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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">American Barbarians in the Eyes of the Japanese</h2>
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<h3>American Barbarians in the Eyes of the Japanese</h3>
<p>Today we will shift gears slightly and look at Perry’s arrival from the perspective of the Japanese. As we do so, think about features that are common to images on both sides, as well as features that are very different. What does this tell us about the nature of the encounter between Perry’s men and the Japanese?</p>
<p>First, Professor Dower gives a brief overview of the political turmoil that Perry’s first visit triggered among the shogunate and daimyo.</p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Lecture 2.7: Behind the Scenes</h3>
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Multiple Choice
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<legend id="0b78649e704a4460a507c05f57d79769_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">What dilemma did the shogun face after receiving the letter from President Fillmore? Select the best answer.</legend>
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<input type="radio" name="input_0b78649e704a4460a507c05f57d79769_2_1" id="input_0b78649e704a4460a507c05f57d79769_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="0b78649e704a4460a507c05f57d79769_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_0b78649e704a4460a507c05f57d79769_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_0b78649e704a4460a507c05f57d79769_2_1"> The shogun could not conscionably act in the emperor&#8217;s name, but he also could not reveal to Perry his lack of power
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<input type="radio" name="input_0b78649e704a4460a507c05f57d79769_2_1" id="input_0b78649e704a4460a507c05f57d79769_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="0b78649e704a4460a507c05f57d79769_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_0b78649e704a4460a507c05f57d79769_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_0b78649e704a4460a507c05f57d79769_2_1"> The shogun faced widespread domestic opposition to an agreement with Perry, but he also recognized the serious military threat behind Perry&#8217;s diplomatic overture
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<p><span style="line-height: 1.6;">Recognizing he had little choice, t</span>he shogun decided to sign a treaty with Perry. This was a fateful move that would ultimately contribute to the overthrow of the existing political order.</p>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Observing Perry‘s Staff & Crew</h2>
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<h3>Observing Perry‘s Staff & Crew</h3>
<p>There are many similar images of Perry, his men, and his ships. Professor Dower discusses the extraordinary proliferation of these images in the final clip of today’s lesson.</p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Lecture 2.10: Japanese Montage</h3>
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Checkboxes
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<img src="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/black_ships_and_samurai/gallery/images/30_012b5_detail_map.jpg" alt="Japanese map of the world with Pacific Ocean and Japan in the center, Americas on the right, Europe and Africa on the left. Each continent colored with a different color."/>
</p>
<figcaption>
<p><em>Pictorial Description of American People and Steamship.</em> ca. 1854. Woodblock print. Ry&#333;senji Treasure Museum. <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/" target="[object Object]">CC BY NC SA</a>. [<a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/black_ships_and_samurai/gallery/pages/30_012b5_detail_map.htm" target="[object Object]">30_012b5_detail_map</a>]</p>
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<legend id="ee8c568ea57b44a294463ca92e8dd1e4_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">A map of the world lies in the center of the first image Professor Dower discusses. What does this map suggest about Japanese knowledge about the world at the time of Perry&#8217;s expedition? Check all that apply.</legend>
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_ee8c568ea57b44a294463ca92e8dd1e4_2_1[]" id="input_ee8c568ea57b44a294463ca92e8dd1e4_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_0"/><label id="ee8c568ea57b44a294463ca92e8dd1e4_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_ee8c568ea57b44a294463ca92e8dd1e4_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_ee8c568ea57b44a294463ca92e8dd1e4_2_1"> There was little awareness of the outside world due to more than two-hundred years of isolation
</label>
