<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-graded="True" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@vertical+block@83d0c1aa87e942cfabc897c82300a7b7" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-block-type="vertical" data-request-token="b8b721f203c311efb64302329aca76dd" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019">
<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Introduction to Holistic Design</h2>
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@html+block@542caa73536e46f78b00c47feb34fc19">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-graded="True" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@html+block@542caa73536e46f78b00c47feb34fc19" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-block-type="html" data-request-token="b8b721f203c311efb64302329aca76dd" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<h4>Introduction</h4>
<p>We begin with the design phase, which in many ways is the most fundamental, as it defines and frames the entire process and subsequent phases. The overarching objectives are to gain a better understanding of the problem being solved, defining what the product is trying to do, planning how the project may be built, and bringing together an appropriate team to accomplish these goals.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@html+block@4c2764e97dae438e9bf85addb13879e3">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-graded="True" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@html+block@4c2764e97dae438e9bf85addb13879e3" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-block-type="html" data-request-token="b8b721f203c311efb64302329aca76dd" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<h4>Holistic Approach</h4>
<p>Design has often been misconstrued as merely pertaining to aesthetic or graphic design, but in the context of this book, it more holistically constitutes the robust planning and functional specifications for the entire project. Analogous to architectural plans detailing what materials to use and how everything fits together, the health informatics design process requires an understanding of the technical components as well as the setting in which it will be implemented. The primary challenge is integrating an innovation with the established environment to yield a beneficial impact without disrupting effective processes.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-2" data-id="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@html+block@4ad56ab002dd44a598b226e2f392951d">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-graded="True" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@html+block@4ad56ab002dd44a598b226e2f392951d" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-block-type="html" data-request-token="b8b721f203c311efb64302329aca76dd" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<h4>What is "Design"?</h4>
<p>We are using the term “design” here as a catchall for many aspects of the planning process, but must emphasize the importance of these steps. Fundamentally, the design process determines requirements for development and the mechanisms for integrating a technology solution within existing environments. While this sometimes entails reproducing a technical solution that worked well in another setting, we also want to avoid replicating broken systems or attempting to force a solution into an environment merely because it uses the latest technologies. The design process hopefully leads to a deep understanding of the local environment, adapting its unique challenges and integrating with the unique workflows, leading to an effective and usable solution. </p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-3" data-id="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@html+block@95968967333c4eebb9178a4a97dd7426">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-graded="True" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@html+block@95968967333c4eebb9178a4a97dd7426" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-block-type="html" data-request-token="b8b721f203c311efb64302329aca76dd" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<p>Dr. Beth Altringer<br />Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and the Graduate School of Design</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-4" data-id="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@video+block@2ed24e76c2a048b3979194e6f42d81de">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-graded="True" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@video+block@2ed24e76c2a048b3979194e6f42d81de" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-block-type="video" data-request-token="b8b721f203c311efb64302329aca76dd" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Video"}
</script>
<h3 class="hd hd-2">Human Centered Design</h3>
<div
id="video_2ed24e76c2a048b3979194e6f42d81de"
class="video closed"
