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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Ampere's Law for a Coaxial Cable</h2>
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Ampere&#39;s Law for a Coaxial Cable
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<p>
A long coaxial cable consists of two concentric conductors. The inner conductor is a cylinder with radius [mathjaxinline]R_1[/mathjaxinline], and it carries a current [mathjaxinline]I[/mathjaxinline] uniformly distributed over its cross section. The outer conductor is a cylindrical shell with inner radius [mathjaxinline]R_2[/mathjaxinline] and outer radius [mathjaxinline]R_3[/mathjaxinline]. It carries a current [mathjaxinline]I[/mathjaxinline] that is also uniformly distributed over its cross section, and that is opposite in direction to the current of the inner conductor. Calculate the magnetic field [mathjaxinline]\vec{\textbf{B}}[/mathjaxinline] as a function of the distance [mathjaxinline]r[/mathjaxinline] from the axis. Use the coordinate system described in the figure below. </p>
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<img src="/assets/courseware/v1/2be086b1562d4dc1796272e6d533fdcc/asset-v1:MITx+8.02.2x+2T2018+type@asset+block/images_ps5_p1_fig0.png" width="400" style="width : 3.5in"/>
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<h2>Symbolic Check</h2>
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<p>
For the symbolic check, write your answer using some or all of the following: [mathjaxinline]r[/mathjaxinline], [mathjaxinline]I[/mathjaxinline], R_1 for [mathjaxinline]R_1[/mathjaxinline], R_2 for [mathjaxinline]R_2[/mathjaxinline], R_3 for [mathjaxinline]R_3[/mathjaxinline] and mu_0 for [mathjaxinline]\mu _0[/mathjaxinline]. </p>
<p>
<p style="display:inline">For [mathjaxinline]0 &lt; r &lt; R_1[/mathjaxinline]: [mathjaxinline]B(r) =[/mathjaxinline] </p>
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<option value="[mathjaxinline]\hat r[/mathjaxinline]"> [mathjaxinline]\hat r[/mathjaxinline]</option>
<option value="[mathjaxinline]-\hat r[/mathjaxinline]"> [mathjaxinline]-\hat r[/mathjaxinline]</option>
<option value="[mathjaxinline]\hat\varphi[/mathjaxinline]"> [mathjaxinline]\hat\varphi[/mathjaxinline]</option>
<option value="-[mathjaxinline]\hat\varphi[/mathjaxinline]"> -[mathjaxinline]\hat\varphi[/mathjaxinline]</option>
<option value="[mathjaxinline]\hat z[/mathjaxinline]"> [mathjaxinline]\hat z[/mathjaxinline]</option>
<option value="[mathjaxinline]-\hat z[/mathjaxinline]"> [mathjaxinline]-\hat z[/mathjaxinline]</option>
<option value="None, B is zero"> None, B is zero</option>
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<p>
<p style="display:inline">For [mathjaxinline]R_1 &lt; r &lt; R_2[/mathjaxinline]: [mathjaxinline]B(r) =[/mathjaxinline] </p>
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<div id="display_pset7_2_4_1" class="equation">`{::}`</div>
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<option value="[mathjaxinline]\hat r[/mathjaxinline]"> [mathjaxinline]\hat r[/mathjaxinline]</option>
<option value="[mathjaxinline]-\hat r[/mathjaxinline]"> [mathjaxinline]-\hat r[/mathjaxinline]</option>
<option value="[mathjaxinline]\hat\varphi[/mathjaxinline]"> [mathjaxinline]\hat\varphi[/mathjaxinline]</option>
<option value="-[mathjaxinline]\hat\varphi[/mathjaxinline]"> -[mathjaxinline]\hat\varphi[/mathjaxinline]</option>
<option value="[mathjaxinline]\hat z[/mathjaxinline]"> [mathjaxinline]\hat z[/mathjaxinline]</option>
<option value="[mathjaxinline]-\hat z[/mathjaxinline]"> [mathjaxinline]-\hat z[/mathjaxinline]</option>
<option value="None, B is zero"> None, B is zero</option>
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<p>
<p style="display:inline">For [mathjaxinline]R_2 &lt; r &lt; R_3[/mathjaxinline]: [mathjaxinline]B(r) =[/mathjaxinline] </p>
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<option value="[mathjaxinline]\hat r[/mathjaxinline]"> [mathjaxinline]\hat r[/mathjaxinline]</option>
<option value="[mathjaxinline]-\hat r[/mathjaxinline]"> [mathjaxinline]-\hat r[/mathjaxinline]</option>
<option value="[mathjaxinline]\hat\varphi[/mathjaxinline]"> [mathjaxinline]\hat\varphi[/mathjaxinline]</option>
<option value="-[mathjaxinline]\hat\varphi[/mathjaxinline]"> -[mathjaxinline]\hat\varphi[/mathjaxinline]</option>
<option value="[mathjaxinline]\hat z[/mathjaxinline]"> [mathjaxinline]\hat z[/mathjaxinline]</option>
