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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Transition II: From Hibiya to Shiseido</h2>
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<h3>Transition II: From Hibiya to Shiseido</h3>
<p>The Hibiya Riot of 1905 sparked a series of popular protests over the following decades, and also heralded an era of popular political movements, labor activism, and heightened social conflict. These developments were not unique to Japan, and as a result the visual record reflects a cosmopolitan modernity characteristic of the early-twentieth century around the world.</p>
<p>We will look at some of these themes today and tomorrow by exploring the archive of the Ōhara Institute for Social Research, which we will introduce at the end of today’s lesson. We will then turn to woodblock prints of the “New Tokyo” to visualize the bustling commercial and cultural capital of imperial Japan.</p>
<p>In this transition, you will be asked to watch the videos and answer the short comprehension questions that follow. There will not be any major visual assessments.</p>
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<figure>
<p><img src="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/protest_interwar_japan/gal/pij_all/thumbnails/b084_1928_PA0084.jpg" alt="campaign poster showing silhouette of man holding up paper in front of red sun" type="saveimage" target="[object Object]" preventdefault="function (){i.isDefaultPrevented=n}" stoppropagation="function (){i.isPropagationStopped=n}" stopimmediatepropagation="function (){i.isImmediatePropagationStopped=n}" isdefaultprevented="function t(){return!1}" ispropagationstopped="function t(){return!1}" isimmediatepropagationstopped="function t(){return!1}" width="327" height="491" /><img src="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/protest_interwar_japan/gal/pij_all/thumbnails/b083_1928_PA0083.jpg" alt="" type="saveimage" target="[object Object]" preventdefault="function (){i.isDefaultPrevented=n}" stoppropagation="function (){i.isPropagationStopped=n}" stopimmediatepropagation="function (){i.isImmediatePropagationStopped=n}" isdefaultprevented="function t(){return!1}" ispropagationstopped="function t(){return!1}" isimmediatepropagationstopped="function t(){return!1}" width="326" height="491" /></p>
<figcaption>
<p>Ano Yaichirō. <em>Campaign posters for Imai Kakō</em>. 1928. Ōhara Institute for Social Research. <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/" target="[object Object]">CC BY NC SA</a>. [Left: <a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/protest_interwar_japan/gal/pij_all/images/b084_1928_PA0084.jpg" target="[object Object]">PA0084</a> Right: <a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/protest_interwar_japan/gal/pij_all/images/b083_1928_PA0083.jpg" target="[object Object]">PA0083</a>]</p>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Short-Run Aftermath: the Era of Popular Riot</h2>
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<h3>Short-Run Aftermath: The Era of Popular Riot</h3>
<p>The Hibiya Riot was the first of a series of riots in Tokyo. Professor Gordon outlines the contours of this period of protest in the following two videos. Answer the questions that follow.</p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Lecture 6.1: The Era of Popular Riot</h3>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Lecture 6.2: Reinventing Tradition</h3>
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<legend id="52d06936a951461f91c54608a9a246ef_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">What were some key commonalities among all the riots in the period 1905 to 1918? Check all that apply.</legend>
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_52d06936a951461f91c54608a9a246ef_2_1[]" id="input_52d06936a951461f91c54608a9a246ef_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_0"/><label id="52d06936a951461f91c54608a9a246ef_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_52d06936a951461f91c54608a9a246ef_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_52d06936a951461f91c54608a9a246ef_2_1"> Many of them took place in Hibiya Park
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_52d06936a951461f91c54608a9a246ef_2_1[]" id="input_52d06936a951461f91c54608a9a246ef_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_1"/><label id="52d06936a951461f91c54608a9a246ef_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_52d06936a951461f91c54608a9a246ef_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_52d06936a951461f91c54608a9a246ef_2_1"> The demands articulated in 1905, whether economic, political, or diplomatic, came up again and again in subsequent riots
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_52d06936a951461f91c54608a9a246ef_2_1[]" id="input_52d06936a951461f91c54608a9a246ef_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_2"/><label id="52d06936a951461f91c54608a9a246ef_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_52d06936a951461f91c54608a9a246ef_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_52d06936a951461f91c54608a9a246ef_2_1"> The riots were similarly destructive and lawless
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Long-Run Aftermath: the Rise of Labor Unions</h2>
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<h3>Long-Run Aftermath: The Rise of Labor Unions</h3>
<p>Out of these intermittent and occasionally violent moments of mass protest emerged more sustained and organized social movements. One important and influential development was the rise of labor unions.</p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Lecture 6.3: The Rise of Moderate Labor Unions</h3>
