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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Introduction to Module II—Civilization & Barbarism: Cartooning & Global Imperialism</h2>
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<p>Today, we begin looking at the discourse on "civilization and barbarism," themes prevalent throughout the West at the turn of the 20th century that undergirded and justified various colonial projects. At the beginning of each section, you will see all the images under discussion. Take a look, and then move on to the videos and exercises.</p>
<p><strong>Warning on viewing historical images</strong>: Images from the past can be offensive to view. By showing certain images or discussing certain topics, we do not endorse the views or opinions they present, but seek to understand the past, even when it is difficult to look at in the present. This course does not reflect the views of MIT, MITx, EdX or Visualizing Cultures.</p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Intro to the Database</h3>
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<h3 class="hd hd-4 downloads-heading sr" id="video-download-transcripts_911b1f185bbc42ce89b201fddc415831">Downloads and transcripts</h3>
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<h3>Image Gallery -- the image gallery allows you to view the images that were discussed in the video. We encourage you to look at the images closely.</h3>
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<p>Image Credits (from left to right, top to bottom)</p>
<p><em style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">"Barbarie — Civilisation" Full caption: “It’s all a matter of perspective. When a Chinese coolie strikes a French soldier the result is a public cry of ‘Barbarity!’ But when a French soldier strikes a coolie, it’s a necessary blow for civilization.</em><span style="font-family: "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Le Cri de Paris, July 10, 1899. Artist: René Georges Hermann-Paul. [</span><a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/gallery/pages/cb54-002_1899_july10_2d6f45.htm" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(0, 159, 230);">cb54-002_1899_july10_2d6f45</a><span style="font-family: "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">] </span><strong style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">SOURCE</strong> </p>
<p><em style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline;">"From the Cape to Cairo. </span></em><span style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">Though the Process Be Costly, The Road of Progress Must be Cut" </span><span style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">Puck, December 10, 1902. Artist: Udo Keppler Source: Library of Congress [<a href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/ppmsca.25696/" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(0, 159, 230);">view</a>]. [<a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/gallery/pages/cb01-026_puck_1902_d_2d77a3.htm" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(0, 159, 230);">cb01-026_puck_1902_d_2d77a3</a>]</span></p>
<p><em style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">"Some One Must Back Up." </em><span style="font-family: "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Judge, December 8, 1900. Artist: Victor Gallam. Source: Widener Library, Harvard University. [</span><a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/gallery/pages/cb27-004_1900_judge__2d6470.htm" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(0, 159, 230);">cb27-004_1900_Judge_BackUp_000016</a><span style="font-family: "Open Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">]</span></p>
<p><em><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">"Uncle Sam </span>— Guess I'll keep 'em!" </em>Leslie's Weekly, June 9, 1898, NYC. Artist: E.N. Blue. Source: Author. [<a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/cb_gallery.html" target="[object Object]">cb23-132_1898_june9_2d5985</a>]</p>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Figure 1. “Barbarie — Civilisation”</h2>
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<p>The first image underscores the all-important role of <em>perspective</em> in contrasting civilization with barbarism. Who is the barbarian here? Watch the video and answer the question below.</p>
<p><img src="/assets/courseware/v1/6fa074889614fa57d156c87d109ac3cb/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/cb54-002_1899_July10_BarbCiv_HermannPaul_1500w.jpeg" style="float: left; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px;" alt="side by side images, one of a Chinese man holding down a Western soldier labeled 'Barbarie', and one of a Western soldier holding down a Chinese man labeled 'Civilisation'" width="60%" /><em style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">"Barbarie — Civilisation" Full caption: “It’s all a matter of perspective. When a Chinese coolie strikes a French soldier the result is a public cry of ‘Barbarity!’ But when a French soldier strikes a coolie, it’s a necessary blow for civilization.</em><span style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></p>
<p><span style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">Le Cri de Paris, July 10, 1899. Artist: René Georges Hermann-Paul. </span></p>
<p><span style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">[</span><a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/gallery/pages/cb54-002_1899_july10_2d6f45.htm" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; color: #009fe6;">cb54-002_1899_july10_2d6f45</a><span style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">]</span><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> </span></p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video II-01: Figure 1: “Barbarie — Civilisation”</h3>
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<legend id="6ab54e64c3b14df6adce1b0ff41b2d90_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">How does this French cartoon point to the inadequacy of the neat divide that many war enthusiasts and imperialists posed between civilization and barbarity?</legend>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Figure 2. “From the Cape to Cairo.”</h2>