<option value="[mathjaxinline]-\hat z[/mathjaxinline]"> [mathjaxinline]-\hat z[/mathjaxinline]</option>
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<p>
<p style="display:inline">For [mathjaxinline]R_3 &lt; r[/mathjaxinline]: [mathjaxinline]B(r) =[/mathjaxinline] </p>
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<option value="[mathjaxinline]\hat r[/mathjaxinline]"> [mathjaxinline]\hat r[/mathjaxinline]</option>
<option value="[mathjaxinline]-\hat r[/mathjaxinline]"> [mathjaxinline]-\hat r[/mathjaxinline]</option>
<option value="[mathjaxinline]\hat\varphi[/mathjaxinline]"> [mathjaxinline]\hat\varphi[/mathjaxinline]</option>
<option value="-[mathjaxinline]\hat\varphi[/mathjaxinline]"> -[mathjaxinline]\hat\varphi[/mathjaxinline]</option>
<option value="[mathjaxinline]\hat z[/mathjaxinline]"> [mathjaxinline]\hat z[/mathjaxinline]</option>
<option value="[mathjaxinline]-\hat z[/mathjaxinline]"> [mathjaxinline]-\hat z[/mathjaxinline]</option>
<option value="None, B is zero"> None, B is zero</option>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">W09PS03: Co-axial Cable</h3>
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The figure below shows two slabs of current. Both slabs are infinite in the [mathjaxinline]x[/mathjaxinline] and [mathjaxinline]z[/mathjaxinline] directions, and have thickness [mathjaxinline]d[/mathjaxinline] in the [mathjaxinline]y[/mathjaxinline] direction. The top slab of current is located in the region [mathjaxinline]0&lt;y&lt;d[/mathjaxinline] and has a constant current density [mathjaxinline]\vec{\mathbf{J}}_{out}=J \hat{\mathbf{z}}[/mathjaxinline], directed out of the screen as shown in the figure below. The bottom slab is located in the region [mathjaxinline]-d&lt;y&lt;0[/mathjaxinline] and has a constant current density [mathjaxinline]\vec{\mathbf{J}}_{in}=-J \hat{\mathbf{z}}[/mathjaxinline], directed into the screen. Note that the two slabs have current densities with the same magnitude but opposite directions so there is a discontinuity in the current density at [mathjaxinline]y=0[/mathjaxinline]. </p>
<center>
<img src="/assets/courseware/v1/1638a66738e02dd93abd8d10243f50b6/asset-v1:MITx+8.02.2x+2T2018+type@asset+block/images_fridayw7_2_fig1.png" width="330"/>
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<p>
For the following questions, express your answers in terms of mu_0 for [mathjaxinline]\mu _0[/mathjaxinline], [mathjaxinline]J[/mathjaxinline], [mathjaxinline]d[/mathjaxinline], [mathjaxinline]y[/mathjaxinline], hati for [mathjaxinline]\hat{i}[/mathjaxinline], hatj for [mathjaxinline]\hat{j}[/mathjaxinline], and hatk for [mathjaxinline]\hat{k}[/mathjaxinline] (where [mathjaxinline]\hat{i}[/mathjaxinline], [mathjaxinline]\hat{j}[/mathjaxinline], and [mathjaxinline]\hat{k}[/mathjaxinline] point in the [mathjaxinline]x[/mathjaxinline], [mathjaxinline]y[/mathjaxinline], and [mathjaxinline]z[/mathjaxinline] directions, respectively), as needed. </p>
<p><b class="bfseries">(a)</b> What is the direction and magnitude of the magnetic field for [mathjaxinline]|y|&gt;d[/mathjaxinline]? </p>
<p>
<p style="display:inline">[mathjaxinline]\vec{\mathbf{B}}=[/mathjaxinline] </p>
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<p><b class="bfseries">(b)</b> Use Ampere's Law to find the direction and magnitude of the magnetic field at [mathjaxinline]y=0[/mathjaxinline]. </p>
<p>
<p style="display:inline">[mathjaxinline]\vec{\mathbf{B}}=[/mathjaxinline] </p>
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<p><b class="bfseries">(c)</b> Use Ampere's Law to find the direction and magnitude of the magnetic field for [mathjaxinline]0&lt;y&lt;d[/mathjaxinline]. </p>
<p>
<p style="display:inline">[mathjaxinline]\vec{\mathbf{B}}=[/mathjaxinline] </p>
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Magnetic Field of a Non-uniform Slab of Current
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We want to find the magnetic field [mathjaxinline]\vec{\mathbf{B}}[/mathjaxinline] due to an infinite slab of current, using Ampere's Law. The figure shows a slab of current with non-uniform current density [mathjaxinline]\vec{\mathbf{J}}=(2J_ e |y|/d)\hat{\mathbf{z}}[/mathjaxinline], where [mathjaxinline]J_ e[/mathjaxinline] is a positive constant with units of amps per square meter and [mathjaxinline]\hat{\mathbf{z}}[/mathjaxinline] points out of the screen. Note the absolute value [mathjaxinline]|y|[/mathjaxinline] in the expression for the current density, which means that the current density always points out of the screen. The slab of current is infinite in the [mathjaxinline]x[/mathjaxinline] and [mathjaxinline]z[/mathjaxinline] directions, and has thickness [mathjaxinline]d[/mathjaxinline] in the [mathjaxinline]y[/mathjaxinline] direction. Find expressions for the direction and magnitude of the magnetic field as a function of [mathjaxinline]y[/mathjaxinline] in the regions listed below. </p>