data-metadata='{"speed": null, "saveStateEnabled": false, "streams": "1.00:KCG3ni83s0E", "savedVideoPosition": 0.0, "ytTestTimeout": 1500, "generalSpeed": 1.0, "poster": "https://mitx-edx-video-meta-storage.s3.amazonaws.com/media/video-images/d99c7a54ca784a59993cf76c17600a6e.jpeg?Expires=1714132762&AWSAccessKeyId=ASIA4QDFFSURYVYNE7EX&Signature=%2BeLzVvqZ84%2BooguoRHDx8646E0o%3D&x-amz-security-token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEHQaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJHMEUCIEOJ9I6tl0HqPVRFayhvj3q07Ls2qv8zbqRYInEm4f98AiEAz7TD8IogwHQwouM4eMgUZCcnxuVxoe92k2YBwYzSzkIqwwUIvf%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARADGgw4NTkyMDU2Mzc0MTEiDEM9qMZDSjuByh2VmCqXBVclCtk%2FLgK6%2Fifpg78SiH1DfUvICueCW9iwuPM0P8TmsFqfWQrU7Io58gL%2FYHTvWfF1v85smwBumHhNFKkdI0n3CENN9ljOBZJzjNzoeYfE859NeoqjP0p72KpaJrDvpbI7xKMZarcYbkXMibhWTDgYnEp5Q5w%2FrSBcJ%2Bn1C0dARnnfqsw%2Fj3A%2B2UcCETZDzDf2mwJsdst3fyzs4hoY%2BIZbq9Dkf3Na83aoRB6OEYi1hF14hgURRC1zmJMdp4DrewW%2BQ5yxMutVt6Py7wowEPR9NAanLP5OMLBV2AXaEvlsPL2%2FmC6GwqU%2FPaKw9WMIx0WiVEmiwbDlDEAxRbncT9IjgvPCQmHrLZaaXxH9msA4p%2FpVoSE6nCRbHB06WqcsOnwMmdZMc%2B20wpM2xDI%2F%2B%2FuLZ%2FaNTNNauhdc5MXGoVam%2Bcsh9ottVBfmiRjpq%2BIqT0xbQAi5g%2BiDNShm6TxTMrLwmKAoludtioBgWgMlk7WM7X%2FNmFE4%2FUgk0GhAiJ2wXt59FnemCVqR66aYHQFy2POA7sMTIF%2FzhMzXpMXjNNG1rmEbP29PXrlVoDbHMxw4qhdLfw6SqGOh88d5SPZ2zrUEdb5rRrq6pZpYmzaN2HwZbpbUbNoDErd3bu0tUMjhS7yrVRkyl1Mnp8GVJcxQ%2BCae%2FYIJbAW3ItJaX%2FLCN%2Fb8W8bL1iLWxkj9JWrVQXRkb4p6HHzNchEbeotgac5OLImzHEyUbf8ZHi4iz68sR1znXHWePU4TnasdkXrfEp%2BHpLmRBAXg22s29bvoIvBjpSd7oEIU7nKH6h3%2FCMQNGm9nZANfw1PvrRib83i8WK4%2B1H3%2FDfCrmVB7KSHhd5VrTVO1lDerDEzUrFpRDelDP8zY94j5VlR%2FgTCNoa6xBjqxAQvaiC9nYWTwe0FXjk0%2FHAlAC4BUG1bGhw%2BPUcbyRgdSzb%2BcafYewtjbD5dyH8J4Zcji4Teb%2BoFVHY0nIvQrGvQjnqC7%2FUjQtFYpaA53ofXUsmO4BXXy0a%2Big%2Fx4jjSYg9fL4DuIqxrv82G%2FU6KJwLPDb0wgOskPkTz8y5lj1uJ9GG%2BoydkjnEwBHKXYkU02292%2FnO112S1Z534yGJ479xHTIt5hvQ%2BMjuhKwh9%2BhO%2F5iA%3D%3D", "publishCompletionUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@video+block@2ed24e76c2a048b3979194e6f42d81de/handler/publish_completion", "completionEnabled": false, "autoplay": false, "completionPercentage": 0.95, "captionDataDir": null, "duration": 0.0, "saveStateUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@video+block@2ed24e76c2a048b3979194e6f42d81de/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state", "ytApiUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api", "start": 0.0, "transcriptLanguage": "en", "lmsRootURL": "https://openlearninglibrary.mit.edu", "prioritizeHls": false, "autoAdvance": false, "transcriptLanguages": {"en": "English"}, "autohideHtml5": false, "transcriptTranslationUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@video+block@2ed24e76c2a048b3979194e6f42d81de/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__", "transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@video+block@2ed24e76c2a048b3979194e6f42d81de/handler/transcript/available_translations", "ytMetadataEndpoint": "", "recordedYoutubeIsAvailable": true, "sources": ["https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MITHST932017-V005600_DTH.mp4", "https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MITHST932017-V005600/MITHST932017-V005600.m3u8"], "showCaptions": "true", "end": 0.0}'
data-bumper-metadata='null'
data-autoadvance-enabled="False"
data-poster='null'
tabindex="-1"
>
<div class="focus_grabber first"></div>
<div class="tc-wrapper">
<div class="video-wrapper">
<span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span>
<span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span>
<div class="video-player-pre"></div>
<div class="video-player">
<div id="2ed24e76c2a048b3979194e6f42d81de"></div>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden">
Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser.
</h4>
</div>
<div class="video-player-post"></div>
<div class="closed-captions"></div>
<div class="video-controls is-hidden">
<div>
<div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div>
<div class="secondary-controls"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="focus_grabber last"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-5" data-id="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@html+block@1063de8ad154495b94985f407da39831">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-graded="True" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@html+block@1063de8ad154495b94985f407da39831" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-block-type="html" data-request-token="b8b721f203c311efb64302329aca76dd" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<h4>Essential Components</h4>
<p>The essential components of the design process include those described below.</p>
<ul>
<li><b>Forming the Idea</b><br />Determining what problem to solve is almost as important as the actual solution. Targeting the wrong problem can lead to wasted time and avoidable revisions. For optimal impact, it is most crucial to generate ideas that will have a positive effect on health rather than simply being a solution using the latest technologies.</li>
<li><b>Bringing Together the Team</b><br />Team makeup is ultimately the most significant indicator for project success. Health care is inordinately complicated, involving many more sectors than just the practice of clinical medicine (operations, logistics, finance, and legal, to name a few). The best teams combine multidisciplinary perspectives, leading to holistic and effective solutions. It is paramount to either include in the process or consider deeply the perspectives of all stakeholders, as their compliance or engagement will be crucial to success.</li>
<li><b>Planning the Project</b><br /> Any substantial project will require significant coordination and planning. With a technology project, this includes coordinating the disparate development teams through the design and development stages. Depending on the scope of the project, this may include clinical testing through a pilot or business-model validation. There should be early considerations for sustainability and how the project may continue to make an impact in the long term.</li>