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_ee8c568ea57b44a294463ca92e8dd1e4_2_1[]" id="input_ee8c568ea57b44a294463ca92e8dd1e4_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_1"/><label id="ee8c568ea57b44a294463ca92e8dd1e4_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_ee8c568ea57b44a294463ca92e8dd1e4_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_ee8c568ea57b44a294463ca92e8dd1e4_2_1"> The Japanese knew about Western geographic concepts such as continents
</label>
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_ee8c568ea57b44a294463ca92e8dd1e4_2_1[]" id="input_ee8c568ea57b44a294463ca92e8dd1e4_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_2"/><label id="ee8c568ea57b44a294463ca92e8dd1e4_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_ee8c568ea57b44a294463ca92e8dd1e4_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_ee8c568ea57b44a294463ca92e8dd1e4_2_1"> The Japanese still believed the world was flat
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_ee8c568ea57b44a294463ca92e8dd1e4_2_1[]" id="input_ee8c568ea57b44a294463ca92e8dd1e4_2_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_3"/><label id="ee8c568ea57b44a294463ca92e8dd1e4_2_1-choice_3-label" for="input_ee8c568ea57b44a294463ca92e8dd1e4_2_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_ee8c568ea57b44a294463ca92e8dd1e4_2_1"> Despite years of seclusion, many Japanese had a grasp of world geography
</label>
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Checkboxes
</h3>
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<legend id="18f0a512a2d9492bb006451cc6849c31_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Professor Dower mentions having to give up on his initial hope that it would be possible to locate <i>all</i> the Japanese visuals depicting the Perry encounter, because they turned out to be both too voluminous and too widely dispersed throughout Japan and foreign countries as well. What does this suggest about popular Japanese reactions to Perry&#8217;s arrival? Check all that apply.</legend>
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_18f0a512a2d9492bb006451cc6849c31_2_1[]" id="input_18f0a512a2d9492bb006451cc6849c31_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_0"/><label id="18f0a512a2d9492bb006451cc6849c31_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_18f0a512a2d9492bb006451cc6849c31_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_18f0a512a2d9492bb006451cc6849c31_2_1"> Despite anxiety in high political circles, many Japanese were deeply curious about Perry and the Americans
</label>
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_18f0a512a2d9492bb006451cc6849c31_2_1[]" id="input_18f0a512a2d9492bb006451cc6849c31_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_1"/><label id="18f0a512a2d9492bb006451cc6849c31_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_18f0a512a2d9492bb006451cc6849c31_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_18f0a512a2d9492bb006451cc6849c31_2_1"> Shimoda was a major town, and so there were many people nearby able to record Perry&#8217;s visit
</label>
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_18f0a512a2d9492bb006451cc6849c31_2_1[]" id="input_18f0a512a2d9492bb006451cc6849c31_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_2"/><label id="18f0a512a2d9492bb006451cc6849c31_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_18f0a512a2d9492bb006451cc6849c31_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_18f0a512a2d9492bb006451cc6849c31_2_1"> Japan enjoyed a flourishing print culture, and current events were widely reported and discussed
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<p>Next, you have the opportunity to look at images of Perry and his crew gathered comparatively with commentary in Visual Narratives.</p>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Visual Narrative: Commodore & Crew</h2>
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<h3>Visual Narrative - Facing “West”: Commodore & Crew</h3>
<p>
<script>// <![CDATA[
var data = ['bss/18_000_Perry_Brady.jpg', 'The jowly, clean-shaven Perry captured in Mathew Brady’s famous photograph (left) is mirrored in the following woodblock prints from the time of his visit.',
'01_367w_narr_sumo.jpg', '<strong>Title:</strong> Sumo Wrestlers <br><strong>Creator:</strong> William Heine (1827-1885) <br><strong>Date:</strong> ca. 1856 <br><strong>Format:</strong> woodcut; book illustration <br><strong>Medium:</strong> ink and color on paper <br><br><strong>Source of Copywork:</strong> Perry, Matthew Calbraith. <em>Narrative of the expedition of an American squadron to the China seas and Japan : performed in the years 1852, 1853, and 1854, under the command of Commodore M.C. Perry, United States navy, by order of the government of the United States / compiled from the original notes and journals of Commodore Perry and his officers, at his request and under his supervision by Francis L. Hawks.</em> Vol. 1. Washington, D. C., 1856. <br><br><strong>Description:</strong> The official Narrative of Perry's Expedition was graced with woodcut illustrations, including details such as a Sumo wrestler next to an ornate letter 'A' in this chapter heading graphic.',