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<p>Your professors discuss a British view (as depicted in an American cartoon) on the discourse of civilization and barbarism. How was it deployed in support of imperialism? After watching the video, answer the accompanying question.</p>
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<p><img src="/assets/courseware/v1/9dcd4d6da565e75540e5f5b3713700d0/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/cb01-026_puck_1902_Dec10_CapeToCairo_loc_c_1500w.jpeg" alt="Britannia, brandishing the flag of 'civilization', leads white troops and settlers against native forces under the banner of 'barbarism'" style="float: left; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px;" width="60%" /><em style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">"From the Cape to Cairo. </span></em><span style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">Though the Process Be Costly, The Road of Progress Must be Cut" </span></p>
<p><span style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">Puck, December 10, 1902. Artist: Udo Keppler Source: Library of Congress [<a href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/ppmsca.25696/" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; color: #009fe6;">view</a>]. </span></p>
<p><span style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">[<a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/gallery/pages/cb01-026_puck_1902_d_2d77a3.htm" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; color: #009fe6;">cb01-026_puck_1902_d_2d77a3</a>]</span></p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video II-02: Figure 2 - “From the Cape to Cairo.”</h3>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Figure 3. “Some One Must Back Up.”</h2>
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<p>This image introduces a key assumption and concept at the heart of civilization discourse: progress. After you watch the video and study the image, answer the question below.</p>
<p><img src="/assets/courseware/v1/85aeffd64366c6fd1ee2c9ae3090c5d1/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/cb27-004_1900_Judge_BackUp_000016_1500w.jpeg" alt="Uncle Sam in a modern vehicle with a cannon and other Western technologies labeled 'progress' facing a Chinese man riding a dragon and holding the banner '400 million barbarians'" width="60%" style="float: left; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px;" /><em style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">"Some One Must Back Up." </em></p>
<p><span style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;">Judge, December 8, 1900. Artist: Victor Gallam. Source: Widener Library, Harvard University.</span></p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video II-03: Figure 3 - “Some One Must Back Up."</h3>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Figure 4. “Uncle Sam—Guess I’ll keep ‘em!”</h2>
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<p>Here, your professors discuss the myth of an "accidental" US empire. How did popular American press help justify the occupation of the Philippines? Study the figure of Uncle Sam who comments, "Guess I'll keep 'em!"</p>
<p><img src="/assets/courseware/v1/487ff3c38ae014ec1a84c2af2761a226/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/cb24-132_1898_June9_LesliesWk_KeepEm_eis.jpg" alt="Uncle Sam looking through a magnifying glass at the Philippine Islands on a globe" width="60%" style="float: left; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px;" /><em style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline;">"Uncle Sam </span>— Guess I'll keep 'em!" </em></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Leslie's Weekly, June 9, 1898, NYC. Artist: E.N. Blue. Source: Author. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">[</span><a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/cb_gallery.html" target="[object Object]" style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; transition: color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none; color: #009fe6;">cb23-132_1898_june9_2d5985</a><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">]</span></p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video II-04: Figure 4 - “Uncle Sam—Guess I’ll keep ‘em!” </h3>
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<legend id="23dfa65e763d49d3a2da84461e19372d_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">What are the characterizations of American empire that this image of Uncle Sam would suggest? Check all that apply.</legend>
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_23dfa65e763d49d3a2da84461e19372d_2_1[]" id="input_23dfa65e763d49d3a2da84461e19372d_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_0"/><label id="23dfa65e763d49d3a2da84461e19372d_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_23dfa65e763d49d3a2da84461e19372d_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_23dfa65e763d49d3a2da84461e19372d_2_1"> That American empire is intentionally built by the U.S. government
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_23dfa65e763d49d3a2da84461e19372d_2_1[]" id="input_23dfa65e763d49d3a2da84461e19372d_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_1"/><label id="23dfa65e763d49d3a2da84461e19372d_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_23dfa65e763d49d3a2da84461e19372d_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_23dfa65e763d49d3a2da84461e19372d_2_1"> That the American acquisition of the Philippines was "by accident"
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Optional: Reading, Chapter 1. Introduction</h2>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Civilization & Barbarism, Chapter 1: Introduction</h3>
<p>You will enjoy scrolling through and reading Chapter 1 from the Visualizing Cultures essay on which this module is based.</p>
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<p>To read the chapter on the Visualizing Cultures website, <a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/civilization_and_barbarism/cb_essay01.html" target="[object Object]">click here</a>. </p>
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