<li><b>Architecting a Solution</b><br />An initial system architecture should be considered early in order to better inform other steps. Identifying key system components will identify necessary technical skill sets and expertise that will be required to include on the team. This will allow for early feasibility input and set reasonable expectations for what technology can accomplish. During the design stage, it is also important to identify the flow of data and information and how any technical solution integrates with existing workflows.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-6" data-id="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@html+block@3a808324b3c2480db25668c00b95fcc0">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-graded="True" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@html+block@3a808324b3c2480db25668c00b95fcc0" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-block-type="html" data-request-token="b8b721f203c311efb64302329aca76dd" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<h4>Flexible Process</h4>
<p>There are many different ways for a project to get started, perhaps driven by a governmental organization attempting to control an outbreak or escalating societal costs, an NGO targeting proposals within their mission purview, entrepreneurs trying to make a positive impact with their work, or driven by popular demand to solve a pressing need. Thus, some steps may be predetermined or preempted, but every project needs to complete the design process to identify gaps and needs.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-7" data-id="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@problem+block@a096b10b6ceb4eb18587a9476b99c30d">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-has-score="True" data-runtime-version="1" data-graded="True" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@problem+block@a096b10b6ceb4eb18587a9476b99c30d" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-block-type="problem" data-request-token="b8b721f203c311efb64302329aca76dd" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Problem"}
</script>
<div id="problem_a096b10b6ceb4eb18587a9476b99c30d" class="problems-wrapper" role="group"
aria-labelledby="a096b10b6ceb4eb18587a9476b99c30d-problem-title"
data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@problem+block@a096b10b6ceb4eb18587a9476b99c30d" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@problem+block@a096b10b6ceb4eb18587a9476b99c30d/handler/xmodule_handler"
data-problem-score="0"
data-problem-total-possible="1"
data-attempts-used="0"
data-content="
<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="a096b10b6ceb4eb18587a9476b99c30d-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@problem+block@a096b10b6ceb4eb18587a9476b99c30d-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Unit Exercise
</h3>
<div class="problem-progress" id="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@problem+block@a096b10b6ceb4eb18587a9476b99c30d-problem-progress"></div>
<div class="problem">
<div>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_a096b10b6ceb4eb18587a9476b99c30d_2_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_a096b10b6ceb4eb18587a9476b99c30d_2_1">
<legend id="a096b10b6ceb4eb18587a9476b99c30d_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">What do we mean by the health informatics "Design Process"?</legend>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_a096b10b6ceb4eb18587a9476b99c30d_2_1" id="input_a096b10b6ceb4eb18587a9476b99c30d_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="a096b10b6ceb4eb18587a9476b99c30d_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_a096b10b6ceb4eb18587a9476b99c30d_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_a096b10b6ceb4eb18587a9476b99c30d_2_1"> Catchall for many aspects of the planning process, including gathering requirements for development and the mechanisms for integrating a technology solution within existing environments
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_a096b10b6ceb4eb18587a9476b99c30d_2_1" id="input_a096b10b6ceb4eb18587a9476b99c30d_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="a096b10b6ceb4eb18587a9476b99c30d_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_a096b10b6ceb4eb18587a9476b99c30d_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_a096b10b6ceb4eb18587a9476b99c30d_2_1"> Graphical representation of buttons and UI elements
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_a096b10b6ceb4eb18587a9476b99c30d_2_1" id="input_a096b10b6ceb4eb18587a9476b99c30d_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="a096b10b6ceb4eb18587a9476b99c30d_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_a096b10b6ceb4eb18587a9476b99c30d_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_a096b10b6ceb4eb18587a9476b99c30d_2_1"> How a designer is able to build a screenshot
</label>
</div>
<span id="answer_a096b10b6ceb4eb18587a9476b99c30d_2_1"/>
</fieldset>
<div class="indicator-container">
<span class="status unanswered" id="status_a096b10b6ceb4eb18587a9476b99c30d_2_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered.">
<span class="sr">unanswered</span><span class="status-icon" aria-hidden="true"/>
</span>
</div>
</div></div>
</div>
<div class="action">
<input type="hidden" name="problem_id" value="Unit Exercise" />
<div class="submit-attempt-container">
<button type="button" class="submit btn-brand" data-submitting="Submitting" data-value="Submit" data-should-enable-submit-button="True" aria-describedby="submission_feedback_a096b10b6ceb4eb18587a9476b99c30d" >
<span class="submit-label">Submit</span>
</button>
<div class="submission-feedback" id="submission_feedback_a096b10b6ceb4eb18587a9476b99c30d">
<span class="sr">Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="problem-action-buttons-wrapper">
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-gentle-alert
