<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@vertical+block@bd832f4105ed436999f716feecc1ffcb" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019" data-block-type="vertical" data-has-score="False" data-graded="True" data-request-token="af66201efed011ee9bb916fff75c5923">
<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Introduction to Day 24</h2>
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@html+block@1116a9eb4d41448dae845f3d0015d81d">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@html+block@1116a9eb4d41448dae845f3d0015d81d" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019" data-block-type="html" data-has-score="False" data-graded="True" data-request-token="af66201efed011ee9bb916fff75c5923">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<p><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Today, we will be discussing the various aspects of colonial transformations and their photographic (and occasionally phonographic) representations. As American colonialists brought the gadgets of "modernity" to the Philippines, from automobiles and paved roads to recorded sound, they also recognized the value of juxtaposing these symbols of "civilization" with indigenous Filipinos in traditional dress, who often are depicted as looking on in wonder and awe. These are all the images that we will be working with. Take a look, and then move on to the videos and exercises.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline;">Warning on viewing historical images</strong>: Images from the past can be offensive to view. By showing certain images or discussing certain topics, we do not endorse the views or opinions they present, but seek to understand the past, even when it is difficult to look at in the present. This course does not reflect the views of MIT, MITx, EdX or Visualizing Cultures.</span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@html+block@078f633f41704d07bdc417e5562ec13f">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@html+block@078f633f41704d07bdc417e5562ec13f" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019" data-block-type="html" data-has-score="False" data-graded="True" data-request-token="af66201efed011ee9bb916fff75c5923">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<p>
<script>// <![CDATA[
var data = [ '/assets/courseware/v1/e8efe27a65b5fd826004070af7aa8a66/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/dw08A112_fromUM.jpg', '<em>“Bontoc Igorots in automobile,”</em> 1904. Location: Manila',
'/assets/courseware/v1/041bc1cd6666d140bd07f2c18dd25fc0/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/dw08F021_fromUM.jpg', '<em>“Making a phonograph record. Group of Lubuagan men singing,”</em> 1908. Location: Lubuagan, Bontoc.',
'/assets/courseware/v1/fa9019226f9c87c721ad1ea98f3257ec/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/PPP_v1_dictaphone.jpg','<em>Entertaining the Kalingas. They are listening with great interest to the reproduction of a speech which one of their chiefs has just made into the receiving horn of a dictaphone.”</em> from Dean C. Worcester, The Philippines Past and Present (New York: Macmillan, 1914), v1, p 464<br>Depictions of rural Filipinos encountering American colonial officials often showed Filipinos awed by western technology, juxtaposing two ways of life, one marked as advanced, the other as backward.',
'/assets/courseware/v1/80714f352806f3b831498f2c3ad7bd82/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/ng1210-1211-iPhone_3123.jpg', '“An Old Trail with Its Foot Bridge”</em> and <em>“On the New Benguet Road”</em> National Geographic, November 1913.<br>Caption (left): “The so-called trails were in most cases mere foot-tracks made by the wild men, over which the tough and sure-footed Philippine ponies could not even be led” (see text, page 1240)<br>Caption (right): “This picture shows a remarkable contrast between old and new when compared with one of the old trails shown on page 1210. For 21 miles this road runs through scenery which for beauty cannot be excelled anywhere in the world.',
'/assets/courseware/v1/33c735afc0a76bf263d191ec162343af/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/ng1242-iPhone_3126.jpg', '<em>“Ifugao Boys Splitting Rock”</em> National Geographic, November 1913<br>Caption: These little savages, previously absolutely without experience, learned in a few weeks to split, shape, and face rock for building stone.',
'/assets/courseware/v1/618f0477bea3961737276cdd544efcba/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/ng1244-iPhone_3127.jpg', '<em>“Building Stone Split and Cut by Young Ifugao Boys”</em> National Geographic, November 1913',
