34;True&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;submission_feedback_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2&#34; &gt; &lt;span class=&#34;submit-label&#34;&gt;Submit&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/button&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;submission-feedback&#34; id=&#34;submission_feedback_e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;sr&#34;&gt;Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;problem-action-buttons-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification warning notification-gentle-alert is-hidden&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;icon fa fa-exclamation-circle&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;notification-message&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2-problem-title&#34;&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification-btn-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr&#34;&gt;Review&lt;/button&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification warning notification-save is-hidden&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;icon fa fa-save&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;notification-message&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2-problem-title&#34;&gt;None &lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification-btn-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr&#34;&gt;Review&lt;/button&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification general notification-show-answer is-hidden&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;icon fa fa-info-circle&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;notification-message&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;e46f01612c5c492f8b05e38ba4cae1f2-problem-title&#34;&gt;Answers are displayed within the problem &lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification-btn-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr&#34;&gt;Review&lt;/button&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; " data-graded="True"> <p class="loading-spinner"> <i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-2x fa-fw"></i> <span class="sr">Loading&hellip;</span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@13bf538ec5f641eca51d5696a70cfb87"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-has-score="True" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-graded="True" data-request-token="2be89f18e9a411efbd7512d4917dea95" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="problem" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@13bf538ec5f641eca51d5696a70cfb87"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "Problem"} </script> <div id="problem_13bf538ec5f641eca51d5696a70cfb87" class="problems-wrapper" role="group" aria-labelledby="13bf538ec5f641eca51d5696a70cfb87-problem-title" data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@13bf538ec5f641eca51d5696a70cfb87" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@13bf538ec5f641eca51d5696a70cfb87/handler/xmodule_handler" data-problem-score="0.0" data-problem-total-possible="2.0" data-attempts-used="0" data-content=" &lt;h3 class=&#34;hd hd-3 problem-header&#34; id=&#34;13bf538ec5f641eca51d5696a70cfb87-problem-title&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@13bf538ec5f641eca51d5696a70cfb87-problem-progress&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; Problem 1.3B &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;problem-progress&#34; id=&#34;block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@13bf538ec5f641eca51d5696a70cfb87-problem-progress&#34;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;problem&#34;&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;wrapper-problem-response&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34; aria-label=&#34;Question 1&#34; role=&#34;group&#34;&gt;&lt;p&gt;You decide you&#39;d like to see diffusion in action. You set up a sheet of steel \(1.5 \; mm\) thick with nitrogen atmospheres on both sides at \(1200 ^{\circ}C\) and permit it to achieve a steady-state diffusion condition. The diffusion coefficient for nitrogen in steel at this temperature is \( 6 \times 10^{-11} m^2/s\), and the diffusion flux is found to be \(1.2 \times 10^{-7} kg/m^2 \cdot s\). Also, it is known that the concentration of nitrogen in the steel at the high-pressure surface is \(4 \; kg/m^3\). How far into the sheet from this high-pressure side will the concentration be \(2.0 \; kg/m^3\)? Assume a linear concentration profile. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;\(x_B\) (in \(mm\)):&lt;/p&gt; &lt;div id=&#34;formulaequationinput_13bf538ec5f641eca51d5696a70cfb87_2_1&#34; class=&#34;inputtype formulaequationinput&#34;&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;unanswered&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;text&#34; name=&#34;input_13bf538ec5f641eca51d5696a70cfb87_2_1&#34; id=&#34;input_13bf538ec5f641eca51d5696a70cfb87_2_1&#34; data-input-id=&#34;13bf538ec5f641eca51d5696a70cfb87_2_1&#34; value=&#34;&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_13bf538ec5f641eca51d5696a70cfb87_2_1&#34; size=&#34;20&#34;/&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;trailing_text&#34; id=&#34;trailing_text_13bf538ec5f641eca51d5696a70cfb87_2_1&#34;/&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;status unanswered&#34; id=&#34;status_13bf538ec5f641eca51d5696a70cfb87_2_1&#34; data-tooltip=&#34;Not yet answered.