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-exclamation-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="a096b10b6ceb4eb18587a9476b99c30d-problem-title">
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-save
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-save" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="a096b10b6ceb4eb18587a9476b99c30d-problem-title">None
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification general notification-show-answer
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-info-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="a096b10b6ceb4eb18587a9476b99c30d-problem-title">Answers are displayed within the problem
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
"
data-graded="True">
<p class="loading-spinner">
<i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
<span class="sr">Loading…</span>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-graded="True" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@vertical+block@5181fbb377cb44929b189c57e19fc42d" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-block-type="vertical" data-request-token="b8b721f203c311efb64302329aca76dd" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019">
<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">The Health Informatics Design Process</h2>
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@video+block@129a3ef3a9dc480f8fa2c9a872836232">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-graded="True" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@video+block@129a3ef3a9dc480f8fa2c9a872836232" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-block-type="video" data-request-token="b8b721f203c311efb64302329aca76dd" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Video"}
</script>
<h3 class="hd hd-2">Understand the People to Understand the Problem</h3>
<div
id="video_129a3ef3a9dc480f8fa2c9a872836232"
class="video closed"
data-metadata='{"speed": null, "saveStateEnabled": false, "streams": "1.00:7CbTZeua3O0", "savedVideoPosition": 0.0, "ytTestTimeout": 1500, "generalSpeed": 1.0, "poster": "https://mitx-edx-video-meta-storage.s3.amazonaws.com/media/video-images/372e80d8d1d64959b0d01a63c6f4cf8f.jpeg?Expires=1714132763&AWSAccessKeyId=ASIA4QDFFSURYVYNE7EX&Signature=azf8QojSMILKwn67U7SzTmGGLdU%3D&x-amz-security-token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEHQaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJHMEUCIEOJ9I6tl0HqPVRFayhvj3q07Ls2qv8zbqRYInEm4f98AiEAz7TD8IogwHQwouM4eMgUZCcnxuVxoe92k2YBwYzSzkIqwwUIvf%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARADGgw4NTkyMDU2Mzc0MTEiDEM9qMZDSjuByh2VmCqXBVclCtk%2FLgK6%2Fifpg78SiH1DfUvICueCW9iwuPM0P8TmsFqfWQrU7Io58gL%2FYHTvWfF1v85smwBumHhNFKkdI0n3CENN9ljOBZJzjNzoeYfE859NeoqjP0p72KpaJrDvpbI7xKMZarcYbkXMibhWTDgYnEp5Q5w%2FrSBcJ%2Bn1C0dARnnfqsw%2Fj3A%2B2UcCETZDzDf2mwJsdst3fyzs4hoY%2BIZbq9Dkf3Na83aoRB6OEYi1hF14hgURRC1zmJMdp4DrewW%2BQ5yxMutVt6Py7wowEPR9NAanLP5OMLBV2AXaEvlsPL2%2FmC6GwqU%2FPaKw9WMIx0WiVEmiwbDlDEAxRbncT9IjgvPCQmHrLZaaXxH9msA4p%2FpVoSE6nCRbHB06WqcsOnwMmdZMc%2B20wpM2xDI%2F%2B%2FuLZ%2FaNTNNauhdc5MXGoVam%2Bcsh9ottVBfmiRjpq%2BIqT0xbQAi5g%2BiDNShm6TxTMrLwmKAoludtioBgWgMlk7WM7X%2FNmFE4%2FUgk0GhAiJ2wXt59FnemCVqR66aYHQFy2POA7sMTIF%2FzhMzXpMXjNNG1rmEbP29PXrlVoDbHMxw4qhdLfw6SqGOh88d5SPZ2zrUEdb5rRrq6pZpYmzaN2HwZbpbUbNoDErd3bu0tUMjhS7yrVRkyl1Mnp8GVJcxQ%2BCae%2FYIJbAW3ItJaX%2FLCN%2Fb8W8bL1iLWxkj9JWrVQXRkb4p6HHzNchEbeotgac5OLImzHEyUbf8ZHi4iz68sR1znXHWePU4TnasdkXrfEp%2BHpLmRBAXg22s29bvoIvBjpSd7oEIU7nKH6h3%2FCMQNGm9nZANfw1PvrRib83i8WK4%2B1H3%2FDfCrmVB7KSHhd5VrTVO1lDerDEzUrFpRDelDP8zY94j5VlR%2FgTCNoa6xBjqxAQvaiC9nYWTwe0FXjk0%2FHAlAC4BUG1bGhw%2BPUcbyRgdSzb%2BcafYewtjbD5dyH8J4Zcji4Teb%2BoFVHY0nIvQrGvQjnqC7%2FUjQtFYpaA53ofXUsmO4BXXy0a%2Big%2Fx4jjSYg9fL4DuIqxrv82G%2FU6KJwLPDb0wgOskPkTz8y5lj1uJ9GG%2BoydkjnEwBHKXYkU02292%2FnO112S1Z534yGJ479xHTIt5hvQ%2BMjuhKwh9%2BhO%2F5iA%3D%3D", "publishCompletionUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@video+block@129a3ef3a9dc480f8fa2c9a872836232/handler/publish_completion", "completionEnabled": false, "autoplay": false, "completionPercentage": 0.95, "captionDataDir": null, "duration": 0.0, "saveStateUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@video+block@129a3ef3a9dc480f8fa2c9a872836232/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state", "ytApiUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api", "start": 0.0, "transcriptLanguage": "en", "lmsRootURL": "https://openlearninglibrary.mit.edu", "prioritizeHls": false, "autoAdvance": false, "transcriptLanguages": {"en": "English"}, "autohideHtml5": false, "transcriptTranslationUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@video+block@129a3ef3a9dc480f8fa2c9a872836232/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__", "transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@video+block@129a3ef3a9dc480f8fa2c9a872836232/handler/transcript/available_translations", "ytMetadataEndpoint": "", "recordedYoutubeIsAvailable": true, "sources": ["https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MITHST932017-V004800_DTH.mp4", "https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MITHST932017-V004800/MITHST932017-V004800.m3u8"], "showCaptions": "true", "end": 0.0}'
data-bumper-metadata='null'
data-autoadvance-enabled="False"
data-poster='null'
tabindex="-1"
>
<div class="focus_grabber first"></div>
<div class="tc-wrapper">
<div class="video-wrapper">
<span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span>
<span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span>
<div class="video-player-pre"></div>
<div class="video-player">
<div id="129a3ef3a9dc480f8fa2c9a872836232"></div>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden">
Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser.