'/assets/courseware/v1/ce81ff56e86f928cda07e7588ce46212/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/ng1246-iPhone_3128.jpg', '<em>“Stone Work done by Ifugao Boys”</em> National Geographic, November 1913<br>Caption: At Quiangan a stone school-house is being built by Ifugao boys, who have cut, faced, and laid the stone. This photograph also shows the boys who did the work and the American who taught them to do it.',
'/assets/courseware/v1/d67d126a4a8628b59eb522d23a3796b4/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/dw39e009_schoolroom.jpg', '<em>“Group of Ilocano and Gad-Dane school boys, with their American teachers,”</em> 1905. Location: Echague, Isabela',
'/assets/courseware/v1/d4f9b364831ed1374509225fc4d2497d/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/dw08A051_fromUM.jpg', 'Set of three images: <em>“Bontoc Igorot warriors of the old school and new school,”</em> 1903. Location: Bontoc.<br>Shows men first in traditional dress with shields and spears, and then in U.S. military uniforms, the series boasts of the elimination of their traditional Filipino ways of life.',
'/assets/courseware/v1/7843ec6e87a7c891503fd8ec28686171/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/dw08A052_fromUM.jpg', '',
'/assets/courseware/v1/f054b868485579cca1a76d170ea03dc2/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/dw08A053_fromUM.jpg', '',
'/assets/courseware/v1/9e2a298f595b024101cbe58d5756cf0f/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/1914_PhilPstPres_v2_2page-spread.jpg', 'Set of two images: <em>“The Metamorphosis of a Bontoc Igorot. Two photographs of a Pit-a-pit, a Bontoc Igorot boy. The second was taken nine years after the first.”</em> Title page and frontispiece, Dean C. Worcester, The Philippines Past and Present (1914).',
'/assets/courseware/v1/2c7ed5899251fce502a140e488c82248/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/1914_PhilPstPres_v2_frontis_closeup.jpg', 'The text explains that the man became a doctor. By including the contrasting images of a barefoot boy and a white-suited man as the first pictures in his book, Dean Worcester presented images as evidence of the achievements of the colonial project.']; //data has image name, then caption if applicable.
var captions = true; //set to false if you don't want captions, set to true if you do.
var sidebarOpen = false; //lets toggleSidebar function know whether it's open or not.
var bookmark = 0; //sets the album start on the index of data (first image)
function album(data,index){
$('#vpxMain').append("<div id='vpxOverlay'><img alt='' id='vpxImage' src='" + data[index] + "'/><button type='button' id='vpxLeft' onclick='turnPage(-2)' class='asText'><img alt='left button' src='/assets/courseware/v1/5f6befa3d9798df3a129c4f061fdfec0/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/left.png'/></button><button type='button' id='vpxRight' onclick='turnPage(2)' class='asText'><img alt='right button' src='/assets/courseware/v1/37f47577dcbcd2016ae60761c914b84f/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/right.png'/><button class='asText' id='vpxClose' onclick='closeAlbum()'><p style='color:white';>[X] Return to Thumbnails</p></button></div>"); //create the overlay. This is made to cover the avaliable space, and fixed so scrolling is ineffectual.
if(captions){ //only add sidebar if you want captions
$('#vpxOverlay').append("<div id='vpxSidebar'><p id='vpxVert' onclick='toggleSidebar()'><strong>Show Info</strong></p><p id='vpxData'>" + data[index+1] + "</p></div>");
}
bookmark = index
//need to make sure the sidebar is properly hidden with tab showing.
var right = Number($('#vpxSidebar').css('width').slice(0,-2)) - 40; //width of the sidebar minus the tab that needs to show (negative).
$('#vpxSidebar').css('right','-'+right+'px'); //pull it right offscreen by this much
var shift = (Number($('#vpxSidebar').css('height').slice(0,-2))-60)/2; //equation gotten by seeing what screen sizes needed what margin for the vertical text to show up right.
$('#vpxVert').css('margin-left','' + shift + 'px');
toggleSidebar();
}
window.onresize = function(){
if(!sidebarOpen){ //only change the sidebar shift if it's still closed.
var right = Number($('#vpxSidebar').css('width').slice(0,-2)) - 40; //width of the sidebar minus the tab that needs to show (negative).
$('#vpxSidebar').css('right','-'+right+'px'); //pull it right offscreen by this much
}
var shift = (Number($('#vpxSidebar').css('height').slice(0,-2))-60)/2; //equation gotten by seeing what screen sizes needed what margin for the vertical text to show up right.