&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;sr&#34;&gt;unanswered&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;status-icon&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;/&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;p id=&#34;answer_13bf538ec5f641eca51d5696a70cfb87_2_1&#34; class=&#34;answer&#34;/&gt; &lt;div id=&#34;input_13bf538ec5f641eca51d5696a70cfb87_2_1_preview&#34; class=&#34;equation&#34;&gt; \(\) &lt;img src=&#34;/static/images/spinner.bc34f953403f.gif&#34; class=&#34;loading&#34; alt=&#34;Loading&#34;/&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;script_placeholder&#34; data-src=&#34;/static/js/capa/src/formula_equation_preview.b1967ab28c31.js&#34;/&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;solution-span&#34;&gt; &lt;span id=&#34;solution_13bf538ec5f641eca51d5696a70cfb87_solution_1&#34;/&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;action&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;hidden&#34; name=&#34;problem_id&#34; value=&#34;Problem 1.3B&#34; /&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;submit-attempt-container&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;submit btn-brand&#34; data-submitting=&#34;Submitting&#34; data-value=&#34;Submit&#34; data-should-enable-submit-button=&#34;True&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;submission_feedback_13bf538ec5f641eca51d5696a70cfb87&#34; &gt; &lt;span class=&#34;submit-label&#34;&gt;Submit&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/button&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;submission-feedback&#34; id=&#34;submission_feedback_13bf538ec5f641eca51d5696a70cfb87&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;sr&#34;&gt;Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;problem-action-buttons-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification warning notification-gentle-alert is-hidden&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;icon fa fa-exclamation-circle&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;notification-message&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;13bf538ec5f641eca51d5696a70cfb87-problem-title&#34;&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification-btn-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr&#34;&gt;Review&lt;/button&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification warning notification-save is-hidden&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;icon fa fa-save&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;notification-message&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;13bf538ec5f641eca51d5696a70cfb87-problem-title&#34;&gt;None &lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification-btn-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr&#34;&gt;Review&lt;/button&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification general notification-show-answer is-hidden&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;icon fa fa-info-circle&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;notification-message&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;13bf538ec5f641eca51d5696a70cfb87-problem-title&#34;&gt;Answers are displayed within the problem &lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification-btn-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr&#34;&gt;Review&lt;/button&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; " data-graded="True"> <p class="loading-spinner"> <i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-2x fa-fw"></i> <span class="sr">Loading&hellip;</span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-2" data-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@7bff9b3b68e04ac5ae62ab2b7d953880"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-has-score="True" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-graded="True" data-request-token="2be89f18e9a411efbd7512d4917dea95" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="problem" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@7bff9b3b68e04ac5ae62ab2b7d953880"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "Problem"} </script> <div id="problem_7bff9b3b68e04ac5ae62ab2b7d953880" class="problems-wrapper" role="group" aria-labelledby="7bff9b3b68e04ac5ae62ab2b7d953880-problem-title" data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@7bff9b3b68e04ac5ae62ab2b7d953880" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@7bff9b3b68e04ac5ae62ab2b7d953880/handler/xmodule_handler" data-problem-score="0.0" data-problem-total-possible="2.0" data-attempts-used="0" data-content=" &lt;h3 class=&#34;hd hd-3 problem-header&#34; id=&#34;7bff9b3b68e04ac5ae62ab2b7d953880-problem-title&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@7bff9b3b68e04ac5ae62ab2b7d953880-problem-progress&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; Problem 1.3C &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;problem-progress&#34; id=&#34;block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@7bff9b3b68e04ac5ae62ab2b7d953880-problem-progress&#34;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;problem&#34;&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;wrapper-problem-response&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34; aria-label=&#34;Question 1&#34; role=&#34;group&#34;&gt;&lt;p&gt;You repeat your initial experiment described in Part B above, but now at \(1500 ^{\circ}C\). In this case, you find that at \(1.2 \;mm\) into the sheet the concentration is \(2.0 \; kg/m^3\) and the flux is now \(7\) times higher than what it was in Part B. Calculate the activiation energy for diffusion from these results. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;\(q\) (in \(eV/\)atom):&lt;/p&gt; &lt;div id=&#34;formulaequationinput_7bff9b3b68e04ac5ae62ab2b7d953880_2_1&#34; class=&#34;inputtype formulaequationinput&#34;&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;unanswered&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;text&#34; name=&#34;input_7bff9b3b68e04ac5ae62ab2b7d953880_2_1&#34; id=&#34;input_7bff9b3b68e04ac5ae62ab2b7d953880_2_1&#34; data-input-id=&#34;7bff9b3b68e04ac5ae62ab2b7d953880_2_1&#34; value=&#34;&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_7bff9b3b68e04ac5ae62ab2b7d953880_2_1&#34; size=&#34;20&#34;/&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;trailing_text&#34; id=&#34;trailing_text_7bff9b3b68e04ac5ae62ab2b7d953880_2_1&#34;/&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;status unanswered&#34; id=&#34;status_7bff9b3b68e04ac5ae62ab2b7d953880_2_1&#34; data-tooltip=&#34;Not yet answered.