</h4>
</div>
<div class="video-player-post"></div>
<div class="closed-captions"></div>
<div class="video-controls is-hidden">
<div>
<div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div>
<div class="secondary-controls"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="focus_grabber last"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@html+block@f036ad027bbb43dbbc97abd2a2b33c84">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-graded="True" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@html+block@f036ad027bbb43dbbc97abd2a2b33c84" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-block-type="html" data-request-token="b8b721f203c311efb64302329aca76dd" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<h4>Visual Consistency</h4>
<p>A principal challenge when thinking about the design of systems in a global health intervention is that users may have an entirely different foundation of skillsets, experience, and knowledge compared to the baseline user. Consequently, many of the ideas covered in other design courses, while still applicable and useful in the global setting, may be prioritized differently from what is commonly expected. Therefore, a rigid approach to design based on standard conventions is not advised. Assumptions that are otherwise considered established in a baseline setting—levels of user literacy, technological familiarity, and shared mental models—are now given immediate attention due to increased variability. Meanwhile, minute details—typography, use of white space and screen real estate, colors, and other design-centric considerations—typically marked with the highest priority, while still relevant and valid, no longer become primary areas of focus.</p>
<p>In a typical ICT4D project setting, the likelihood of encountering lower rates of literacy among users is far greater than what is typically considered in higher-resource settings. Focus should first be placed on content organization and flow of information, rather than specific attention to typographic detail and layout. Visual consistency ultimately takes precedence over aesthetics, as any slight variation in interface may signal a new mode of action to the user. As these changes cannot be readily explained with text, the user must rely entirely on previous experience with familiar colors, shapes, and arrangement of components when deciding how to proceed. If a change is too jarring, the user may prematurely close the application or place the tool aside due to fears of losing progress or data.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-2" data-id="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@html+block@4da9f75724154173b97af373fbdc2920">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-graded="True" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@html+block@4da9f75724154173b97af373fbdc2920" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-block-type="html" data-request-token="b8b721f203c311efb64302329aca76dd" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<h4>Mental Modeling</h4>
<p>Alongside visual consistency is regularity in the number of actions or mental modeling required at a single point or screen. Imagine an application where nearly every screen requires one level of interaction from the user to proceed—for instance, entering text then pressing a button to move to the next view. A second screen is now presented that first requires text entry in the form of a search box and then displays a filtered list below the search box. While staying within the same visual context, the user is now required to select a result to proceed to the next screen. This second screen introduces a new mental model and a feedback mechanism that establishes the possibility of two different interactions within the same context, rather than one. While subtle, this change may startle a new user encountering this workflow for the first time, especially if he or she is new to the technology encapsulating this solution—whether a mobile phone, tablet, or computer—and is unfamiliar with its established user-interaction paradigms. Rather than introducing a new mental model, a simpler approach would be to first present a screen with the search box and then move to a new screen for item selection after text to the search box was submitted. Of course, depending on the application, this may disrupt the forward linear progression of interactions, as the user may need to move backward to change the text in the search box. Regardless, this change of model is something to be aware of when designing solutions. It’s generally best to select the simplest workflow and, if necessary, only branch out to workflows most commonly used by other solutions utilizing the same core technology.</p>
<p>However, familiarity with the core technology in general may vary greatly with culture, regardless of similarities in age or socioeconomic background. For instance, users from villages in rural India have had access and availability to mobile phones and smartphones for a greater period of time compared to users of similar economic, gender, and educational backgrounds in rural Africa. Consequently, these users are likely to be more comfortable with a greater variety of mental models required for interacting with core technologies supporting various ICT4D solutions, and may adapt more easily to changes in mental modeling states or utilizations of established workflow patterns.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-3" data-id="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@problem+block@60c4cae3552f45128e4225eadd668b45">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-has-score="True" data-runtime-version="1" data-graded="True" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@problem+block@60c4cae3552f45128e4225eadd668b45" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-block-type="problem" data-request-token="b8b721f203c311efb64302329aca76dd" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Problem"}
</script>
<div id="problem_60c4cae3552f45128e4225eadd668b45" class="problems-wrapper" role="group"
aria-labelledby="60c4cae3552f45128e4225eadd668b45-problem-title"
data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@problem+block@60c4cae3552f45128e4225eadd668b45" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@problem+block@60c4cae3552f45128e4225eadd668b45/handler/xmodule_handler"
data-problem-score="0"
data-problem-total-possible="1"
data-attempts-used="0"
data-content="
<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="60c4cae3552f45128e4225eadd668b45-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@problem+block@60c4cae3552f45128e4225eadd668b45-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Unit Exercise
</h3>
<div class="problem-progress" id="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@problem+block@60c4cae3552f45128e4225eadd668b45-problem-progress"></div>
<div class="problem">
<div>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_60c4cae3552f45128e4225eadd668b45_2_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_60c4cae3552f45128e4225eadd668b45_2_1">