'bss/18_000a_detail_Perry.jpg', '<strong>Title:</strong> Sumo detail from Pictoral Description of American People and Steamship <br><strong>Title Variant:</strong> Gasshūkoku junbutsu narabini jōkisen zue <br><strong>Creator:</strong> Unknown <br><strong>Date:</strong> ca. 1854 <br><strong>Format:</strong> woodblock print <br><strong>Medium:</strong> color on paper <br><strong>Repository:</strong> Ryosenji Treasure Museum <br><strong>Source of Copywork:</strong> a slide from Ryosenji <br><br><strong>Description:</strong> This detail depicts sumo wrestlers surrounded by gaping Westerners. Taken from a larger work, Pictorial Description of American People and Steamship.',
'10_112_Sumo_rice.jpg', '<strong>Title:</strong> Sumo Wrestler <br><strong>Creator:</strong> Unknown <br><strong>Date:</strong> ca. 1854 <br><strong>Format:</strong> painting <br><strong>Repository:</strong> Collection of DeWolf Perry <br><strong>Source of Copywork:</strong> Reynolds, Robert L. <em>Commodore Perry in Japan.</em> New York, 1963. <br><br><strong>Description:</strong> From John Dower's Core Exhibit: "In the decade following the Perry expedition, the larger-than-life sumo wrestler continued to provide a small vehicle for iconographic bravado. After a new commercial treaty was signed in 1858 and foreigners began to flood into the country, woodblock artists portrayed these native heroes tossing around, not bales of rice, but the hairy barbarians themselves."',
'28_095_Sumo_Perry.jpg', '<strong>Title:</strong> Perry and Sumo Wrestler <br><strong>Creator:</strong> Unknown <br><strong>Date:</strong> late 19th century <br><strong>Format:</strong> woodblock print <br><strong>Medium:</strong> ink on paper <br><strong>Repository:</strong> DeWolf Perry <br><strong>Source of Copywork:</strong> Dulles, Foster R. <em>Yankees and Samurai. America's role in the Emergence of Modern Japan: 1791-1900.</em> New York, 1965. <br><br><strong>Description:</strong> A humorous Japanese sketch of an American impressed by the bulk of a sumo wrestler.',
'18_192_Sumo_marines.jpg', '<strong>Title:</strong> Marines Examine Sumo Wrestler, 24 March 1854 <br><strong>Creator:</strong> Unknown <br><strong>Date:</strong> 1854 <br><strong>Format:</strong> drawing <br><strong>Medium:</strong> ink on paper <br><strong>Source of Copywork:</strong> Roger Pineau, ed. The Japan Expedition, 1852-1854; the Personal Journal of Commodore Matthew C. Perry. Washington, D.C., 1968. <br><br><strong>Description:</strong> Inscription reads "nishi no kata ōzeki kagamiiwa" (the second rank champion on the West, Kagamiiwa). The Americans were fascinated and repulsed by the sumo. Here we see several marines examining one.',
'30_032g_GlorySumo.jpg', '<strong>Title:</strong> The Glory of Sumo Wrestlers at Yokohama <br><strong>Creator:</strong> Unknown <br><strong>Date:</strong> 1860 <br><strong>Format:</strong> woodblock print <br><strong>Medium:</strong> ink and color on paper <br><strong>Repository:</strong> Ryosenji Treasure Museum <br><strong>Source of Copywork:</strong> a slide from Ryosenji. <br><br><strong>Description:</strong> This is an imaginary wrestling match in Yokohama between a French strongman, said to be over two meters tall, and a Japanese sumo wrestler.<br><br> From John Dower's Core Exhibit: "In the decade following the Perry expedition, the larger-than-life sumo wrestler continued to provide a small vehicle for iconographic bravado. After a new commercial treaty was signed in 1858 and foreigners began to flood into the country, woodblock artists portrayed these native heroes tossing around, not bales of rice, but the hairy barbarians themselves."',
'30_033g_GlorySumo.jpg', '<strong>Title:</strong> The Glory of Sumo Wrestlers at Yokohama <br><strong>Creator:</strong> Unknown <br><strong>Date:</strong> 1861 <br><strong>Format:</strong> woodblock print <br><strong>Medium:</strong> ink and color on paper <br><strong>Repository:</strong> Ryosenji Treasure Museum <br><strong>Source of Copywork:</strong> a slide from Ryosenji <br><br><strong>Description:</strong> This is a depiction of an imaginary wrestling match in Yokohama between a French strongman, said to be over two meters tall, and a Japanese sumo wrestler.<br><br> From John Dower's Core Exhibit: "In the decade following the Perry expedition, the larger-than-life sumo wrestler continued to provide a small vehicle for iconographic bravado. After a new commercial treaty was signed in 1858 and foreigners began to flood into the country, woodblock artists portrayed these native heroes tossing around, not bales of rice, but the hairy barbarians themselves."']; //data has image name, then caption if applicable.
