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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">This Course on Open Learning Library</h2>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Welcome</h2>
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<h2>WELCOME TO 3.15.2X: Optical Materials and Devices</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px;">Welcome to <em>3.15.2x: Optical Materials and Devices. </em>Before you get started with the course, we recommend that you review all of the material in the <em>Introduction</em> section. This section contains important information about the structure of the course, and details about the types of exercises that you will encounter throughout 3.15.2x. </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px;">We look forward to working with you throughout the semester!</p>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Overview</h2>
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<h2>overview</h2>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4e4e4e; font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In this engineering course, you will learn about photodetectors, solar cells (photovoltaics), displays, light emitting diodes, lasers, optical fibers, optical communications, and photonic devices.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4e4e4e; font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This course is part of a three-part series, which explains the basis of the electrical, optical, and magnetic properties of materials including semiconductors, metals, organics, and insulators. We will show how devices are built to take advantage of these properties. This is illustrated with a wide range of devices, placing a strong emphasis on new and emerging technologies.</p>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4e4e4e; font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Part 1 - <a href="https://openlearninglibrary.mit.edu/courses/course-v1:MITX+3.15.1x+2T2017/about" target="_blank" style="color: #2968aa; text-decoration: none; box-sizing: border-box;">3.15.1x: Electronic Materials and Devices</a><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />Part 3 - 3.15.3x: Magnetic Materials and Devices</p>
<h3 class="course-info-heading" style="font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: #050505; font-weight: bold; box-sizing: border-box; border-bottom-width: 0px; display: inline-block; font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-transform: none;">What you'll learn</h3>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #4e4e4e; font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></p>
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<ul style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding-top: 12px; padding-bottom: 12px; padding-left: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;">
<li style="font-size: 1em !important; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">The fundamental operating principles of photodevices</li>
<li style="font-size: 1em !important; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">LED and heterojunction laser materials selection and design</li>
<li style="font-size: 1em !important; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">Fundamentals of organic electronics and liquid crystal displays</li>
<li style="font-size: 1em !important; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">An overview of photonic systems</li>
<li style="font-size: 1em !important; line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">Optical fibers: dispersion, losses, and design choices</li>
</ul>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Grading</h2>
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<h2 style="font-size: 16px;">Grading</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px;">A minimum grade of 60% is required to earn a certificate in 3.15.2x.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px;">Homework: 100% </p>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Schedule</h2>
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<h2>COURSE SCHEDULE</h2>
<p style="font-size: 18px;">The schedule of due dates for 3.15.1x can be found below. </p>
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<tbody>
<tr><th></th><th>Topic</th><th>Released</th><th>Due</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>Week 1</td>
<td>Photodevices</td>
<td>05 July</td>
<td>12 July</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Week 2</td>
<td>LEDs and Lasers</td>
<td>12 July</td>
<td>19 July</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Week 3</td>
<td>Organic Electronics, Liquid Crystal Displays, and Optical Fibers</td>
<td>19 July</td>
<td>26 July</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Week 4</td>
<td>Photonics</td>
<td>26 July</td>
<td>02 August</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Please note:</span> All assignments are released at 9am EST and are due at 9am EST the next week.</p>