<legend id="60c4cae3552f45128e4225eadd668b45_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">What is an important aspect to consider in the localization of mental modeling?</legend>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_60c4cae3552f45128e4225eadd668b45_2_1" id="input_60c4cae3552f45128e4225eadd668b45_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="60c4cae3552f45128e4225eadd668b45_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_60c4cae3552f45128e4225eadd668b45_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_60c4cae3552f45128e4225eadd668b45_2_1"> Focus should be first placed on content organization and flow of information
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_60c4cae3552f45128e4225eadd668b45_2_1" id="input_60c4cae3552f45128e4225eadd668b45_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="60c4cae3552f45128e4225eadd668b45_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_60c4cae3552f45128e4225eadd668b45_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_60c4cae3552f45128e4225eadd668b45_2_1"> Familiarity with technology may vary greatly with culture, regardless of similarities in age or socieconomic background
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_60c4cae3552f45128e4225eadd668b45_2_1" id="input_60c4cae3552f45128e4225eadd668b45_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="60c4cae3552f45128e4225eadd668b45_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_60c4cae3552f45128e4225eadd668b45_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_60c4cae3552f45128e4225eadd668b45_2_1"> Rigid approach to design based on standards will help lead to more universal interfaces
</label>
</div>
<span id="answer_60c4cae3552f45128e4225eadd668b45_2_1"/>
</fieldset>
<div class="indicator-container">
<span class="status unanswered" id="status_60c4cae3552f45128e4225eadd668b45_2_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered.">
<span class="sr">unanswered</span><span class="status-icon" aria-hidden="true"/>
</span>
</div>
</div></div>
</div>
<div class="action">
<input type="hidden" name="problem_id" value="Unit Exercise" />
<div class="submit-attempt-container">
<button type="button" class="submit btn-brand" data-submitting="Submitting" data-value="Submit" data-should-enable-submit-button="True" aria-describedby="submission_feedback_60c4cae3552f45128e4225eadd668b45" >
<span class="submit-label">Submit</span>
</button>
<div class="submission-feedback" id="submission_feedback_60c4cae3552f45128e4225eadd668b45">
<span class="sr">Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="problem-action-buttons-wrapper">
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-gentle-alert
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-exclamation-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="60c4cae3552f45128e4225eadd668b45-problem-title">
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-save
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-save" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="60c4cae3552f45128e4225eadd668b45-problem-title">None
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification general notification-show-answer
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-info-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="60c4cae3552f45128e4225eadd668b45-problem-title">Answers are displayed within the problem
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
"
data-graded="True">
<p class="loading-spinner">
<i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
<span class="sr">Loading…</span>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-graded="True" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@vertical+block@da6a8030e6a6445eb5a00c12e761ed5f" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-block-type="vertical" data-request-token="b8b721f203c311efb64302329aca76dd" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019">
<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Essential Recommendations</h2>
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@html+block@4f57d8339f2d4c11bdc6508b1109a1fa">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-graded="True" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@html+block@4f57d8339f2d4c11bdc6508b1109a1fa" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-block-type="html" data-request-token="b8b721f203c311efb64302329aca76dd" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<h4>Recommendations</h4>
<p>Before any technology development begins, we must first determine the required components through an intensive design process. This section is not a detailed process manual to be followed step by step, nor is it an explicit implementation of the various “design thinking,” “human centered design,” or “integrative thinking” processes, which are excellent models to follow. Instead, we present here the crucial elements to consider when integrating an informatics solution in a global health environment. The primary focus on quality improvement brings attention to capturing and communicating the right information, while also connecting to the workflow loop for appropriate clinical intervention. Equally important, we must focus on making applications easy to use in order to encourage adoption and sustainability. In order to accomplish these challenging, often conflicting goals, we recommend incorporating the following mechanisms into your design process.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@html+block@5daff7942fd2451e803d8af202b220c8">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-graded="True" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@html+block@5daff7942fd2451e803d8af202b220c8" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-block-type="html" data-request-token="b8b721f203c311efb64302329aca76dd" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<h4>Stakeholder Analysis</h4>
<p>Understanding the key players involved with an intervention is central to deploying a usable and effective solution. This goes beyond just end users to include anyone that is involved in the health care delivery process for your intervention.</p>
<p>When considering other stakeholders to design for, it is important to be comprehensive in considering who else is in the process. This means not just individual end users of the technology but any individual or organization involved in the process, directly or indirectly, since they can have a significant influence on the design of the solution. It is helpful to consider any group that can influence the funding, implementation, or public policy around an intervention. Common stakeholders to recognize include providers who deliver care, payers who reimburse for procedures or care delivery, funders who may fund the overall pilot program, or governmental organizations that establish public policy or drive health initiatives. Each of these groups can have a significant impact on the sustainable success of an intervention, while not considering any single one can obstruct project progress regardless of the success of other aspects. For example, even with a successful clinical pilot and evidence of quality improvement, if the local government does not provide supportive public policies or instantiates prohibitive policies in regard to data or treatment regulations, an intervention cannot be scaled up.</p>