&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;sr&#34;&gt;unanswered&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;status-icon&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;/&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;p id=&#34;answer_7bff9b3b68e04ac5ae62ab2b7d953880_2_1&#34; class=&#34;answer&#34;/&gt; &lt;div id=&#34;input_7bff9b3b68e04ac5ae62ab2b7d953880_2_1_preview&#34; class=&#34;equation&#34;&gt; \(\) &lt;img src=&#34;/static/images/spinner.bc34f953403f.gif&#34; class=&#34;loading&#34; alt=&#34;Loading&#34;/&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;script_placeholder&#34; data-src=&#34;/static/js/capa/src/formula_equation_preview.b1967ab28c31.js&#34;/&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;solution-span&#34;&gt; &lt;span id=&#34;solution_7bff9b3b68e04ac5ae62ab2b7d953880_solution_1&#34;/&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;action&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;hidden&#34; name=&#34;problem_id&#34; value=&#34;Problem 1.3C&#34; /&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;submit-attempt-container&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;submit btn-brand&#34; data-submitting=&#34;Submitting&#34; data-value=&#34;Submit&#34; data-should-enable-submit-button=&#34;True&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;submission_feedback_7bff9b3b68e04ac5ae62ab2b7d953880&#34; &gt; &lt;span class=&#34;submit-label&#34;&gt;Submit&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/button&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;submission-feedback&#34; id=&#34;submission_feedback_7bff9b3b68e04ac5ae62ab2b7d953880&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;sr&#34;&gt;Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;problem-action-buttons-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification warning notification-gentle-alert is-hidden&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;icon fa fa-exclamation-circle&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;notification-message&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;7bff9b3b68e04ac5ae62ab2b7d953880-problem-title&#34;&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification-btn-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr&#34;&gt;Review&lt;/button&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification warning notification-save is-hidden&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;icon fa fa-save&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;notification-message&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;7bff9b3b68e04ac5ae62ab2b7d953880-problem-title&#34;&gt;None &lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification-btn-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr&#34;&gt;Review&lt;/button&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification general notification-show-answer is-hidden&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;icon fa fa-info-circle&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;notification-message&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;7bff9b3b68e04ac5ae62ab2b7d953880-problem-title&#34;&gt;Answers are displayed within the problem &lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification-btn-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr&#34;&gt;Review&lt;/button&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; " data-graded="True"> <p class="loading-spinner"> <i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-2x fa-fw"></i> <span class="sr">Loading&hellip;</span> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>

<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-graded="True" data-request-token="2be89f18e9a411efbd7512d4917dea95" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="vertical" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@vertical+block@2a2e5ba3f8c94d51abc59de5c8ba031f"> <h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Problem 1.4</h2> <div class="vert-mod"> <div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@713d0e5ccbfa450cbbde7202b1c71f37"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-has-score="True" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-graded="True" data-request-token="2be89f18e9a411efbd7512d4917dea95" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="problem" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@713d0e5ccbfa450cbbde7202b1c71f37"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "Problem"} </script> <div id="problem_713d0e5ccbfa450cbbde7202b1c71f37" class="problems-wrapper" role="group" aria-labelledby="713d0e5ccbfa450cbbde7202b1c71f37-problem-title" data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@713d0e5ccbfa450cbbde7202b1c71f37" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@713d0e5ccbfa450cbbde7202b1c71f37/handler/xmodule_handler" data-problem-score="0" data-problem-total-possible="1" data-attempts-used="0" data-content=" &lt;h3 class=&#34;hd hd-3 problem-header&#34; id=&#34;713d0e5ccbfa450cbbde7202b1c71f37-problem-title&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@713d0e5ccbfa450cbbde7202b1c71f37-problem-progress&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; Problem 1.4A &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;problem-progress&#34; id=&#34;block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@713d0e5ccbfa450cbbde7202b1c71f37-problem-progress&#34;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;problem&#34;&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;wrapper-problem-response&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34; aria-label=&#34;Question 1&#34; role=&#34;group&#34;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Decarburization is an important step in the production process of steel that reduces the carbon content to a desired level. If crude steel initially containing \(0.35\) wt% C is placed in an oxygen-rich environment that is virtually carbon-free at \(1400K\), the carbon will diffuse from the melt and react with the oxygen at the surface. The carbon concentration at the surface position is maintained essentially at \(0\) wt% C because of this reaction process at the surface. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;How far below the surface of the melt will the carbon concentration be 0.15 wt% after a 10-h treatment? The value of D at \(1400 K\) is \(6.9\times10^{-11}m^{2}/s\).