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<h2>PROBLEM TYPES</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px;">Throughout 3.15x, you will encounter several types of problems. This unit outlines the types of problems that you will find, and it provides a brief tutorial that guides you through the various ways that you can enter your answers into the edX platform. Please review this material before attempting any Homework or Exam problems. </p>
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<p>Many of the problems that you encounter will require a simple numerical answer. Try typing "3.14" into the box below.</p>
<p>What is the value of pi (to two decimal places)?</p>
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<div id="problem_16b3cb7db28e44c696161a662f22a48d" class="problems-wrapper" role="group"
aria-labelledby="16b3cb7db28e44c696161a662f22a48d-problem-title"
data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+3.15.2x+2T2017+type@problem+block@16b3cb7db28e44c696161a662f22a48d" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+3.15.2x+2T2017/xblock/block-v1:MITx+3.15.2x+2T2017+type@problem+block@16b3cb7db28e44c696161a662f22a48d/handler/xmodule_handler"
data-problem-score="0"
data-problem-total-possible="0"
data-attempts-used="0"
data-content="
<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="16b3cb7db28e44c696161a662f22a48d-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+3.15.2x+2T2017+type@problem+block@16b3cb7db28e44c696161a662f22a48d-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
problem
</h3>
<div class="problem-progress" id="block-v1:MITx+3.15.2x+2T2017+type@problem+block@16b3cb7db28e44c696161a662f22a48d-problem-progress"></div>
<div class="problem">
<div>
<p>You can also answer problems using scientific notation. Try entering \(3 \times 10^8\) by typing "3*10^8" into the box below:</p>
<p>What is the speed of light (in m/s)?</p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div id="formulaequationinput_16b3cb7db28e44c696161a662f22a48d_2_1" class="inputtype formulaequationinput">
<div class="unanswered">
<input type="text" name="input_16b3cb7db28e44c696161a662f22a48d_2_1" id="input_16b3cb7db28e44c696161a662f22a48d_2_1" data-input-id="16b3cb7db28e44c696161a662f22a48d_2_1" value="" aria-describedby="status_16b3cb7db28e44c696161a662f22a48d_2_1" size="20"/>
<span class="trailing_text" id="trailing_text_16b3cb7db28e44c696161a662f22a48d_2_1"/>
<span class="status unanswered" id="status_16b3cb7db28e44c696161a662f22a48d_2_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered.">
<span class="sr">unanswered</span><span class="status-icon" aria-hidden="true"/>
</span>
<p id="answer_16b3cb7db28e44c696161a662f22a48d_2_1" class="answer"/>
<div id="input_16b3cb7db28e44c696161a662f22a48d_2_1_preview" class="equation">
\(\)
<img src="/static/images/spinner.bc34f953403f.gif" class="loading" alt="Loading"/>
</div>
</div>
<div class="script_placeholder" data-src="/static/js/capa/src/formula_equation_preview.b1967ab28c31.js"/>
</div></div>
</div>
<div class="action">
<input type="hidden" name="problem_id" value="problem" />
<div class="submit-attempt-container">
<button type="button" class="submit btn-brand" data-submitting="Submitting" data-value="Submit" data-should-enable-submit-button="True" aria-describedby="submission_feedback_16b3cb7db28e44c696161a662f22a48d" >
<span class="submit-label">Submit</span>
</button>
<div class="submission-feedback" id="submission_feedback_16b3cb7db28e44c696161a662f22a48d">
<span class="sr">Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="problem-action-buttons-wrapper">
</div>
</div>
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is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-exclamation-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="16b3cb7db28e44c696161a662f22a48d-problem-title">
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<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
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<div class="notification warning notification-save
is-hidden"
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<span class="icon fa fa-save" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="16b3cb7db28e44c696161a662f22a48d-problem-title">None
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification general notification-show-answer
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-info-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="16b3cb7db28e44c696161a662f22a48d-problem-title">Answers are displayed within the problem
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
"
data-graded="False">
<p class="loading-spinner">
<i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
<span class="sr">Loading…</span>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-3" data-id="block-v1:MITx+3.15.2x+2T2017+type@problem+block@14b837be768948e2a793851dec3c8486">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-block-type="problem" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+3.15.2x+2T2017+type@problem+block@14b837be768948e2a793851dec3c8486" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+3.15.2x+2T2017" data-has-score="True" data-graded="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-request-token="1f273914042211efa5710afff417eba9">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Problem"}