<p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-2" data-id="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@html+block@aaf111c9385743ea9b0dfcc08f63c5cd">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-graded="True" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@html+block@aaf111c9385743ea9b0dfcc08f63c5cd" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-block-type="html" data-request-token="b8b721f203c311efb64302329aca76dd" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<h4>Workflow Integration</h4>
<p>Any technical innovation needs to be thoughtfully integrated within the clinical workflow. Rather than designing around a novel technology, it’s often constructive to begin with the clinical intervention and analyze where technology can play a role and improve processes. At the outset, it is helpful to investigate any significant barriers to implementation, such as preexisting systems, user hesitance, immutable processes, or insufficient human resources.</p>
<p>An aspect of workflow integration is a strong emphasis on workflow efficiency. Clinicians are notoriously overworked, with limited time and significant amounts spent on documentation already. As much as possible, any innovation needs to avoid adding work or the solution won’t be adopted by the clinician user base, nearly regardless of the potential benefit. Therefore, it is imperative to design efficient clinical interfaces that minimize the amount of additional work, with improving efficiency an ideal objective. An important caveat comes from including the previous recommendation of end-user analysis, where the clinician users will likely have different biases toward what interface improves efficiency from the implementing engineers, so it is prudent to include clinicians in the design process.</p>
<p>Most importantly, for any mHealth solution to yield a lasting impact, it must be directly tied to quality improvement. This requires “closing the loop” with a clinical intervention, so it is strongly recommended that a holistically designed intervention connect the informatics innovation with the clinical process. This is a challenging proposition, and it requires clinicians to collaborate closely with technologists to push the envelope of combining what is technically feasible with what can make a clinical impact.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-3" data-id="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@video+block@b57c1c3e1ebc43c8a27a853ae4ce4133">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-graded="True" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@video+block@b57c1c3e1ebc43c8a27a853ae4ce4133" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-block-type="video" data-request-token="b8b721f203c311efb64302329aca76dd" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Video"}
</script>
<h3 class="hd hd-2">Domain Expertise</h3>
<div
id="video_b57c1c3e1ebc43c8a27a853ae4ce4133"
class="video closed"
data-metadata='{"speed": null, "saveStateEnabled": false, "streams": "1.00:a7aAMaEq59Y", "savedVideoPosition": 0.0, "ytTestTimeout": 1500, "generalSpeed": 1.0, "poster": "https://mitx-edx-video-meta-storage.s3.amazonaws.com/media/video-images/99166e70554b42ec98871afd44bb0d85.jpeg?Expires=1714132763&AWSAccessKeyId=ASIA4QDFFSURYVYNE7EX&Signature=1bxfUc9TD3r%2FfebNq5kXO%2FajHEM%3D&x-amz-security-token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEHQaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJHMEUCIEOJ9I6tl0HqPVRFayhvj3q07Ls2qv8zbqRYInEm4f98AiEAz7TD8IogwHQwouM4eMgUZCcnxuVxoe92k2YBwYzSzkIqwwUIvf%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARADGgw4NTkyMDU2Mzc0MTEiDEM9qMZDSjuByh2VmCqXBVclCtk%2FLgK6%2Fifpg78SiH1DfUvICueCW9iwuPM0P8TmsFqfWQrU7Io58gL%2FYHTvWfF1v85smwBumHhNFKkdI0n3CENN9ljOBZJzjNzoeYfE859NeoqjP0p72KpaJrDvpbI7xKMZarcYbkXMibhWTDgYnEp5Q5w%2FrSBcJ%2Bn1C0dARnnfqsw%2Fj3A%2B2UcCETZDzDf2mwJsdst3fyzs4hoY%2BIZbq9Dkf3Na83aoRB6OEYi1hF14hgURRC1zmJMdp4DrewW%2BQ5yxMutVt6Py7wowEPR9NAanLP5OMLBV2AXaEvlsPL2%2FmC6GwqU%2FPaKw9WMIx0WiVEmiwbDlDEAxRbncT9IjgvPCQmHrLZaaXxH9msA4p%2FpVoSE6nCRbHB06WqcsOnwMmdZMc%2B20wpM2xDI%2F%2B%2FuLZ%2FaNTNNauhdc5MXGoVam%2Bcsh9ottVBfmiRjpq%2BIqT0xbQAi5g%2BiDNShm6TxTMrLwmKAoludtioBgWgMlk7WM7X%2FNmFE4%2FUgk0GhAiJ2wXt59FnemCVqR66aYHQFy2POA7sMTIF%2FzhMzXpMXjNNG1rmEbP29PXrlVoDbHMxw4qhdLfw6SqGOh88d5SPZ2zrUEdb5rRrq6pZpYmzaN2HwZbpbUbNoDErd3bu0tUMjhS7yrVRkyl1Mnp8GVJcxQ%2BCae%2FYIJbAW3ItJaX%2FLCN%2Fb8W8bL1iLWxkj9JWrVQXRkb4p6HHzNchEbeotgac5OLImzHEyUbf8ZHi4iz68sR1znXHWePU4TnasdkXrfEp%2BHpLmRBAXg22s29bvoIvBjpSd7oEIU7nKH6h3%2FCMQNGm9nZANfw1PvrRib83i8WK4%2B1H3%2FDfCrmVB7KSHhd5VrTVO1lDerDEzUrFpRDelDP8zY94j5VlR%2FgTCNoa6xBjqxAQvaiC9nYWTwe0FXjk0%2FHAlAC4BUG1bGhw%2BPUcbyRgdSzb%2BcafYewtjbD5dyH8J4Zcji4Teb%2BoFVHY0nIvQrGvQjnqC7%2FUjQtFYpaA53ofXUsmO4BXXy0a%2Big%2Fx4jjSYg9fL4DuIqxrv82G%2FU6KJwLPDb0wgOskPkTz8y5lj1uJ9GG%2BoydkjnEwBHKXYkU02292%2FnO112S1Z534yGJ479xHTIt5hvQ%2BMjuhKwh9%2BhO%2F5iA%3D%3D", "publishCompletionUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@video+block@b57c1c3e1ebc43c8a27a853ae4ce4133/handler/publish_completion", "completionEnabled": false, "autoplay": false, "completionPercentage": 0.95, "captionDataDir": null, "duration": 0.0, "saveStateUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@video+block@b57c1c3e1ebc43c8a27a853ae4ce4133/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state", "ytApiUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api", "start": 0.0, "transcriptLanguage": "en", "lmsRootURL": "https://openlearninglibrary.mit.edu", "prioritizeHls": false, "autoAdvance": false, "transcriptLanguages": {"en": "English"}, "autohideHtml5": false, "transcriptTranslationUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@video+block@b57c1c3e1ebc43c8a27a853ae4ce4133/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__", "transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@video+block@b57c1c3e1ebc43c8a27a853ae4ce4133/handler/transcript/available_translations", "ytMetadataEndpoint": "", "recordedYoutubeIsAvailable": true, "sources": ["https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MITHST932017-V005100_DTH.mp4", "https://d2f1egay8yehza.cloudfront.net/MITHST932017-V005100/MITHST932017-V005100.m3u8"], "showCaptions": "true", "end": 0.0}'
data-bumper-metadata='null'
data-autoadvance-enabled="False"
data-poster='null'
tabindex="-1"
>
<div class="focus_grabber first"></div>
<div class="tc-wrapper">
<div class="video-wrapper">
<span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span>
<span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span>
<div class="video-player-pre"></div>
<div class="video-player">
<div id="b57c1c3e1ebc43c8a27a853ae4ce4133"></div>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden">
Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser.
