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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Introduction to Day 15</h2>
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<p>Today, we will be more delving into the multiple uses of photography for American forces, which included less apparent applications such as the mapping of terrain. Further, we will discuss the complex role of the camera in the Philippine-American War, as well as how certain photographs<span style="color: rgb(69, 69, 69); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: 12px;">—</span><span style="font-size: 1em;">like that of a mixed race signal corps or of Filipino scouts</span><span style="color: rgb(69, 69, 69); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; font-size: 12px;">—</span>help shed light on<span style="font-size: 1em;"> the nuances of the conflict for viewers in the present day. Take a look at the images that we will be working with, and then move on to the videos and exercises.</span></p>
<p><strong style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">Warning on viewing historical images</strong><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">: Images from the past can be offensive to view. By showing certain images or discussing certain topics, we do not endorse the views or opinions they present, but seek to understand the past, even when it is difficult to look at in the present. This course does not reflect the views of MIT, MITx, EdX or Visualizing Cultures.</span></p>
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<h3>Image Gallery</h3>
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<p></p>
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<p><strong>Image Captions </strong>(from left to right, top to bottom)</p>
<p>“Taking it easy during a lull, 20th KS” Soldiers of the 20th Kansas Infantry during the Philippine-American War, c. 1899</p>
<p>U.S. soldiers ford a river during the Philippine-American War, ca. 1899</p>
<p>“Black and white U.S. troops with Signal Corps flag,” 1899-1902</p>
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<p>Macabebe Scouts</p>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Figure 15-17: Photos of and by U.S. Troops</h2>
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<p>As a whole, how do we assess the impact of photography on the conflict in the Philippines in the years between 1898 and 1902? Closely examine these images of American soldiers. What do you think was the purpose of each? By the turn of the twentieth century, cameras were widespread enough such that some American soldiers personally owned and used them. The broad circulation of a diverse range of photographs amongst soldiers, their families, and the public then helped maintain the morale of American forces in difficult times and conveyed reassuring messages back home. After you watch the video, please complete the exercise. </p>
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<h3></h3>
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<p></p>
<p style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #4c4c4c;">“Taking it easy during a lull, 20th KS” Soldiers of the 20th Kansas Infantry during the Philippine-American War, c. 1899</p>
<p style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #4c4c4c;">U.S. soldiers ford a river during the Philippine-American War, ca. 1899</p>
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<legend id="a0a79e53d1d94d02b5a7a30b5a74b7de_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">In which of the following ways was photography effectively weaponized by American forces during the Philippine-American War? Check all that apply.</legend>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Figure 18. Racial Mix in Signal Corps</h2>
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<p>Now, turn your attention to this photograph, which depicts black and white American soldiers side by side. This image is particular because the United States military would continue to be officially segregated until 1948. To what unit did these soldiers belong? Did that affect the degree to which racial mixing was tolerated? After you watch the video, please complete the exercise.</p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video III-12: “Black and white U.S. troops with Signal Corps flag”</h3>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Figure 19, 20. Gatling Gun, Macabebe Scouts</h2>
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<p>Now, look at this series of images. The first photograph features a Gatling gun, a powerful and deadly early version of a machine gun that the United States used in the Philippines. In the second, we see Filipinos recruited by American forces to serve in the Macabebe Scouts. Why was it important for the United States to demonstrate there were Filipinos serving in its military ranks? After you watch the video, please complete the exercise.</p>
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<p>“American soldiers with mobile Gatling gun,” 1899</p>
<p>Macabebe Scouts.</p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video III-13: Gatling gun, Filipino Macabebe Scouts</h3>
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<legend id="739eb345ce29482c8674b022d877c2c1_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Which of the following statements about Filipino soldiers or scouts serving in American-led units is NOT true? There is one correct answer.</legend>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Optional Reading, Chapter 2: Conquest by Camera</h2>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Photography and Power I, Chapter 2: Conquest by Camera</h3>
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<p>To read the chapter on the Visualizing Cultures website, <a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/photography_and_power/dw01_essay02.html" target="[object Object]">click here</a>. </p>
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