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<div id="problem_14b837be768948e2a793851dec3c8486" class="problems-wrapper" role="group"
aria-labelledby="14b837be768948e2a793851dec3c8486-problem-title"
data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+3.15.2x+2T2017+type@problem+block@14b837be768948e2a793851dec3c8486" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+3.15.2x+2T2017/xblock/block-v1:MITx+3.15.2x+2T2017+type@problem+block@14b837be768948e2a793851dec3c8486/handler/xmodule_handler"
data-problem-score="0"
data-problem-total-possible="0"
data-attempts-used="0"
data-content="
<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="14b837be768948e2a793851dec3c8486-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+3.15.2x+2T2017+type@problem+block@14b837be768948e2a793851dec3c8486-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
problem
</h3>
<div class="problem-progress" id="block-v1:MITx+3.15.2x+2T2017+type@problem+block@14b837be768948e2a793851dec3c8486-problem-progress"></div>
<div class="problem">
<div>
<p>Some problems don't have numerical answers at all. Instead, you can enter a formula into the answer box. (Please note that when you enter a formula, you always need to explicitly denote multiplication using the "*" sign.) Try entering \(ma\) by typing "m*a" into the box below:</p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><br/>
<span>Force =</span>
<div id="formulaequationinput_14b837be768948e2a793851dec3c8486_2_1" class="inputtype formulaequationinput">
<div class="unanswered">
<input type="text" name="input_14b837be768948e2a793851dec3c8486_2_1" id="input_14b837be768948e2a793851dec3c8486_2_1" data-input-id="14b837be768948e2a793851dec3c8486_2_1" value="" aria-describedby="status_14b837be768948e2a793851dec3c8486_2_1" size="40"/>
<span class="trailing_text" id="trailing_text_14b837be768948e2a793851dec3c8486_2_1"/>
<span class="status unanswered" id="status_14b837be768948e2a793851dec3c8486_2_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered.">
<span class="sr">unanswered</span><span class="status-icon" aria-hidden="true"/>
</span>
<p id="answer_14b837be768948e2a793851dec3c8486_2_1" class="answer"/>
<div id="input_14b837be768948e2a793851dec3c8486_2_1_preview" class="equation">
\(\)
<img src="/static/images/spinner.bc34f953403f.gif" class="loading" alt="Loading"/>
</div>
</div>
<div class="script_placeholder" data-src="/static/js/capa/src/formula_equation_preview.b1967ab28c31.js"/>
</div></div>
</div>
<div class="action">
<input type="hidden" name="problem_id" value="problem" />
<div class="submit-attempt-container">
<button type="button" class="submit btn-brand" data-submitting="Submitting" data-value="Submit" data-should-enable-submit-button="True" aria-describedby="submission_feedback_14b837be768948e2a793851dec3c8486" >
<span class="submit-label">Submit</span>
</button>
<div class="submission-feedback" id="submission_feedback_14b837be768948e2a793851dec3c8486">
<span class="sr">Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="problem-action-buttons-wrapper">
</div>
</div>
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is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-exclamation-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="14b837be768948e2a793851dec3c8486-problem-title">
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
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<div class="notification warning notification-save
is-hidden"
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<span class="icon fa fa-save" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="14b837be768948e2a793851dec3c8486-problem-title">None
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification general notification-show-answer
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-info-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="14b837be768948e2a793851dec3c8486-problem-title">Answers are displayed within the problem
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
"
data-graded="False">
<p class="loading-spinner">
<i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
<span class="sr">Loading…</span>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-4" data-id="block-v1:MITx+3.15.2x+2T2017+type@problem+block@b84195461a9445318ec9440042cf2859">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-block-type="problem" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+3.15.2x+2T2017+type@problem+block@b84195461a9445318ec9440042cf2859" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+3.15.2x+2T2017" data-has-score="True" data-graded="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-request-token="1f273914042211efa5710afff417eba9">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Problem"}
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<div id="problem_b84195461a9445318ec9440042cf2859" class="problems-wrapper" role="group"