</h4>
</div>
<div class="video-player-post"></div>
<div class="closed-captions"></div>
<div class="video-controls is-hidden">
<div>
<div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div>
<div class="secondary-controls"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="focus_grabber last"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-4" data-id="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@html+block@99704818f3b942ccbd23e6f4e0fdc709">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-version="1" data-graded="True" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@html+block@99704818f3b942ccbd23e6f4e0fdc709" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-block-type="html" data-request-token="b8b721f203c311efb64302329aca76dd" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<h4>Rapid Interation</h4>
<p>The final recommendation is to learn during the design process and adapt and adjust accordingly throughout development in order to facilitate the best outcomes. This can be built into the process through prototype validation and rapid iteration. For prototype validation, this might include planned “proofs of concept,” which are small prototypes that attempt to answer any significant questions from the design stage. These can be as varied as a questionnaire to determine target users’ needs or acceptance of a new technology, to a technical prototype validating an exchange protocol. Another possibility includes mockups or screenshots to test usability for a target audience. These prototypes should test and validate or disprove questions so you can adjust your plan early rather than be caught delivering an ineffective project.</p>
<p>Even after the design stage, if possible it is recommended to implement a process of rapid iteration during the development phase. This entails getting feedback quickly from stakeholders in order to quickly adjust the solution. This entails not locking into what is in the technical specifications and keeping an open mind to what the feedback is telling you. The quicker the development team learns what will actually work, the less significant the impact on the ultimate development timeline or cost is likely to be.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-5" data-id="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@problem+block@ad7a8b1a3072452298e829570eb67fe3">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-has-score="True" data-runtime-version="1" data-graded="True" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@problem+block@ad7a8b1a3072452298e829570eb67fe3" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-block-type="problem" data-request-token="b8b721f203c311efb64302329aca76dd" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Problem"}
</script>
<div id="problem_ad7a8b1a3072452298e829570eb67fe3" class="problems-wrapper" role="group"
aria-labelledby="ad7a8b1a3072452298e829570eb67fe3-problem-title"
data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@problem+block@ad7a8b1a3072452298e829570eb67fe3" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@problem+block@ad7a8b1a3072452298e829570eb67fe3/handler/xmodule_handler"
data-problem-score="0"
data-problem-total-possible="1"
data-attempts-used="0"
data-content="
<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="ad7a8b1a3072452298e829570eb67fe3-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@problem+block@ad7a8b1a3072452298e829570eb67fe3-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Unit Exercise
</h3>
<div class="problem-progress" id="block-v1:MITx+HST.936x+1T2019+type@problem+block@ad7a8b1a3072452298e829570eb67fe3-problem-progress"></div>
<div class="problem">
<div>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_ad7a8b1a3072452298e829570eb67fe3_2_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_ad7a8b1a3072452298e829570eb67fe3_2_1 description_ad7a8b1a3072452298e829570eb67fe3_1_1">
<legend id="ad7a8b1a3072452298e829570eb67fe3_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Carefully designed workflow integration is critical in order to:</legend>
<p class="question-description" id="description_ad7a8b1a3072452298e829570eb67fe3_1_1"> Select all that apply</p>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_ad7a8b1a3072452298e829570eb67fe3_2_1[]" id="input_ad7a8b1a3072452298e829570eb67fe3_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_0"/><label id="ad7a8b1a3072452298e829570eb67fe3_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_ad7a8b1a3072452298e829570eb67fe3_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_ad7a8b1a3072452298e829570eb67fe3_2_1 description_ad7a8b1a3072452298e829570eb67fe3_1_1"> Ensure the technology positively impacts quality outcomes
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_ad7a8b1a3072452298e829570eb67fe3_2_1[]" id="input_ad7a8b1a3072452298e829570eb67fe3_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_1"/><label id="ad7a8b1a3072452298e829570eb67fe3_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_ad7a8b1a3072452298e829570eb67fe3_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_ad7a8b1a3072452298e829570eb67fe3_2_1 description_ad7a8b1a3072452298e829570eb67fe3_1_1"> Make sure that the administrators get paid
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_ad7a8b1a3072452298e829570eb67fe3_2_1[]" id="input_ad7a8b1a3072452298e829570eb67fe3_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_2"/><label id="ad7a8b1a3072452298e829570eb67fe3_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_ad7a8b1a3072452298e829570eb67fe3_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_ad7a8b1a3072452298e829570eb67fe3_2_1 description_ad7a8b1a3072452298e829570eb67fe3_1_1"> Minimize added work for clinicians
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_ad7a8b1a3072452298e829570eb67fe3_2_1[]" id="input_ad7a8b1a3072452298e829570eb67fe3_2_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_3"/><label id="ad7a8b1a3072452298e829570eb67fe3_2_1-choice_3-label" for="input_ad7a8b1a3072452298e829570eb67fe3_2_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_ad7a8b1a3072452298e829570eb67fe3_2_1 description_ad7a8b1a3072452298e829570eb67fe3_1_1"> Reduce the number of health care workers in the system
</label>
</div>
<span id="answer_ad7a8b1a3072452298e829570eb67fe3_2_1"/>
</fieldset>
<div class="indicator-container">
<span class="status unanswered" id="status_ad7a8b1a3072452298e829570eb67fe3_2_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered.">
<span class="sr">unanswered</span><span class="status-icon" aria-hidden="true"/>
</span>
</div>
</div></div>
</div>
<div class="action">
<input type="hidden" name="problem_id" value="Unit Exercise" />
<div class="submit-attempt-container">
<button type="button" class="submit btn-brand" data-submitting="Submitting" data-value="Submit" data-should-enable-submit-button="True" aria-describedby="submission_feedback_ad7a8b1a3072452298e829570eb67fe3" >
<span class="submit-label">Submit</span>
</button>
<div class="submission-feedback" id="submission_feedback_ad7a8b1a3072452298e829570eb67fe3">
<span class="sr">Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="problem-action-buttons-wrapper">
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-gentle-alert
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-exclamation-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="ad7a8b1a3072452298e829570eb67fe3-problem-title">
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-save
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-save" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="ad7a8b1a3072452298e829570eb67fe3-problem-title">None
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification general notification-show-answer
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-info-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="ad7a8b1a3072452298e829570eb67fe3-problem-title">Answers are displayed within the problem
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
"
data-graded="True">
<p class="loading-spinner">
<i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
<span class="sr">Loading…</span>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
© All Rights Reserved