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<p>Explore the images for yourself now. Take a look at depictions of Perry and his crew. This is not a required assignment (but interesting).</p>
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<h3></h3>
<p><strong style="line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif, sans-serif;">Scroll Thru</strong><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif, sans-serif;">: scroll horizontally to view the Visual Narrative below.</span></p>
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<p style="width: 1400%;"><img src="https://files.edx.org/vjx/bsD1/VN.png" alt="various images showing Japanese depictions of members of the Perry expedition. Some depictions are demonic; some realistic; some jocular." height="463" width="11291" /></p>
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'https://files.edx.org/vjx/bss/18_000_Perry_Brady.jpg', '<strong>Portraits: Facing “West”<br>Commodore Perry and Crew</strong><br>Although commercial artists rowed out in small boats to draw pictures of Perry’s fleet on the occasion of the first visit in July 1853, few had the opportunity to behold the commodore in person.<br><br>This was due, in no little part, to Perry’s decision to enhance his authority by making himself as inaccessible as possible. Indeed, he remained so secluded prior to the formal presentation of the president’s letter that some Japanese, it is said, took to calling his cabin on the flagship “The Abode of the High and Mighty Mysteriousness.”<br><br>The jowly, clean-shaven Perry captured in Mathew Brady’s famous photograph (above) is mirrored in the following woodblock prints from the time of his visit.',
'https://files.edx.org/vjx/bss/06_066a_Perry.jpg', 'Westerners were sometimes referred to as “blue-eyed barbarians”...',
'https://files.edx.org/vjx/bss/02_134a_Perry.jpg', '...but, amusingly, it is the whites of the Commodore’s eyes that are blue.',
'https://files.edx.org/vjx/bss/30_040i_Perry.jpg', 'These portraits circulated with variations in detail and coloring.',
'https://files.edx.org/vjx/bss/30_038i_Perry_tengu.jpg', 'Perry even became a “<em>Tengu</em>,” a mythical long-nosed goblin...',
'https://files.edx.org/vjx/bss/30_046i1_Perry_detail.jpg', '...and a demonic figure evocative of the “hairy barbarian” stereotype.',
'http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/black_ships_and_samurai/gallery/images/06_066a2_detail_Eyes.jpg', 'We can offer both a simple and a more subtle explanation for the startling blue eyeballs in some of the Perry prints. In feudal Japan, Westerners were sometimes referred to as “blue-eyed barbarians,” and it is possible that some artists were a bit confused about where such blueness resided. It was also the case, however, that in Japanese woodblock prints ferocious and threatening figures such as monsters and renegades were stigmatized by the same strange blue eyeball. Whatever the explanation, popular renderings of Perry and his fellow Americans drew on conventions entrenched in Japanese culture.',
'http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/black_ships_and_samurai/gallery/images/51_030_bsscroll_Perry.jpg', 'One alarming close-up of Perry shows that appearances can be deceiving. This ferocious image is accompanied by a poem, which the commodore was imagined to have composed on board his flagship.<br><br><em>Distant moon that appears over<br>the Sea of Musashi, your beams<br>also shine on California.</em><br><br>Apparently, even barbarians might have Japanese-style poetic souls.',
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'http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/black_ships_and_samurai/gallery/images/41_050_sketch.jpg', 'This is a detailed almost schematic drawing of an American officer with hats, swords, dagger, and epaulets labeled.',
'http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/black_ships_and_samurai/gallery/images/41_049_sketch.jpg', 'This beautifully detailed Japanese sketch of a Westerner—probably Dr. James Morrow, the Perry expedition naturalist who studied Japan’s flora and fauna—contains notes about the style of dress.',
'/assets/courseware/v1/b037d822b030821ff576f6d519b759cb/asset-v1:MITx+VJx+3T2018+type@asset+block/30_013c_ShipAndCrew_2500w.jpg', 'This dramatic painting introduces a lively cast of characters. Colorful and idiosyncratic, they are a motley crew indeed.<br><br>Translation of the bottom most tier of the text, from right to left: “The picture of a steamship and its crew. The name of the ship is ‘Shusukemanna’ <em>(Susquehanna).</em> The ship has 30 tons of cargo on board. The length: 81.8 m. The width: 29.1 m. The diameter of the wheel: 14.5 m. There are more than three hundred crew members including the sailors. The circumference of the chimney is 2.7 m. The ship is equipped with three iron cannons and thirty-six mounted guns.”',
'http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/black_ships_and_samurai/gallery/images/30_013c2_detail_crew2.jpg', 'Translation of the text, from right to left:<br>(1) “Infantry man. The attire is the same as the surveyor.”<br><br>(2) “Musician. He wears a scarlet woolen jacket and white trousers.”<br><br>(3) “Sailor. They are commonly called blacks <em>(kuronbo).</em> They climb up the mast and go into the sea. It is said that they were hired in the country of black people.”',
