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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">The Role of Media in the Hibiya Riot</h2>
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<h3>The Role of Media in the Hibiya Riot</h3>
<p>Today we will explore <em>The </em><i>Tokyo Riot Graphic</i> and the role of the media in the 1905 Hibiya Riot. First, what type of medium was <em>The Tokyo Riot Graphic?</em> Where did illustrated magazines come from, and why did they become popular?</p>
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Multiple Choice
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<legend id="e6c42dff1dbb4abaa08fd540f758c496_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Graphic magazines became popular around the world in the last years of the nineteenth century, starting with the <em>Illustrated London News</em> in the 1880s. What features were common to these magazines that helps us identify them as part of a global trend? Select the best answer.</legend>
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Multiple Choice
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<legend id="a9c3e775bab2425eb61469507ecd2960_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Obviously, the use of images in accounts of current events was nothing new. Yet, the circulation of illustrated news magazines during the Russo-Japanese War outnumbered the circulation of woodblock prints during the Sino-Japanese War by a factor of ten. What does this enormous increase suggest? Select the best answer.</legend>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #4f81bd; mso-themecolor: accent1;"><span style="color: #000000;">A short essay segment later in today‘s lesson will elaborate on the development of illustrated media. Before reading that passage, we'll turn to the <i>Wartime Graphic </i>to explore the role of the media during the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905), whose conclusion precipitated the Hibiya Riot. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #4f81bd; mso-themecolor: accent1;"><span style="color: #000000;">As you watch, think about how the <i>Graphic</i> portrayed the war. </span></span></p>
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<li><span style="color: #000000; font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">What visual techniques did it use?</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #000000; font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">What events merited coverage?</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #000000; font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">What was left out? </span></li>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Lecture 5.5: Media & the Russo-Japanese War </h3>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Exercise - “Wartime Graphic,” Archive Visit - Meiji Bunko</h2>
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<h3>The “Wartime Graphic”</h3>
<p>To get a sense of the popular enthusiasm of the war, explore the <i>Japanese Graphic</i> by looking at the covers of its wartime issues.</p>
<p>What do these covers reveal about the attitudes of the <i>Graphic</i>’s editors? What might this say about popular attitudes toward the war?</p>
<p>After looking through the covers, complete the follow-up matching exercise.</p>
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<p>Look at these five covers from the <em>Wartime Graphic.</em></p>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
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<td width="20%">Image 1<a href="/assets/courseware/v1/e75c4cfdd2e0bd0ba05a7ab677154b68/asset-v1:MITx+VJx+3T2018+type@asset+block/trg021_pg21_18Sept1905_2000w.jpg" class="modal-content"><img src="/assets/courseware/v1/9fe62d3b100def680579df98ad674a06/asset-v1:MITx+VJx+3T2018+type@asset+block/trg021_pg21_18Sept1905_500w.jpg" alt="intense black-and-yellow cover with large Japanese characters and apparent explosion in background" /></a></td>
<td>Image 2<a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/social_protest_japan/coversgallery/images/trg210_20Dec1904_no32.jpg" class="modal-content"><img src="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/social_protest_japan/coversgallery/images/trg210_20Dec1904_no32.jpg" alt="soldiers in black and red walking through desolate, snowy forest" /></a></td>
<td width=20%>Image 3<a href="/assets/courseware/v1/8867f64ac62d271a2fd9f75dd344752b/asset-v1:MITx+VJx+3T2018+type@asset+block/trg215_01April1905_no45_2000w.jpg" class="modal-content"><img src="/assets/courseware/v1/4ee8325be413364c3cf32738f1ec7b65/asset-v1:MITx+VJx+3T2018+type@asset+block/trg215_01April1905_no45_500w.jpg" alt="soldier tending to horse against black background and falling leaves" /></a></td>
<td>Image 4<a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/social_protest_japan/coversgallery/images/trg216_20April1905_no48.jpg" class="modal-content"><img src="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/social_protest_japan/coversgallery/images/trg216_20April1905_no48.jpg" alt="Japanese submarine navigating rough, dark waters" /></a></td>
<td>Image 5<a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/social_protest_japan/coversgallery/images/trg218_20June1905_no56.jpg" class="modal-content"><img src="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/social_protest_japan/coversgallery/images/trg218_20June1905_no56.jpg" alt="chain of men joining hands in front of train hoisting large Japanese flags" /></a></td>
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<p></p>
<p></p>
<p>Image credits, left to right. All images <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/" target="_blank">CC BY NC SA</a>.</p>