aria-labelledby="b84195461a9445318ec9440042cf2859-problem-title"
data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+3.15.2x+2T2017+type@problem+block@b84195461a9445318ec9440042cf2859" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+3.15.2x+2T2017/xblock/block-v1:MITx+3.15.2x+2T2017+type@problem+block@b84195461a9445318ec9440042cf2859/handler/xmodule_handler"
data-problem-score="0"
data-problem-total-possible="0"
data-attempts-used="0"
data-content="
<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="b84195461a9445318ec9440042cf2859-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+3.15.2x+2T2017+type@problem+block@b84195461a9445318ec9440042cf2859-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
problem
</h3>
<div class="problem-progress" id="block-v1:MITx+3.15.2x+2T2017+type@problem+block@b84195461a9445318ec9440042cf2859-problem-progress"></div>
<div class="problem">
<div>
<p>You can also include Greek letters in your answer. To create the symbol \(\Delta\), simply type "Delta" </p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><br/>
<span>\(\Delta\):</span>
<div id="formulaequationinput_b84195461a9445318ec9440042cf2859_2_1" class="inputtype formulaequationinput">
<div class="unanswered">
<input type="text" name="input_b84195461a9445318ec9440042cf2859_2_1" id="input_b84195461a9445318ec9440042cf2859_2_1" data-input-id="b84195461a9445318ec9440042cf2859_2_1" value="" aria-describedby="status_b84195461a9445318ec9440042cf2859_2_1" size="40"/>
<span class="trailing_text" id="trailing_text_b84195461a9445318ec9440042cf2859_2_1"/>
<span class="status unanswered" id="status_b84195461a9445318ec9440042cf2859_2_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered.">
<span class="sr">unanswered</span><span class="status-icon" aria-hidden="true"/>
</span>
<p id="answer_b84195461a9445318ec9440042cf2859_2_1" class="answer"/>
<div id="input_b84195461a9445318ec9440042cf2859_2_1_preview" class="equation">
\(\)
<img src="/static/images/spinner.bc34f953403f.gif" class="loading" alt="Loading"/>
</div>
</div>
<div class="script_placeholder" data-src="/static/js/capa/src/formula_equation_preview.b1967ab28c31.js"/>
</div></div>
</div>
<div class="action">
<input type="hidden" name="problem_id" value="problem" />
<div class="submit-attempt-container">
<button type="button" class="submit btn-brand" data-submitting="Submitting" data-value="Submit" data-should-enable-submit-button="True" aria-describedby="submission_feedback_b84195461a9445318ec9440042cf2859" >
<span class="submit-label">Submit</span>
</button>
<div class="submission-feedback" id="submission_feedback_b84195461a9445318ec9440042cf2859">
<span class="sr">Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="problem-action-buttons-wrapper">
</div>
</div>
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is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-exclamation-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
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<div class="notification general notification-show-answer
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-info-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="b84195461a9445318ec9440042cf2859-problem-title">Answers are displayed within the problem
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"
data-graded="False">
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<span class="sr">Loading…</span>
</p>
</div>
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</div>
<div class="vert vert-5" data-id="block-v1:MITx+3.15.2x+2T2017+type@problem+block@6cc5f93b395a4eaf9df685766c5b5180">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-block-type="problem" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+3.15.2x+2T2017+type@problem+block@6cc5f93b395a4eaf9df685766c5b5180" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+3.15.2x+2T2017" data-has-score="True" data-graded="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-request-token="1f273914042211efa5710afff417eba9">
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<div id="problem_6cc5f93b395a4eaf9df685766c5b5180" class="problems-wrapper" role="group"
aria-labelledby="6cc5f93b395a4eaf9df685766c5b5180-problem-title"
data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+3.15.2x+2T2017+type@problem+block@6cc5f93b395a4eaf9df685766c5b5180" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+3.15.2x+2T2017/xblock/block-v1:MITx+3.15.2x+2T2017+type@problem+block@6cc5f93b395a4eaf9df685766c5b5180/handler/xmodule_handler"
data-problem-score="0"
data-problem-total-possible="0"
data-attempts-used="0"
data-content="
<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="6cc5f93b395a4eaf9df685766c5b5180-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+3.15.2x+2T2017+type@problem+block@6cc5f93b395a4eaf9df685766c5b5180-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
problem
</h3>
<div class="problem-progress" id="block-v1:MITx+3.15.2x+2T2017+type@problem+block@6cc5f93b395a4eaf9df685766c5b5180-problem-progress"></div>