'http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/black_ships_and_samurai/gallery/images/30_013c1_detail_crew1.jpg', 'Translations of the text, from right to left:<br>(1) “Commodore Matthew Perry. He wears a blue woolen tight-sleeved jacket with buttons. His black leather hat is adorned by red and white feathers. The jacket has three gold rings on the arms. His attire is embellished with a lot of gold including a golden sword.”<br><br>(2) “Interpreter ‘Kurufusensuten.’ He wears a black woolen short-sleeved jacket. The rest is the same as Perry but his garment does not have gold rings.”<br><br>(3) “Surveyor. His attire is in yellowish green. The rest is the same as the one on the right. His job is to measure the depth of the sea.”<br><br>(4) “Commander ‘Fran-iereimu’ (Franklin?). His attire is almost the same as the Commodore but, instead, with two gold rings on the arms, and with less gold embellishments.”<br><br>(5) “Infantry Commander ‘Youteresu.’ He wears a yellowish green woolen tight-sleeved jacket, white trousers, and a black leather hat with white feathers. His jacket has a gold ring on the arms. He draws his sword and swings it about.”<br><br>(6) “Kapitein, He is responsible for administrative work onboard as well as navigating the ship.”',
'http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/black_ships_and_samurai/gallery/images/52_552_Chry_sixportraits.jpg', "The most “realistic” run of portraits of the Americans dates from March 8, 1854, when Perry landed in Yokohama to initiate his second visit. Hibata Osuke, a well-known actor of Noh drama, managed to situate himself in the midst of that day’s activities and record a variety of subjects, including Perry and key figures who accompanied him.<br><br>The portraits represent, from right to left: Commodore Matthew Perry (age 55), Commander Henry A. Adams (age 60), English-Japanese translator S. Wells Williams (“good at Japanese”), translator Anton Portman (“good at Dutch”), Perry’s son Oliver, and Captain Joel Abbot.",
'http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/black_ships_and_samurai/gallery/images/40_006cu_sixportraits.jpg','Colored copies of Hibata’s sketches—like this two sets of portraits and the next image—were made by anonymous artists who added their unique touch.<br><a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/black_ships_and_samurai_02/vis_encounters_west.html#american_portraits02" target="_blank">Click to view this set of portraits in the Encounters section</a>',
'/assets/courseware/v1/e61ad89fd3a7079beb4686b3a64aa7ed/asset-v1:MITx+VJx+3T2018+type@asset+block/40_006_perryson.png','Perry’s young son Oliver served as his personal secretary on the mission and appeared in a number of Japanese images.',
'http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/black_ships_and_samurai/gallery/images/30_039i_Perry_Son.jpg', 'Here Oliver sports a trim mustache, but lacks the goatee which the artist imagined his father to have.',
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<p><strong><a tabindex="0" href="#" onclick="album(data)" style="cursor: pointer;"><img src="/assets/courseware/v1/2110caea505ab413454d92cee906c502/asset-v1:MITx+VJx+3T2018+type@asset+block/vn_icon_Commodore_Crew_200h.jpg" alt="click image to view Visual Narrative" style="float: left; margin-right: 10px;" />Click thru: </a></strong><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif, sans-serif; line-height: 22.4px; font-size: 12pt;">view a series of images and captions (you can show or hide the captions). This is an alternate view of the Visual Narrative.</span></p>
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<p></p>
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<p><strong style="line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif, sans-serif;"><a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/black_ships_and_samurai_02/bss_visnav06.html" target="_blank" style="color: #0079bc; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 1.4em; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; -webkit-transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; background-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Link Thru</a></strong><span style="font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 1.4em;">: link to the Visualizing Cultures website to view the Visual Narrative in its original Unit (opens in a new browser window).</span></p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">The Officers - British Museum Scroll</h3>
<p>Another copy of the <em>Black Ship Scroll</em> was acquired by the British Museum. Here are the officers. It‘s interesting to compare the versions of the scroll. Can you identify the men portrayed here?</p>
<figure>
<p><a href="/assets/courseware/v1/ba204dc970fbec42849232b87977dc51/asset-v1:MITx+VJx+3T2018+type@asset+block/bss113_1854_officers_compiled_BritishMuseum_1000h.jpg" class="modal-content" target="[object Object]"><img alt="Officers, Black Ship Scroll, British Museum" src="/assets/courseware/v1/ba204dc970fbec42849232b87977dc51/asset-v1:MITx+VJx+3T2018+type@asset+block/bss113_1854_officers_compiled_BritishMuseum_1000h.jpg" type="saveimage" target="[object Object]" /></a></p>
<figcaption> Image Credit: Hibata Ōsuke and Ōnuma Chinzan. <em>The Mission of Commodore Perry to Japan, 1854</em>, detail. 1854-1858. Hand scroll. (c) Trustees of the British Museum. <!--bss113_1854 -->[<a href="http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details/collection_image_gallery.aspx?partid=1&assetid=1368018&objectid=3505637" target="[object Object]">2013_3002_1</a>] </figcaption></figure>
<p></p>
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<h3>Drag-and-Drop Exercise: Commodore & Crew</h3>
<p>Based on the above Visual Narrative, can you identify the portraits? Multiple copies of these scrolls were painted with variations depending on the artist. Notice the differences in the depictions.</p>
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<p>Next, try your skill at the<strong> “Meet the Officers” game</strong> (optional exercise).</p>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">“Meet the Officers” Game (Optional)</h2>
