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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Introduction to Day 4: US Expansion</h2>
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<p><span face="Open Sans, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Now we're moving on to explore how 1898 marked a moment of both rupture and continuity in the broader history of US expansionism. The rapid territorial growth of the United States won it international respect but also engendered fierce domestic debates about the desirability of incorporating more uncivilized peoples into the Union and exacted a heavy toll on colonial populations. Take a look at the images we will be discussing, and move on to the video. It is always interesting to compare your initial impressions with the discussion.</span></p>
<p><span face="Open Sans, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline;">Warning on viewing historical images</strong>: Images from the past can be offensive to view. By showing certain images or discussing certain topics, we do not endorse the views or opinions they present, but seek to understand the past, even when it is difficult to look at in the present. This course does not reflect the views of MIT, MITx, EdX or Visualizing Cultures.</span></p>
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<h3>Image Gallery</h3>
<p>These are the images we will be looking at in this section. Take a close look at them now on your own before moving forward. Click to enlarge images.</p>
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<td><img href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,4)" style="cursor: pointer;" alt="Uncle Sam and Lady Liberty looking at a basket of four babies with dark skin, labeled Cuba, Puerto Rico, Philippines, and Hawaii, and held by two arms labeled 'manifest destiny'" src="/assets/courseware/v1/e3ba510d620058612917c90dd832acc2/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/puck_1898_Aug3_A_Trifle_Embarrassed_28724u_loc.jpg" /></td>
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<p>Image Credits (from left to right, top to bottom)</p>
<p><em style="font-family: 'open sans';">Map Expansion of U.S. in Pacific Basin, c. 1900.</em><span style="font-family: 'open sans';"> Image source: MIT Visualizing Cultures.</span></p>
<p><em>“A Happy New Year! Uncle Sam </em><em style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">— </em><em style="font-size: 1em;">To the health of my boys in all parts of the earth!” </em><span style="font-size: 1em;"> Puck, January 2, 1901. Artist: Udo Keppler. Source: Library of Congress. [<a href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2010651360/" target="[object Object]">puck_1901_Jan2_A_Happy_New_Year_25486u_loc</a>].</span></p>
<p><em>“A Trifle Embarrassed. Uncle Sam —<span style="font-size: 1em;"> Gosh! I wish they wouldn't come quite so many in a bunch; but, if I've got to take them, I guess I can do as well by them as I've done by the others!”</span></em><span style="font-size: 1em;"><em> </em>Puck, August 3, 1898. Artist:</span><span style="font-size: 1em;"> </span><span style="font-size: 1em;">Udo Keppler</span><span style="font-size: 1em;">. Source: Library of Congress. </span><span style="font-size: 1em;">[<a href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2012647587/" target="[object Object]">puck_1898_Aug3_A_Trifle_Embarrassed_28724u_loc</a>].</span></p>
<p><em>“A Lesson for Anti-Expansionists. Showing how Uncle Sam has been an Expansionist first, last, and all the time.”</em> Judge, 1899. Artist: Victor Gillam. Source: Hawaiian Collection Special Collections/Rare Folio, University of Hawaii at Manoa Library. [<a href="http://digicoll.manoa.hawaii.edu/treasures/Pages/viewtext.php?tid=142&route=browseby.php&start=60&by=year#" target="[object Object]">1899_Judge_A_Lesson_for_Anti-Expansionists_Gillam_UHawaiiManoa</a>].</p>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Figure 5. Map Expansion of US in Pacific Basin, c. 1900.</h2>
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<p></p>
<p>In this video, Professor Capozzola and Professor Dower discuss the Spanish-American War as the culmination of a long tradition of American expansionism West across the mainland and into the Pacific. After you watch, please answer the question below.</p>
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<p><em>Map Expansion of U.S. in Pacific Basin, c. 1900.</em> Image source: MIT Visualizing Cultures</p>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Figure 6. “A Happy New Year!”</h2>
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<p>This <em>Puck</em> magazine cover underscores the spread of American military presence to many corners of the globe, from the Caribbean to China. Look at the details such as the handwritten notes under the punch bowl.</p>
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<h3><img src="/assets/courseware/v1/e25e4fb9e388207b66ed638731fb25f1/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/puck_1901_Jan2_A_Happy_New_Year_25486u_loc.jpg" alt="Uncle Sam raising a toast" width="60%" style="float: left; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px;" href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,0)" /></h3>
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<p><em style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">“A Happy New Year! Uncle Sam </em><em style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">— </em><em style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">To the health of my boys in all parts of the earth!” </em><em style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">”</em><span style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></p>
<p><span style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">Puck, January 2, 1901. Artist: Udo Keppler. Source: Library of Congress.</span>[<a href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2010651360/" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; color: #009fe6;">puck_1901_Jan2_A_Happy_New_Year_25486u_loc</a>].</p>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Figure 7. "A Trifle Embarrassed"</h2>
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<p>A disturbing cartoon in <em>Puck </em>captures the racism in the turn-of-the-century US colonial project, the longstanding concept of Manifest Destiny, as well as the domestic debates over imperialism. Take a moment to study the details of the image that convey its message.</p>
<h3><img src="/assets/courseware/v1/e3ba510d620058612917c90dd832acc2/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/puck_1898_Aug3_A_Trifle_Embarrassed_28724u_loc.jpg" alt="Uncle Sam and Lady Liberty looking at a basket of four babies with dark skin, labeled Cuba, Puerto Rico, Philippines, and Hawaii, and held by two arms labeled 'manifest destiny'" width="60%" style="float: left; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px;" href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,0)" /></h3>
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<p><span style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">Puck, August 3, 1898. Artist:</span><span style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">Udo Keppler</span><span style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">. Source: Library of Congress. </span></p>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Figure 8. "A Lesson for Anti-Expansionists"</h2>
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<p>This cartoon very graphically tracks Uncle Sam's growing size since 1776. In this video, your professors explore the context of this image and the magazine in which it appeared. Watch the video and answer the question.</p>
<h3><img src="/assets/courseware/v1/612d8d9916601d6c720dd89cbdcd55b4/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/1899_Judge_A_Lesson_for_Anti-Expansionists_Gillam_UHawaiiManoa.gif" alt="a timeline of of Uncle Sam growing from a baby in 1783 to an old obese man in 1899, describing territorial acquisitions/the size of the country in the years in between" width="60%" style="float: left; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px;" href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,0)" /></h3>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Judge, 1899. Artist: Victor Gillam. Source: Hawaiian Collection Special Collections/Rare Folio, University of Hawaii at Manoa Library. </span></p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video II-08: Figure 8. "A Lesson for Anti-Expansionists"</h3>
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