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;div id=&#34;formulaequationinput_713d0e5ccbfa450cbbde7202b1c71f37_2_1&#34; class=&#34;inputtype formulaequationinput&#34;&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;unanswered&#34;&gt; &lt;label class=&#34;problem-group-label&#34; for=&#34;input_713d0e5ccbfa450cbbde7202b1c71f37_2_1&#34; id=&#34;label_713d0e5ccbfa450cbbde7202b1c71f37_2_1&#34;&gt;Distance (in mm):&lt;/label&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;text&#34; name=&#34;input_713d0e5ccbfa450cbbde7202b1c71f37_2_1&#34; id=&#34;input_713d0e5ccbfa450cbbde7202b1c71f37_2_1&#34; data-input-id=&#34;713d0e5ccbfa450cbbde7202b1c71f37_2_1&#34; value=&#34;&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_713d0e5ccbfa450cbbde7202b1c71f37_2_1&#34; size=&#34;20&#34;/&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;trailing_text&#34; id=&#34;trailing_text_713d0e5ccbfa450cbbde7202b1c71f37_2_1&#34;/&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;status unanswered&#34; id=&#34;status_713d0e5ccbfa450cbbde7202b1c71f37_2_1&#34; data-tooltip=&#34;Not yet answered.&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;sr&#34;&gt;unanswered&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;status-icon&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;/&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;p id=&#34;answer_713d0e5ccbfa450cbbde7202b1c71f37_2_1&#34; class=&#34;answer&#34;/&gt; &lt;div id=&#34;input_713d0e5ccbfa450cbbde7202b1c71f37_2_1_preview&#34; class=&#34;equation&#34;&gt; \(\) &lt;img src=&#34;/static/images/spinner.bc34f953403f.gif&#34; class=&#34;loading&#34; alt=&#34;Loading&#34;/&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;script_placeholder&#34; data-src=&#34;/static/js/capa/src/formula_equation_preview.b1967ab28c31.js&#34;/&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;solution-span&#34;&gt; &lt;span id=&#34;solution_713d0e5ccbfa450cbbde7202b1c71f37_solution_1&#34;/&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;action&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;hidden&#34; name=&#34;problem_id&#34; value=&#34;Problem 1.4A&#34; /&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;submit-attempt-container&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;submit btn-brand&#34; data-submitting=&#34;Submitting&#34; data-value=&#34;Submit&#34; data-should-enable-submit-button=&#34;True&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;submission_feedback_713d0e5ccbfa450cbbde7202b1c71f37&#34; &gt; &lt;span class=&#34;submit-label&#34;&gt;Submit&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/button&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;submission-feedback&#34; id=&#34;submission_feedback_713d0e5ccbfa450cbbde7202b1c71f37&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;sr&#34;&gt;Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;problem-action-buttons-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification warning notification-gentle-alert is-hidden&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;icon fa fa-exclamation-circle&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;notification-message&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;713d0e5ccbfa450cbbde7202b1c71f37-problem-title&#34;&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification-btn-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr&#34;&gt;Review&lt;/button&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification warning notification-save is-hidden&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;icon fa fa-save&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;notification-message&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;713d0e5ccbfa450cbbde7202b1c71f37-problem-title&#34;&gt;None &lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification-btn-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr&#34;&gt;Review&lt;/button&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification general notification-show-answer is-hidden&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;icon fa fa-info-circle&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;notification-message&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;713d0e5ccbfa450cbbde7202b1c71f37-problem-title&#34;&gt;Answers are displayed within the problem &lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification-btn-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr&#34;&gt;Review&lt;/button&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; " data-graded="True"> <p class="loading-spinner"> <i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-2x fa-fw"></i> <span class="sr">Loading&hellip;</span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@fa222c9e056b400e87c2414f109e48bc"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-has-score="True" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-graded="True" data-request-token="2be89f18e9a411efbd7512d4917dea95" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="problem" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@fa222c9e056b400e87c2414f109e48bc"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "Problem"} </script> <div id="problem_fa222c9e056b400e87c2414f109e48bc" class="problems-wrapper" role="group" aria-labelledby="fa222c9e056b400e87c2414f109e48bc-problem-title" data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@fa222c9e056b400e87c2414f109e48bc" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@fa222c9e056b400e87c2414f109e48bc/handler/xmodule_handler" data-problem-score="0" data-problem-total-possible="1" data-attempts-used="0" data-content=" &lt;h3 class=&#34;hd hd-3 problem-header&#34; id=&#34;fa222c9e056b400e87c2414f109e48bc-problem-title&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@fa222c9e056b400e87c2414f109e48bc-problem-progress&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; Problem 1.4B &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;problem-progress&#34; id=&#34;block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@fa222c9e056b400e87c2414f109e48bc-problem-progress&#34;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;problem&#34;&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;wrapper-problem-response&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34; aria-label=&#34;Question 1&#34; role=&#34;group&#34;&gt;&lt;p&gt;The rate of diffusion in solids is influenced by the crystal structure of the host metal. In the case of iron, two allotropes exist below \(1394&amp;#176;C\): an FCC phase (&amp;#947;-iron) is stable from \(910&amp;#176;C\) to \(1394&amp;#176;C\) and a BCC phase (\(\alpha\)-iron) is stable from below room temperature to \(910&amp;#176;C\).