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Express your answers for [mathjaxinline]\vec{\mathbf{B}}[/mathjaxinline], in terms of mu_0 for [mathjaxinline]\mu _0[/mathjaxinline], J_e for [mathjaxinline]J_ e[/mathjaxinline], [mathjaxinline]d[/mathjaxinline], [mathjaxinline]y[/mathjaxinline], hati for [mathjaxinline]\hat{i}[/mathjaxinline], hatj for [mathjaxinline]\hat{j}[/mathjaxinline], and hatk for [mathjaxinline]\hat{k}[/mathjaxinline] (where [mathjaxinline]\hat{i}[/mathjaxinline], [mathjaxinline]\hat{j}[/mathjaxinline], [mathjaxinline]\hat{k}[/mathjaxinline] point along the [mathjaxinline]x[/mathjaxinline], [mathjaxinline]y[/mathjaxinline], and [mathjaxinline]z[/mathjaxinline] directions, respectively), as needed. </p>
<p>
<p style="display:inline">For [mathjaxinline]y\leqslant -d/2[/mathjaxinline] (below the slab), [mathjaxinline]\vec{\mathbf{B}}=[/mathjaxinline] </p>
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<p style="display:inline">For [mathjaxinline]-d/2 \leqslant y\leqslant 0[/mathjaxinline] (in the lower half of the slab), [mathjaxinline]\vec{\mathbf{B}}=[/mathjaxinline] </p>
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<p style="display:inline">For [mathjaxinline]0 \leqslant y\leqslant d/2[/mathjaxinline] (in the upper half of the slab), [mathjaxinline]\vec{\mathbf{B}}=[/mathjaxinline] </p>
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<p style="display:inline">For [mathjaxinline]y\geqslant d/2[/mathjaxinline] (above the slab), [mathjaxinline]\vec{\mathbf{B}}=[/mathjaxinline] </p>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Magnetic Field of a Toroid</h2>
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Magnetic Field of a Toroid
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A toroid has [mathjaxinline]N[/mathjaxinline] turns, and an inner radius [mathjaxinline]a[/mathjaxinline], outer radius [mathjaxinline]b[/mathjaxinline], and height [mathjaxinline]h[/mathjaxinline]. The toroid has a rectangular cross section shown in the figures below. </p>
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<img src="/assets/courseware/v1/c163e1d10be5e39b614af89081b0fef3/asset-v1:MITx+8.02.2x+2T2018+type@asset+block/images_Spring_2014_pset7_3-fig005.jpg" width="330"/>
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When a current [mathjaxinline]I[/mathjaxinline] is flowing through the toroid, what are the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field inside the toroid as a function of distance [mathjaxinline]r[/mathjaxinline] from the axis of the toroid? </p>
<p>
Write your answers using some or all of the following: mu_0 for [mathjaxinline]\mu _0[/mathjaxinline], pi for [mathjaxinline]\pi[/mathjaxinline], [mathjaxinline]N[/mathjaxinline], [mathjaxinline]r[/mathjaxinline], [mathjaxinline]a[/mathjaxinline], [mathjaxinline]b[/mathjaxinline], and [mathjaxinline]I[/mathjaxinline]. Use hatr, hattheta and hatk for [mathjaxinline]\hat{\mathbf{r}}[/mathjaxinline] (unit vector radially out for the center of the toroid), [mathjaxinline]\hat{\mathbf{\theta }}[/mathjaxinline] (unit vector tangent to direction going around the toroid clockwise as viewed from above) and [mathjaxinline]\hat{\mathbf{k}}[/mathjaxinline] (unit vector in the vertical direction), respectively. As shown above, the current is moving in the [mathjaxinline]-\hat{\mathbf{r}}[/mathjaxinline] direction on the top, the [mathjaxinline]-\hat{\mathbf{k}}[/mathjaxinline] direction in the hole of the toroid, and in the positive radial and vertical directions on the other two sides. </p>
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<p style="display:inline">[mathjaxinline]\vec{B}(r&lt;a)=[/mathjaxinline] </p>
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<p style="display:inline">[mathjaxinline]\vec{B}(a&lt;r&lt;b) =[/mathjaxinline] </p>
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<p style="display:inline">[mathjaxinline]\vec{B} (r&gt;b) =[/mathjaxinline] </p>
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