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<img src="http://oohara.mt.tama.hosei.ac.jp/mc/pic/S1-01-003I.jpg" alt="photgraph of man standing at large table speaking to rows of men; flags of world countries hang from the ceiling"/>
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<p><em>Photo album of pictures taken during the Y&#363;aikai's fifth annual convention</em>. 1917. Photograph. &#332;hara Institute for Social Research. <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/" target="_blank">CC BY NC SA</a>. [<a href="http://oohara.mt.tama.hosei.ac.jp/mc/pic/S1-01-003I.jpg" target="_blank">S1-01-003l</a>]</p>
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<legend id="e40986de29224705aa66d1db5db605bb_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">What clues in this photograph lead Professor Gordon to conclude that the Y&#363;aikai, or Friendly Society, represented a moderate phase in the labor movement? Check all that apply.</legend>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Lecture 6.4: Radicalization of the Labor Movement</h3>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Women in the Workforce</h2>
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<h3>Women in the Workforce</h3>
<p>Women formed the majority of Japan’s industrial workforce well into the 1930s, and they similarly played a prominent role in the labor movement. We will explore women’s roles in Japanese society in more detail in the next module, but for now think about the place of women workers, both vis-à-vis their male counterparts, and in broader Japanese society.</p>
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Multiple Choice
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<img src="http://oohara.mt.tama.hosei.ac.jp/mc/pic/S1-02-066A.jpg" alt="woman in Japanese attire standing at table on dais speaking to crowd of men sitting on the floor"/>
<figcaption>
<p><em>Labor Dispute by the Union of Spinners and Dyers</em>. 1928. Photograph. &#332;hara Institute for Social Research. <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/" target="_blank">CC BY NC SA</a>. [<a href="http://oohara.mt.tama.hosei.ac.jp/mc/pic/S1-02-066A.jpg" target="_blank">S1-02-066A</a>]</p>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Archive Visit - The Ōhara Institute</h2>
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<h3>Archive Visit: Trip to the Ōhara Institute</h3>
<p>A remarkable source for studying the history of social protest in interwar Japan is the collection at the Ōhara Institute in the outskirts of Tokyo. Professors Dower and Gordon introduce the institute here, while Professor Miyagawa takes us to Tokyo to introduce us to some of the materials at Ōhara, and the scholars who work with them.</p>
<p>Those who wish to enlarge their knowledge of subjects mentioned in this unit can access the <a href="http://oohara.mt.tama.hosei.ac.jp/english/" target="_blank">database of the Ōhara Institute for Social Research</a> at Hosei University. In addition to thousands of posters and other graphics, extending into the early postwar years, this excellent website includes English captions as well as considerable English-language commentary.</p>
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<legend id="2e650a07734b43ef943a748136ed9a0c_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Who was &#332;hara Magosabur&#333;, the founder of the &#332;hara Institute? Select the best answer.</legend>
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<legend id="26775522a3524aa581d9afce1943022e_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Why is it rare and exciting to have the trove of materials at the &#332;hara Institute? Check all that apply.</legend>
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_26775522a3524aa581d9afce1943022e_2_1[]" id="input_26775522a3524aa581d9afce1943022e_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_0"/><label id="26775522a3524aa581d9afce1943022e_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_26775522a3524aa581d9afce1943022e_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_26775522a3524aa581d9afce1943022e_2_1"> Posters, flyers, and handbills are ephemeral, and rarely considered worth collecting or preserving
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_26775522a3524aa581d9afce1943022e_2_1[]" id="input_26775522a3524aa581d9afce1943022e_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_1"/><label id="26775522a3524aa581d9afce1943022e_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_26775522a3524aa581d9afce1943022e_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_26775522a3524aa581d9afce1943022e_2_1"> The materials were very expensive and rare, and thus difficult to collect
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_26775522a3524aa581d9afce1943022e_2_1[]" id="input_26775522a3524aa581d9afce1943022e_2_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_3"/><label id="26775522a3524aa581d9afce1943022e_2_1-choice_3-label" for="input_26775522a3524aa581d9afce1943022e_2_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_26775522a3524aa581d9afce1943022e_2_1"> Extremist activists attacked &#332;hara Magoshichir&#333; and destroyed most of his collection in the 1930s
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<p>Tomorrow Professors Gordon and Dower will discuss some of the posters from the Institute in more detail before turning to woodblock prints of interwar Tokyo.</p>
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