<p>Image 1: <em>The Wartime Graphic</em> (Tokyo: Kinji Gahō Company), 1 (February 18, 1904). [<a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/social_protest_japan/coversgallery/pages/trg201_18Feb1904.htm" target="_blank">trg201</a>]</p>
<p>Image 2: <em>The Wartime Graphic</em> (Tokyo: Kinji Gahō Company), 32 (December 20, 1904). [<a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/social_protest_japan/coversgallery/pages/trg210_20Dec1904_no32.htm" target="_blank">trg210</a>]</p>
<p>Image 3: <em>The Wartime Graphic</em> (Tokyo: Kinji Gahō Company), 45 (April 1, 1905). [<a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/social_protest_japan/coversgallery/pages/trg215_01April1905_no45.htm" target="_blank">trg215</a>]</p>
<p>Image 4: <em>The Wartime Graphic</em> (Tokyo: Kinji Gahō Company), 48 (April 20, 1905). [<a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/social_protest_japan/coversgallery/pages/trg216_20April1905_no48.htm" target="_blank">trg216</a>]</p>
<p>Image 5: <em>The Wartime Graphic</em> (Tokyo: Kinji Gahō Company), 56 (June 20, 1905). [<a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/social_protest_japan/coversgallery/pages/trg218_20June1905_no56.htm" target="_blank">trg218</a>]</p>
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<p>Select the cover that best matches the description given.</p>
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<option value="2"> 2</option>
<option value="3"> 3</option>
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<option value="2"> 2</option>
<option value="3"> 3</option>
<option value="4"> 4</option>
<option value="5"> 5</option>
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<option value="2"> 2</option>
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<option value="4"> 4</option>
<option value="5"> 5</option>
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<p>War was not the only topic of interest to Japanese readers. In the brief, optional clip below, Professor Miyagawa takes us to the Meiji Magazine and Newspaper Archive at the University of Tokyo, where an archivist explains a different feature of Meiji media: the huge increase in women readers.</p>
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<h3>“The Tokyo Riot Graphic”</h3>
<p>Let us turn now from the historical context of the Hibiya Riot to the event itself. First, what does the <i>Riot Graphic</i>—and particularly its cover—reveal about the beliefs of its editors? More generally, how does the <i>Riot Graphic </i>help us think about the nature of journalism in early-twentieth-century Japan?</p>
<p>Watch Professor Gordon’s brief lecture, then read a section of his brief essay to help contextualize these events.</p>
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<h3>Reading - Chapter One: Making News Graphic</h3>
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<legend id="f39e52c76d2e4752a98c57b3e899802e_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">According to Professor Gordon&#8217;s essay, how did an analysis of the visual record change his understanding of Japanese imperialism?</legend>
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<input type="radio" name="input_f39e52c76d2e4752a98c57b3e899802e_2_1" id="input_f39e52c76d2e4752a98c57b3e899802e_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="f39e52c76d2e4752a98c57b3e899802e_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_f39e52c76d2e4752a98c57b3e899802e_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_f39e52c76d2e4752a98c57b3e899802e_2_1"> The visual record demonstrates that Japan&#8217;s leaders were fanatical in their pursuit of empire
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<legend id="32bfd9a5a6e147038583243942004cc8_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">How did the 1905 riots in Tokyo relate to concerns about empire?</legend>
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<input type="radio" name="input_32bfd9a5a6e147038583243942004cc8_2_1" id="input_32bfd9a5a6e147038583243942004cc8_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="32bfd9a5a6e147038583243942004cc8_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_32bfd9a5a6e147038583243942004cc8_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_32bfd9a5a6e147038583243942004cc8_2_1"> The proximate cause of the riots was the unsatisfactory treaty that ended the war against Russia, fought over control of parts of northeast Asia. This revealed the Japanese public&#8217;s interest in and passion for empire.
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<input type="radio" name="input_32bfd9a5a6e147038583243942004cc8_2_1" id="input_32bfd9a5a6e147038583243942004cc8_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="32bfd9a5a6e147038583243942004cc8_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_32bfd9a5a6e147038583243942004cc8_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_32bfd9a5a6e147038583243942004cc8_2_1"> The rioters were protesting the government&#8217;s decision to devote resources to expanding empire rather than dealing with domestic issues. This revealed their displeasure at the lack of political representation, despite high levels of taxation.
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<input type="radio" name="input_32bfd9a5a6e147038583243942004cc8_2_1" id="input_32bfd9a5a6e147038583243942004cc8_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="32bfd9a5a6e147038583243942004cc8_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_32bfd9a5a6e147038583243942004cc8_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_32bfd9a5a6e147038583243942004cc8_2_1"> The rioters expressed broad support for the territorial gains in Korea, Manchuria and Sakhalin garnered by the Portsmouth Treaty, but expressed displeasure with the army&#8217;s unwillingness to continue fighting.