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Following the decarburization process introduced in the previous problem, at \(910&amp;#176;C\) what is the difference in time required to reach the same carbon concentration of \(0.15\) wt% at \(1 mm\) below the surface if the BCC phase is decarburized rather than the FCC phase?&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Use \( D_{\gamma} = 5.9\times10^{-12}m^{2}/s \) and \( D_{\alpha} = 1.7\times10^{-10}m^{2}/s \). &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; Diffusion in the BBC phase is how many times faster than diffusion in the FCC phase?&lt;/p&gt; &lt;div id=&#34;formulaequationinput_fa222c9e056b400e87c2414f109e48bc_2_1&#34; class=&#34;inputtype formulaequationinput&#34;&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;unanswered&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;text&#34; name=&#34;input_fa222c9e056b400e87c2414f109e48bc_2_1&#34; id=&#34;input_fa222c9e056b400e87c2414f109e48bc_2_1&#34; data-input-id=&#34;fa222c9e056b400e87c2414f109e48bc_2_1&#34; value=&#34;&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_fa222c9e056b400e87c2414f109e48bc_2_1&#34; size=&#34;20&#34;/&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;trailing_text&#34; id=&#34;trailing_text_fa222c9e056b400e87c2414f109e48bc_2_1&#34;/&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;status unanswered&#34; id=&#34;status_fa222c9e056b400e87c2414f109e48bc_2_1&#34; data-tooltip=&#34;Not yet answered.&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;sr&#34;&gt;unanswered&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;status-icon&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;/&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;p id=&#34;answer_fa222c9e056b400e87c2414f109e48bc_2_1&#34; class=&#34;answer&#34;/&gt; &lt;div id=&#34;input_fa222c9e056b400e87c2414f109e48bc_2_1_preview&#34; class=&#34;equation&#34;&gt; \(\) &lt;img src=&#34;/static/images/spinner.bc34f953403f.gif&#34; class=&#34;loading&#34; alt=&#34;Loading&#34;/&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;script_placeholder&#34; data-src=&#34;/static/js/capa/src/formula_equation_preview.b1967ab28c31.js&#34;/&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;solution-span&#34;&gt; &lt;span id=&#34;solution_fa222c9e056b400e87c2414f109e48bc_solution_1&#34;/&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;action&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;hidden&#34; name=&#34;problem_id&#34; value=&#34;Problem 1.4B&#34; /&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;submit-attempt-container&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;submit btn-brand&#34; data-submitting=&#34;Submitting&#34; data-value=&#34;Submit&#34; data-should-enable-submit-button=&#34;True&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;submission_feedback_fa222c9e056b400e87c2414f109e48bc&#34; &gt; &lt;span class=&#34;submit-label&#34;&gt;Submit&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/button&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;submission-feedback&#34; id=&#34;submission_feedback_fa222c9e056b400e87c2414f109e48bc&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;sr&#34;&gt;Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;problem-action-buttons-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification warning notification-gentle-alert is-hidden&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;icon fa fa-exclamation-circle&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;notification-message&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;fa222c9e056b400e87c2414f109e48bc-problem-title&#34;&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification-btn-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr&#34;&gt;Review&lt;/button&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification warning notification-save is-hidden&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;icon fa fa-save&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;notification-message&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;fa222c9e056b400e87c2414f109e48bc-problem-title&#34;&gt;None &lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification-btn-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr&#34;&gt;Review&lt;/button&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification general notification-show-answer is-hidden&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;icon fa fa-info-circle&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;notification-message&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;fa222c9e056b400e87c2414f109e48bc-problem-title&#34;&gt;Answers are displayed within the problem &lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification-btn-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr&#34;&gt;Review&lt;/button&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; " data-graded="True"> <p class="loading-spinner"> <i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-2x fa-fw"></i> <span class="sr">Loading&hellip;</span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-2" data-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@html+block@faba1b37807a480bb7db5df977e0d82f"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-graded="True" data-request-token="2be89f18e9a411efbd7512d4917dea95" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@html+block@faba1b37807a480bb7db5df977e0d82f"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <p>This course feature is unavailable. 