$('#vpxVert').css('margin-left','' + shift + 'px');
}
function closeAlbum(){
$('#vpxOverlay').remove();
}
$(document).keyup(function(e) {
if (e.keyCode == 27) { // Esc
closeAlbum();
}
else if (e.keyCode == 39) {
turnPage(2);
}
else if (e.keyCode == 37) {
turnPage(-2);
}
});
function turnPage(direction){
bookmark += direction; //left calls this with -2, right calls it with +2
if(bookmark===-2){ //check if we're wrapping around the back of the album
bookmark = data.length - 2; //get to last item in data
}
if(bookmark===data.length){ //check if we're at the end and wrapping around to the front
bookmark = 0; //go back to the first item in data
}
$('#vpxImage').attr('src',data[bookmark]);
$('#vpxData').empty().append(data[bookmark+1]);
}
function toggleSidebar(){
if(sidebarOpen){ //if the sidebar is currently open
var right = Number($('#vpxSidebar').css('width').slice(0,-2)) - 40; //width of the sidebar minus the tab that needs to show (negative).
$('#vpxSidebar').animate({'right':'-' + right + 'px'},function(){
sidebarOpen = false;
$('#vpxVert').empty().append('<button type="button" class="asText"><strong>Show Info</strong></button>');
$('#vpxImage').css('max-height','100%');
});
}
else{ //if the sidebar is closed.
$('#vpxSidebar').animate({'right':'0px'},function(){
sidebarOpen = true;
$('#vpxVert').empty().append('<button type="button" class="asText"><strong>Hide Info</strong></button>');
$('#vpxImage').css('max-height','70%');
});
}
}
// ]]></script>
</p>
<h3>Image Gallery</h3>
<style><!--
#vpxMain{
font-family:'open sans';
font-size:12pt;
}
#vpxOverlay{
position:fixed;
width:100%;
height:100%;
background:url('/assets/courseware/v1/6f040fbb4f806379997b7068fda1fe78/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/overlay.png') repeat;
top:0;
left:0;
z-index:999;
}
#vpxImage{
display:block;
margin:auto;
max-width:88%;
max-height:100%;
}
#vpxLeft{
position:absolute;
display:block;
top:45%;
left:10px;
width:60px;
height:auto;
cursor:pointer;
}
#vpxRight{
position:absolute;
display:block;
top:45%;
right:10px;
width:60px;
height:auto;
cursor:pointer;
}
#vpxClose{
position:absolute;
top:5px;
right:5px;
margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;
color:white;
font-family:'open sans';
cursor:pointer;
}
#vpxSidebar{
position:absolute;
bottom:0px;
width:100%;
height:30%;
border-bottom-left-radius:10px;
border-top-left-radius:10px;
background-color:#E2E2E2;
}
#vpxVert{
position:relative;
display:inline-block;
float:left;
height:100%;
margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;
transform:rotate(270deg);
-ms-transform:rotate(270deg); /* IE 9 */
-webkit-transform:rotate(270deg); /* Opera, Chrome, and Safari */
cursor:pointer;
}
#vpxData{
position:absolute;
left:40px;
right:40px;
height:90%;
overflow:auto;
}
.asText {
background:none;
border:none;
margin:0;
padding:0;
}
--></style>
<div id="vpxMain" style="overflow: hidden;">
<table style="width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="33%"><img href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,0)" style="cursor: pointer;" alt="Image of three Filipino men carrying wooden spears and shields sitting in an automobile on a grass field" src="/assets/courseware/v1/e8efe27a65b5fd826004070af7aa8a66/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/dw08A112_fromUM.jpg" /></td>
<td width="33%"><img href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,2)" style="cursor: pointer;" alt="Group of Filipino men squatting in the grass, wearing straw capes and carrying wooden poles, sitting in front of a phonograph" src="/assets/courseware/v1/041bc1cd6666d140bd07f2c18dd25fc0/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/dw08F021_fromUM.jpg" /></td>
<td width="33%"><img href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,4)" style="cursor: pointer;" alt="White man in the front, holding the receiving horn of a dictaphone towards a crowd of Filipino men watching him, standing and squatting" src="/assets/courseware/v1/fa9019226f9c87c721ad1ea98f3257ec/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/PPP_v1_dictaphone.jpg" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><img href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,6)" style="cursor: pointer;" alt="Image of before and after of a hill trail road; left shows uneven path, trees and vegetation; right shows a flattened road, no trees and vegetation.n" src="/assets/courseware/v1/80714f352806f3b831498f2c3ad7bd82/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/ng1210-1211-iPhone_3123.jpg" /></td>
<td><img href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,8)" style="cursor: pointer;" alt="Filipino men standing in a circle, next to a railroad surrounded by large pieces of stone. " src="/assets/courseware/v1/33c735afc0a76bf263d191ec162343af/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/ng1242-iPhone_3126.jpg" /></td>
<td><img href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,10)" style="cursor: pointer;" alt="Filipino men standing in the distance facing camera, surrounded by cut, rectangular stone blocks" src="/assets/courseware/v1/618f0477bea3961737276cdd544efcba/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/ng1244-iPhone_3127.jpg" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><img href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,12)" style="cursor: pointer;" alt="Group of Filipino boys standing behind a white man, in front of a stone wall built with cut stones. " src="/assets/courseware/v1/ce81ff56e86f928cda07e7588ce46212/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/ng1246-iPhone_3128.jpg" /></td>