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Hibiya Park, Exercise, Location Visit</h2>
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<h3>Hibiya Park</h3>
<p><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">It is important to remember the geography of the riots. As we will see, they affected much of the city of Tokyo, but their focus was on a park in the center of the city: Hibiya Park.</span></p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Lecture 5.7: Hibiya Park </h3>
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<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="3a1fdbf8b92f4fcf9ec1c4d49ce49ae9-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+VJx+3T2018+type@problem+block@3a1fdbf8b92f4fcf9ec1c4d49ce49ae9-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Multiple Choice
</h3>
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<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_3a1fdbf8b92f4fcf9ec1c4d49ce49ae9_2_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_3a1fdbf8b92f4fcf9ec1c4d49ce49ae9_2_1">
<legend id="3a1fdbf8b92f4fcf9ec1c4d49ce49ae9_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">What was ironic about the use of Hibiya Park as a site of protest?</legend>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_3a1fdbf8b92f4fcf9ec1c4d49ce49ae9_2_1" id="input_3a1fdbf8b92f4fcf9ec1c4d49ce49ae9_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="3a1fdbf8b92f4fcf9ec1c4d49ce49ae9_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_3a1fdbf8b92f4fcf9ec1c4d49ce49ae9_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_3a1fdbf8b92f4fcf9ec1c4d49ce49ae9_2_1"> Large walls to keep people out of the park became obstacles to people trying to escape the park after police started attacking
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_3a1fdbf8b92f4fcf9ec1c4d49ce49ae9_2_1" id="input_3a1fdbf8b92f4fcf9ec1c4d49ce49ae9_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="3a1fdbf8b92f4fcf9ec1c4d49ce49ae9_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_3a1fdbf8b92f4fcf9ec1c4d49ce49ae9_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_3a1fdbf8b92f4fcf9ec1c4d49ce49ae9_2_1"> The government built the park as a civilized place for people to gather, but it instead turned into a site of popular protest against the government
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_3a1fdbf8b92f4fcf9ec1c4d49ce49ae9_2_1" id="input_3a1fdbf8b92f4fcf9ec1c4d49ce49ae9_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="3a1fdbf8b92f4fcf9ec1c4d49ce49ae9_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_3a1fdbf8b92f4fcf9ec1c4d49ce49ae9_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_3a1fdbf8b92f4fcf9ec1c4d49ce49ae9_2_1"> The rock gardens in the park designed to instill tranquility instead became sources of stones for rioters to throw at the police
</label>
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<span id="answer_3a1fdbf8b92f4fcf9ec1c4d49ce49ae9_2_1"/>
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<p>Look at the image below of a scene in Hibiya Park during the riots.</p>
<figure>
<p><a href="/assets/courseware/v1/e75c4cfdd2e0bd0ba05a7ab677154b68/asset-v1:MITx+VJx+3T2018+type@asset+block/trg021_pg21_18Sept1905_2000w.jpg" class="modal-content"><img src="/assets/courseware/v1/e75c4cfdd2e0bd0ba05a7ab677154b68/asset-v1:MITx+VJx+3T2018+type@asset+block/trg021_pg21_18Sept1905_2000w.jpg" alt="men climbing out of water and up wall, as other men fall from top of wall into the water. Men with batons at top of wall beat others" type="saveimage" target="[object Object]" preventdefault="function (){i.isDefaultPrevented=n}" stoppropagation="function (){i.isPropagationStopped=n}" stopimmediatepropagation="function (){i.isImmediatePropagationStopped=n}" isdefaultprevented="function t(){return!1}" ispropagationstopped="function t(){return!1}" isimmediatepropagationstopped="function t(){return!1}" width="664" height="997" /></a></p>
<figcaption>
<p class="MsoNormal"><em>The Tokyo Riot Graphic</em> (Tokyo: Kinji Gahō Company), 66 (September 18, 1905). <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/" target="[object Object]">CC BY NC SA</a>. [<a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/social_protest_japan/gallery/images/trg021_pg21_18Sept1905.jpg" target="[object Object]">trg021</a>]</p>
</figcaption></figure>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">This image is not a photograph—photography was still too primitive to use for fast-moving events like the portion of the riots depicted here. As such, the image does not capture a single scene. Rather, it is a composite of various scenes as witnessed by the sketch artist. There is a degree of imagination at play that nevertheless records the event in a truthful way. What events does the artist compile in this image? Drag the relevant portions of the image to the box that best describes the figure or action depicted.</span></p>
<p></p>
</div>
</div>
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{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
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<h3>Exercise: Find the Details (Optional)</h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.6em;">This is another experimental assessment, please report any bugs <strong><a href="https://app.smartsheet.com/b/form?EQBCT=c009ec00c5f5437db5c9c1168447974b" target="[object Object]">here.</a></strong> Please also note that we know that the drag and drops do not work for tablets, and that this particular one doesn't work with Safari.</span></p><br>