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<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-graded="True" data-request-token="2be89f18e9a411efbd7512d4917dea95" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="vertical" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@vertical+block@849bed6b53294436b38fd2d7271779c2"> <h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Problem 1.5</h2> <div class="vert-mod"> <div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@html+block@27aa3cc2a3b64d208436298343bf1824"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-graded="True" data-request-token="2be89f18e9a411efbd7512d4917dea95" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@html+block@27aa3cc2a3b64d208436298343bf1824"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"} </script> <h3>Problem 1.5</h3> <p>The questions below relate to a novel liquid crystal technology known as the blue phase liquid crystal (BPLC).&nbsp;&nbsp;To complete this problem, you will need to watch a short video on how typical LCDs work, and then read a couple of short articles on potential advances to that technology.</p> <p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0B79dGR19Tg&nbsp;" target="[object Object]">Video: LCD Technology-- How it Works</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.osa.org/en-us/about_osa/newsroom/news_releases/2017/novel_liquid_crystal_could_triple_sharpness_of_tod/&nbsp;" target="[object Object]">Reading: Novel Liquid Crystal Could Triple Sharpness of Today&rsquo;s Televisions</a></p> <p><a href="http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1468-6996/16/3/033501/meta&nbsp;" target="[object Object]">Background reading: Blue phase liquid crystal: strategies for phase stabilization and device development</a>&nbsp; (You only need to read the introduction.)</p> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@607aa5efb09546cf90ff67cc0c450aca"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-has-score="True" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-graded="True" data-request-token="2be89f18e9a411efbd7512d4917dea95" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="problem" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@607aa5efb09546cf90ff67cc0c450aca"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "Problem"} </script> <div id="problem_607aa5efb09546cf90ff67cc0c450aca" class="problems-wrapper" role="group" aria-labelledby="607aa5efb09546cf90ff67cc0c450aca-problem-title" data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@607aa5efb09546cf90ff67cc0c450aca" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@607aa5efb09546cf90ff67cc0c450aca/handler/xmodule_handler" data-problem-score="0" data-problem-total-possible="1" data-attempts-used="0" data-content=" &lt;h3 class=&#34;hd hd-3 problem-header&#34; id=&#34;607aa5efb09546cf90ff67cc0c450aca-problem-title&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@607aa5efb09546cf90ff67cc0c450aca-problem-progress&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; Problem 1.5A &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;problem-progress&#34; id=&#34;block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@607aa5efb09546cf90ff67cc0c450aca-problem-progress&#34;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;problem&#34;&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;wrapper-problem-response&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34; aria-label=&#34;Question 1&#34; role=&#34;group&#34;&gt;&lt;div class=&#34;choicegroup capa_inputtype&#34; id=&#34;inputtype_607aa5efb09546cf90ff67cc0c450aca_2_1&#34;&gt; &lt;fieldset aria-describedby=&#34;status_607aa5efb09546cf90ff67cc0c450aca_2_1&#34;&gt; &lt;legend id=&#34;607aa5efb09546cf90ff67cc0c450aca_2_1-legend&#34; class=&#34;response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd&#34;&gt;Why is the novel technology described in the OSA article referred to as BLUE-phase liquid crystal display?&lt;/legend&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_607aa5efb09546cf90ff67cc0c450aca_2_1&#34; id=&#34;input_607aa5efb09546cf90ff67cc0c450aca_2_1_choice_0&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_0&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;607aa5efb09546cf90ff67cc0c450aca_2_1-choice_0-label&#34; for=&#34;input_607aa5efb09546cf90ff67cc0c450aca_2_1_choice_0&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_607aa5efb09546cf90ff67cc0c450aca_2_1&#34;&gt; the color filter produces a particularly vivid shade of blue &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_607aa5efb09546cf90ff67cc0c450aca_2_1&#34; id=&#34;input_607aa5efb09546cf90ff67cc0c450aca_2_1_choice_1&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_1&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;607aa5efb09546cf90ff67cc0c450aca_2_1-choice_1-label&#34; for=&#34;input_607aa5efb09546cf90ff67cc0c450aca_2_1_choice_1&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_607aa5efb09546cf90ff67cc0c450aca_2_1&#34;&gt; the liquid crystals themselves are a particularly vivid shade of blue &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_607aa5efb09546cf90ff67cc0c450aca_2_1&#34; id=&#34;input_607aa5efb09546cf90ff67cc0c450aca_2_1_choice_2&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_2&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;607aa5efb09546cf90ff67cc0c450aca_2_1-choice_2-label&#34; for=&#34;input_607aa5efb09546cf90ff67cc0c450aca_2_1_choice_2&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_607aa5efb09546cf90ff67cc0c450aca_2_1&#34;&gt; the light-emiting diodes are specially developed to emit a particularly vivid shade of blue &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_607aa5efb09546cf90ff67cc0c450aca_2_1&#34; id=&#34;input_607aa5efb09546cf90ff67cc0c450aca_2_1_choice_3&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_3&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;607aa5efb09546cf90ff67cc0c450aca_2_1-choice_3-label&#34; for=&#34;input_607aa5efb09546cf90ff67cc0c450aca_2_1_choice_3&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_607aa5efb09546cf90ff67cc0c450aca_2_1&#34;&gt; the blue that we see on the display is interpreted by the human eye as particularly vivid &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;radio&#34; name=&#34;input_607aa5efb09546cf90ff67cc0c450aca_2_1&#34; id=&#34;input_607aa5efb09546cf90ff67cc0c450aca_2_1_choice_4&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-radio&#34; value=&#34;choice_4&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;607aa5efb09546cf90ff67cc0c450aca_2_1-choice_4-label&#34; for=&#34;input_607aa5efb09546cf90ff67cc0c450aca_2_1_choice_4&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_607aa5efb09546cf90ff67cc0c450aca_2_1&#34;&gt; the liquid crystals are in a particularly responsive sub-phase that was first discoverd in LCs with a blue color &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;span id=&#34;answer_607aa5efb09546cf90ff67cc0c450aca_2_1&#34;/&gt; &lt;/fieldset&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;indicator-container&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;status unanswered&#34; id=&#34;status_607aa5efb09546cf90ff67cc0c450aca_2_1&#34; data-tooltip=&#34;Not yet answered.&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;sr&#34;&gt;unanswered&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;status-icon&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;/&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;action&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;hidden&#34; name=&#34;problem_id&#34; value=&#34;Problem 1.5A&#34; /&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;submit-attempt-container&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;submit btn-brand&#34; data-submitting=&#34;Submitting&#34; data-value=&#34;Submit&#34; data-should-enable-submit-button=&#34;True&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;submission_feedback_607aa5efb09546cf90ff67cc0c450aca&#34; &gt; &lt;span class=&#34;submit-label&#34;&gt;Submit&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/button&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;submission-feedback&#34; id=&#34;submission_feedback_607aa5efb09546cf90ff67cc0c450aca&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;sr&#34;&gt;Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;problem-action-buttons-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification warning notification-gentle-alert is-hidden&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;icon fa fa-exclamation-circle&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;notification-message&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;607aa5efb09546cf90ff67cc0c450aca-problem-title&#34;&gt; &lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification-btn-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr&#34;&gt;Review&lt;/button&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification warning notification-save is-hidden&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;icon fa fa-save&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;notification-message&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;607aa5efb09546cf90ff67cc0c450aca-problem-title&#34;&gt;None &lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification-btn-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr&#34;&gt;Review&lt;/button&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification general notification-show-answer is-hidden&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;icon fa fa-info-circle&#34; aria-hidden=&#34;true&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;notification-message&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;607aa5efb09546cf90ff67cc0c450aca-problem-title&#34;&gt;Answers are displayed within the problem &lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;notification-btn-wrapper&#34;&gt; &lt;button type=&#34;button&#34; class=&#34;btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr&#34;&gt;Review&lt;/button&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; " data-graded="True"> <p class="loading-spinner"> <i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-2x fa-fw"></i> <span class="sr">Loading&hellip;</span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vert vert-2" data-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296"> <div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-has-score="True" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-graded="True" data-request-token="2be89f18e9a411efbd7512d4917dea95" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="problem" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296"> <script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args"> {"xmodule-type": "Problem"} </script> <div id="problem_c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296" class="problems-wrapper" role="group" aria-labelledby="c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296-problem-title" data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296/handler/xmodule_handler" data-problem-score="0" data-problem-total-possible="1" data-attempts-used="0" data-content=" &lt;h3 class=&#34;hd hd-3 problem-header&#34; id=&#34;c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296-problem-title&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296-problem-progress&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34;&gt; Problem 1.5B &lt;/h3&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;problem-progress&#34; id=&#34;block-v1:MITx+3.012S.3x+1T2019+type@problem+block@c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296-problem-progress&#34;&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;problem&#34;&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;wrapper-problem-response&#34; tabindex=&#34;-1&#34; aria-label=&#34;Question 1&#34; role=&#34;group&#34;&gt;&lt;div class=&#34;choicegroup capa_inputtype&#34; id=&#34;inputtype_c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1&#34;&gt; &lt;fieldset aria-describedby=&#34;status_c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1&#34;&gt; &lt;legend id=&#34;c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1-legend&#34; class=&#34;response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd&#34;&gt;Which of the following characteristics are noted as advantages to the novel technology described in the OSA article, when compared to traditional LCD technology?