<div class="problem">
<div>
<p>You can type lowercase Greek letters as well by spelling the letter name with a lowercase letter. If you would like a lowercase delta, type "delta" </p>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><br/>
<span>\(\delta\):</span>
<div id="formulaequationinput_6cc5f93b395a4eaf9df685766c5b5180_2_1" class="inputtype formulaequationinput">
<div class="unanswered">
<input type="text" name="input_6cc5f93b395a4eaf9df685766c5b5180_2_1" id="input_6cc5f93b395a4eaf9df685766c5b5180_2_1" data-input-id="6cc5f93b395a4eaf9df685766c5b5180_2_1" value="" aria-describedby="status_6cc5f93b395a4eaf9df685766c5b5180_2_1" size="40"/>
<span class="trailing_text" id="trailing_text_6cc5f93b395a4eaf9df685766c5b5180_2_1"/>
<span class="status unanswered" id="status_6cc5f93b395a4eaf9df685766c5b5180_2_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered.">
<span class="sr">unanswered</span><span class="status-icon" aria-hidden="true"/>
</span>
<p id="answer_6cc5f93b395a4eaf9df685766c5b5180_2_1" class="answer"/>
<div id="input_6cc5f93b395a4eaf9df685766c5b5180_2_1_preview" class="equation">
\(\)
<img src="/static/images/spinner.bc34f953403f.gif" class="loading" alt="Loading"/>
</div>
</div>
<div class="script_placeholder" data-src="/static/js/capa/src/formula_equation_preview.b1967ab28c31.js"/>
</div></div>
</div>
<div class="action">
<input type="hidden" name="problem_id" value="problem" />
<div class="submit-attempt-container">
<button type="button" class="submit btn-brand" data-submitting="Submitting" data-value="Submit" data-should-enable-submit-button="True" aria-describedby="submission_feedback_6cc5f93b395a4eaf9df685766c5b5180" >
<span class="submit-label">Submit</span>
</button>
<div class="submission-feedback" id="submission_feedback_6cc5f93b395a4eaf9df685766c5b5180">
<span class="sr">Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="problem-action-buttons-wrapper">
</div>
</div>
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is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
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<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-block-type="problem" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+3.15.2x+2T2017+type@problem+block@5fce4f8ff7034f4c902856d5f1064662" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+3.15.2x+2T2017" data-has-score="True" data-graded="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-request-token="1f273914042211efa5710afff417eba9">
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<p>You can also include square root signs in your equations. Try entering \(2 \pi \sqrt{\frac{L}{g}}\) by typing "2*pi*sqrt(L/g)" into the box below.</p>
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<span>T:</span>
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problem
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<p>You can also include exponentials and subscripts in your answer. Try entering \(N_0 e^{-\lambda t}\) by typing "N_0*exp(-lambda*t)" into the box below.</p>
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<span>N(t):</span>
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\(\)
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Readings</h2>
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<h2>readings</h2>
<p>There is no required textbook and there are no required readings for 3.15x. However, if you would like further references, Prof. Ross has complied a list of books that will be useful in deepening your understanding of the 3.15x material. You will find a list of these textbooks below, and each week's Week Overview will contain a list of relevant selections from these books: </p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">Pierret, <em>Semiconductor Device Fundamentals</em>, Addison-Wesley 1996</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">Anderson & Anderson, <em>Fundamentals of Semiconductor Devices</em>, 2004</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">Solymar and Walsh, <em>Electrical Properties of Materials</em>, Oxford 7th Ed. 2003</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">Braithwaite and Weaver, <em>Electronic Materials</em>, 2nd ed. Butterworths, 1998</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">Saleh and Teich, <em>Fundamentals of Photonics</em>, 2nd ed. Wiley 2007</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;"> <span style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">Joannopoulos</span>, et al, <a href="http://ab-initio.mit.edu/book/" target="[object Object]">Photonic Crystals</a>, Princeton 1995</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">Jiles, <em>Introduction to Magnetism and Magnetic Materials</em>, 2nd ed., Chapman & Hall 1998</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">Spaldin, <em>Magnetic Materials</em>, Cambridge Univ. Press, 2003</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">Fulay, <em>Electronic, Magnetic and Optical Materials</em>, CRC Press, 2010</span></li>
</ul>
<p></p>
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