<td><img href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,14)" style="cursor: pointer;" alt="4 rows of Filipino men and boys in white suits in a large indoor room; the first row sitting on floor, the second on chairs, the third and fourth standing; two American flags hang in the background; White man in a dark suit sitting in the middle of the second row" src="/assets/courseware/v1/d67d126a4a8628b59eb522d23a3796b4/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/dw39e009_schoolroom.jpg" /></td>
<td><img href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,16)" style="cursor: pointer;" alt="Row of Filipino men carrying spears and wooden spears, topless on a grass field" src="/assets/courseware/v1/d4f9b364831ed1374509225fc4d2497d/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/dw08A051_fromUM.jpg" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><img href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,18)" style="cursor: pointer;" alt="Row of Filipino men; left half carrying spears and wooden spears, topless, right half in white soldiers' uniform with rifle and standing at attention on a grass field" src="/assets/courseware/v1/7843ec6e87a7c891503fd8ec28686171/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/dw08A052_fromUM.jpg" /></td>
<td><img href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,20)" style="cursor: pointer;" alt="Row of Filipino men in white soldiers' uniform with rifle and standing at attention on a grass field" src="/assets/courseware/v1/f054b868485579cca1a76d170ea03dc2/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/dw08A053_fromUM.jpg" /></td>
<td><img href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,22)" style="cursor: pointer;" alt="Two pages of book; left of two images, one of young topless Filipino boy in loincloth smiling at camera, second of young, unsmiling Filipino man in white suit, holding hat in hands; second is title page of Worcester's book" src="/assets/courseware/v1/9e2a298f595b024101cbe58d5756cf0f/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/1914_PhilPstPres_v2_2page-spread.jpg" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><img href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,24)" style="cursor: pointer;" alt="two images, one of young topless Filipino boy in loincloth smiling at camera, second of young, unsmiling Filipino man in white suit, holding hat in hands;" src="/assets/courseware/v1/2c7ed5899251fce502a140e488c82248/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/1914_PhilPstPres_v2_frontis_closeup.jpg" /></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-2" data-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@html+block@f7e1a7e014fe41b89b7e7e0587077117">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@html+block@f7e1a7e014fe41b89b7e7e0587077117" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019" data-block-type="html" data-has-score="False" data-graded="True" data-request-token="af66201efed011ee9bb916fff75c5923">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<p><strong>Image Credits </strong>(from left to right, top to bottom): </p>
<p><em>“Bontoc Igorots in automobile,”</em> 1904. Location: Manila.</p>
<p><em>“Making a phonograph record. Group of Lubuagan men singing,”</em> 1908. Location: Lubuagan, Bontoc.</p>
<p><em>Entertaining the Kalingas. They are listening with great interest to the reproduction of a speech which one of their chiefs has just made into the receiving horn of a dictaphone.”</em> from Dean C. Worcester, The Philippines Past and Present (New York: Macmillan, 1914), v1, p 464</p>
<p><em>“An Old Trail with Its Foot Bridge”</em> and <em>“On the New Benguet Road”</em> National Geographic, November 1913.</p>
<p><em>“Ifugao Boys Splitting Rock”</em> National Geographic, November 1913</p>
<p><em>“Building Stone Split and Cut by Young Ifugao Boys”</em> National Geographic, November 1913</p>
<p><em>“Stone Work done by Ifugao Boys”</em> National Geographic, November 1913</p>
<p><em>“Group of Ilocano and Gad-Dane school boys, with their American teachers,”</em> 1905. Location: Echague, Isabela</p>
<p>Set of three images: <em> “Bontoc Igorot warriors of the old school and new school,”</em> 1903. Location: Bontoc</p>
<p>Set of two images: <em>“The Metamorphosis of a Bontoc Igorot. Two photographs of a Pit-a-pit, a Bontoc Igorot boy. The second was taken nine years after the first.”</em> Title page and frontispiece, Dean C. Worcester, The Philippines Past and Present (1914).</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@vertical+block@16f15551c530443bbc5fc2ff5671854a" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019" data-block-type="vertical" data-has-score="False" data-graded="True" data-request-token="af66201efed011ee9bb916fff75c5923">
<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">“Modern” Technologies: Automobile</h2>
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@html+block@3bca3d1ab166449c836f841c97f226ed">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@html+block@3bca3d1ab166449c836f841c97f226ed" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019" data-block-type="html" data-has-score="False" data-graded="True" data-request-token="af66201efed011ee9bb916fff75c5923">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<p>Another important respect of the colonial gaze is the use of technological and other “modern” material artifacts as a juxtaposition against Filipino backwardness. In this video, your professors discuss the symbolic and rhetorical effects achieved by featuring the gadgets of “civilization” alongside supposedly “uncivilized” people. After you watch the video, please complete the exercise.</p>
<script>// <![CDATA[
var data = [ "/assets/courseware/v1/e8efe27a65b5fd826004070af7aa8a66/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/dw08A112_fromUM.jpg", '']; //data has image name, then caption if applicable.