&lt;/legend&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;checkbox&#34; name=&#34;input_c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1[]&#34; id=&#34;input_c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1_choice_0&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-checkbox&#34; value=&#34;choice_0&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1-choice_0-label&#34; for=&#34;input_c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1_choice_0&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1&#34;&gt; increased sharpness of the display image &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;checkbox&#34; name=&#34;input_c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1[]&#34; id=&#34;input_c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1_choice_1&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-checkbox&#34; value=&#34;choice_1&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1-choice_1-label&#34; for=&#34;input_c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1_choice_1&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1&#34;&gt; higher pixel/resolution density &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;checkbox&#34; name=&#34;input_c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1[]&#34; id=&#34;input_c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1_choice_2&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-checkbox&#34; value=&#34;choice_2&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1-choice_2-label&#34; for=&#34;input_c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1_choice_2&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1&#34;&gt; use of brighter white LEDs &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;checkbox&#34; name=&#34;input_c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1[]&#34; id=&#34;input_c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1_choice_3&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-checkbox&#34; value=&#34;choice_3&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1-choice_3-label&#34; for=&#34;input_c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1_choice_3&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1&#34;&gt; use of higher quality color filters &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;checkbox&#34; name=&#34;input_c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1[]&#34; id=&#34;input_c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1_choice_4&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-checkbox&#34; value=&#34;choice_4&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1-choice_4-label&#34; for=&#34;input_c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1_choice_4&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1&#34;&gt; more vivid display color &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;checkbox&#34; name=&#34;input_c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1[]&#34; id=&#34;input_c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1_choice_5&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-checkbox&#34; value=&#34;choice_5&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1-choice_5-label&#34; for=&#34;input_c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1_choice_5&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1&#34;&gt; simpler (space-saving) pixel design &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;checkbox&#34; name=&#34;input_c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1[]&#34; id=&#34;input_c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1_choice_6&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-checkbox&#34; value=&#34;choice_6&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1-choice_6-label&#34; for=&#34;input_c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1_choice_6&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1&#34;&gt; faster response time in LCs &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;checkbox&#34; name=&#34;input_c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1[]&#34; id=&#34;input_c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1_choice_7&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-checkbox&#34; value=&#34;choice_7&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1-choice_7-label&#34; for=&#34;input_c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1_choice_7&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1&#34;&gt; cheaper materials &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;checkbox&#34; name=&#34;input_c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1[]&#34; id=&#34;input_c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1_choice_8&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-checkbox&#34; value=&#34;choice_8&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1-choice_8-label&#34; for=&#34;input_c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1_choice_8&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1&#34;&gt; reduced power usage &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;checkbox&#34; name=&#34;input_c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1[]&#34; id=&#34;input_c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1_choice_9&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-checkbox&#34; value=&#34;choice_9&#34;/&gt;&lt;label id=&#34;c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1-choice_9-label&#34; for=&#34;input_c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1_choice_9&#34; class=&#34;response-label field-label label-inline&#34; aria-describedby=&#34;status_c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1&#34;&gt; better applications in augmented reality technology &lt;/label&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&#34;field&#34;&gt; &lt;input type=&#34;checkbox&#34; name=&#34;input_c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1[]&#34; id=&#34;input_c71dc00f7ed74930b8afa6ba23b6c296_2_1_choice_10&#34; class=&#34;field-input input-checkbox&#34; 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