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<h3>“Meet the Officers” Game (Optional)</h3>
<p>To wrap-up today‘s lesson, play the following game. Can you identify Perry‘s officers? If you need help, go back to Lecture 2.10 and watch from 6:30 or so.</p>
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Meet the Officers of the Perry Expedition
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<p><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 25.6px;">You have now become familiar with some Japanese representations of Perry and his men. In the next lesson we will turn to American images of their time in Japan.</span></p>
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<h3>Image Credits</h3>
<p>Credits for images in the "Meet the Officers" game below. All images <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/" target="[object Object]">CC BY NC SA</a>. Click on the image number to see the original Visualizing Cultures page.</p>
<p>Brown, Eliphalet. <em>Temple at Tumai, Lew Chew</em>. ca. 1856. Lithograph. <em>Narrative of the Expedition</em>. Edited by Francis L. Hawks. Washington, D.C., 1856. [<a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/black_ships_and_samurai/gallery/pages/01_194L_narr_Brown.htm" target="[object Object]">01_194L_narr_Brown</a>]</p>
<p><span style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">Heine, Wilhelm and Brown, Eliphalet. </span><em style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">Encampment of the Exploring Party in Lew Chew</em><span style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">. ca. 1856. Lithograph. </span><em style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">Narrative of the Expedition</em><span style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">. Edited by Francis L. Hawks. Washington, D.C., 1856. [</span><a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/black_ships_and_samurai/gallery/pages/01_176L_narr_Heine.htm" target="[object Object]" style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">01_176L_narr_Heine</a><span style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">]</span></p>
<p><em style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">Assembled Paintings of Commodore Perry's Visit</em><span style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">. 19th century. Eight-fold screen. Historiographical Institute, University of Tokyo. [</span><a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/black_ships_and_samurai/gallery/pages/40_006cu_sixportraits.htm" target="[object Object]" style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">40_006cu_sixportraits</a><span style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">]</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">Hayashi Shikyō. </span><em style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">Perry and Adams Seated</em><span style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">. 1854. Painting. Peabody Essex Museum. [</span><a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/black_ships_and_samurai/gallery/pages/02_136_PerryAdams.htm" target="[object Object]" style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">02_136_PerryAdams</a><span style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">]</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">Heine, William. </span><em style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">Lew Chew</em><span style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">. ca. 1856. Lithograph. </span><em style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">Narrative of the Expedition</em><span style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">. Edited by Francis L. Hawks. Washington, D.C., 1856. [</span><a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/black_ships_and_samurai/gallery/pages/01_281L_narr_Heine.htm" target="[object Object]" style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">01_281L_narr_Heine</a><span style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">]</span></p>
<p><em style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">Black Ship Scroll</em><span style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">. 1854. Hand scroll. Honolulu Academy of Arts. [</span><a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/black_ships_and_samurai/gallery/pages/51_022_bsscroll_Morrow.htm" target="[object Object]" style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">51_002_bsscroll_Morrow</a><span style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">]</span></p>
<p><em style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">Things about Foreign Countries</em><span style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">. 1854. Woodblock print. Ryōsenji Treasure Museum. [</span><a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/black_ships_and_samurai/gallery/pages/30_039i_Perry_Son.htm" target="[object Object]" style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">30_039i_Perry_Son</a><span style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">]</span></p>
<p><em style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">Portrait of Perry's Son Oliver</em><span style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">. ca. 1854. Painting. Ryōsenji Treasure Museum. [</span><a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/black_ships_and_samurai/gallery/pages/30_037i_Perry_Son.htm" target="[object Object]" style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">30_037i_Perry_Son</a><span style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">]</span></p>
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