<p><iframe src="/asset-v1:MITx+VJx+3T2018+type@asset+block/dragTest.html" width="100%" height="1200" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" frameborder="0" scrolling="yes">You need an iFrame capable browser to view this.</iframe></p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="3a71c03234bb4e9c96ef43b5d4c2b3ec-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+VJx+3T2018+type@problem+block@3a71c03234bb4e9c96ef43b5d4c2b3ec-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Checkboxes
</h3>
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<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_3a71c03234bb4e9c96ef43b5d4c2b3ec_2_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_3a71c03234bb4e9c96ef43b5d4c2b3ec_2_1">
<legend id="3a71c03234bb4e9c96ef43b5d4c2b3ec_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">What do the pieces you identified tell us about the composition of the crowd? Check all that apply.</legend>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_3a71c03234bb4e9c96ef43b5d4c2b3ec_2_1[]" id="input_3a71c03234bb4e9c96ef43b5d4c2b3ec_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_0"/><label id="3a71c03234bb4e9c96ef43b5d4c2b3ec_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_3a71c03234bb4e9c96ef43b5d4c2b3ec_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_3a71c03234bb4e9c96ef43b5d4c2b3ec_2_1"> There were rich as well as poor people involved
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_3a71c03234bb4e9c96ef43b5d4c2b3ec_2_1[]" id="input_3a71c03234bb4e9c96ef43b5d4c2b3ec_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_1"/><label id="3a71c03234bb4e9c96ef43b5d4c2b3ec_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_3a71c03234bb4e9c96ef43b5d4c2b3ec_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_3a71c03234bb4e9c96ef43b5d4c2b3ec_2_1"> Women and men both participated
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_3a71c03234bb4e9c96ef43b5d4c2b3ec_2_1[]" id="input_3a71c03234bb4e9c96ef43b5d4c2b3ec_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_2"/><label id="3a71c03234bb4e9c96ef43b5d4c2b3ec_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_3a71c03234bb4e9c96ef43b5d4c2b3ec_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_3a71c03234bb4e9c96ef43b5d4c2b3ec_2_1"> Well-educated and poorly-educated people were involved
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_3a71c03234bb4e9c96ef43b5d4c2b3ec_2_1[]" id="input_3a71c03234bb4e9c96ef43b5d4c2b3ec_2_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_3"/><label id="3a71c03234bb4e9c96ef43b5d4c2b3ec_2_1-choice_3-label" for="input_3a71c03234bb4e9c96ef43b5d4c2b3ec_2_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_3a71c03234bb4e9c96ef43b5d4c2b3ec_2_1"> People of all ages joined in
</label>
</div>
<span id="answer_3a71c03234bb4e9c96ef43b5d4c2b3ec_2_1"/>
</fieldset>
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<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="38833d45d858459bb13a8a8510618f67-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+VJx+3T2018+type@problem+block@38833d45d858459bb13a8a8510618f67-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Multiple Choice
</h3>
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<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_38833d45d858459bb13a8a8510618f67_2_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_38833d45d858459bb13a8a8510618f67_2_1">
<legend id="38833d45d858459bb13a8a8510618f67_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Different artists portrayed the actions of the crowd and the police in different ways. What does <em>this</em> image show us about the relationship between the police and the crowd? Select the best answer.</legend>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_38833d45d858459bb13a8a8510618f67_2_1" id="input_38833d45d858459bb13a8a8510618f67_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="38833d45d858459bb13a8a8510618f67_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_38833d45d858459bb13a8a8510618f67_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_38833d45d858459bb13a8a8510618f67_2_1"> The crowd resisted the police with force
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_38833d45d858459bb13a8a8510618f67_2_1" id="input_38833d45d858459bb13a8a8510618f67_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="38833d45d858459bb13a8a8510618f67_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_38833d45d858459bb13a8a8510618f67_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_38833d45d858459bb13a8a8510618f67_2_1"> The police attacked the crowd with force
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<p>In the following short video, Professor Miyagawa talks to Professor Yoshimi Shun'ya of the University of Tokyo in present-day Hibiya Park, Tokyo.</p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Location Visit - Hibiya Park</h3>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Summary: Impact of Media in the Hibiya Riot</h2>
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<h3>Summary: the Impact of Media in the Hibiya Riot</h3>
<p>Listen to Professor Gordon sum-up some of the themes from today’s material. What is the significance of the media and Hibiya Park to our story so far?</p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Lecture 5.8 - Summary: Irony in History </h3>
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