var captions = false; //set to false if you don't want captions, set to true if you do.
var sidebarOpen = false; //lets toggleSidebar function know whether it's open or not.
var bookmark = 0; //sets the album start on the index of data (first image)
function album(data,index){
$('#vpxMain').append("<div id='vpxOverlay'><img alt='' id='vpxImage' src='" + data[index] + "'/><button type='button' id='vpxLeft' onclick='turnPage(-2)' class='asText'><img alt='left button' src='/assets/courseware/v1/5f6befa3d9798df3a129c4f061fdfec0/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/left.png'/></button><button type='button' id='vpxRight' onclick='turnPage(2)' class='asText'><img alt='right button' src='/assets/courseware/v1/37f47577dcbcd2016ae60761c914b84f/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/right.png'/><button class='asText' id='vpxClose' onclick='closeAlbum()'><p style='color:white';>[X] Return to Thumbnails</p></button></div>"); //create the overlay. This is made to cover the avaliable space, and fixed so scrolling is ineffectual.
if(captions){ //only add sidebar if you want captions
$('#vpxOverlay').append("<div id='vpxSidebar'><p id='vpxVert' onclick='toggleSidebar()'><strong>Show Info</strong></p><p id='vpxData'>" + data[index+1] + "</p></div>");
}
bookmark = index
//need to make sure the sidebar is properly hidden with tab showing.
var right = Number($('#vpxSidebar').css('width').slice(0,-2)) - 40; //width of the sidebar minus the tab that needs to show (negative).
$('#vpxSidebar').css('right','-'+right+'px'); //pull it right offscreen by this much
var shift = (Number($('#vpxSidebar').css('height').slice(0,-2))-60)/2; //equation gotten by seeing what screen sizes needed what margin for the vertical text to show up right.
$('#vpxVert').css('margin-left','' + shift + 'px');
toggleSidebar();
}
window.onresize = function(){
if(!sidebarOpen){ //only change the sidebar shift if it's still closed.
var right = Number($('#vpxSidebar').css('width').slice(0,-2)) - 40; //width of the sidebar minus the tab that needs to show (negative).
$('#vpxSidebar').css('right','-'+right+'px'); //pull it right offscreen by this much
}
var shift = (Number($('#vpxSidebar').css('height').slice(0,-2))-60)/2; //equation gotten by seeing what screen sizes needed what margin for the vertical text to show up right.
$('#vpxVert').css('margin-left','' + shift + 'px');
}
function closeAlbum(){
$('#vpxOverlay').remove();
}
$(document).keyup(function(e) {
if (e.keyCode == 27) { // Esc
closeAlbum();
}
else if (e.keyCode == 39) {
turnPage(2);
}
else if (e.keyCode == 37) {
turnPage(-2);
}
});
function turnPage(direction){
bookmark += direction; //left calls this with -2, right calls it with +2
if(bookmark===-2){ //check if we're wrapping around the back of the album
bookmark = data.length - 2; //get to last item in data
}
if(bookmark===data.length){ //check if we're at the end and wrapping around to the front
bookmark = 0; //go back to the first item in data
}
$('#vpxImage').attr('src',data[bookmark]);
$('#vpxData').empty().append(data[bookmark+1]);
}
function toggleSidebar(){
if(sidebarOpen){ //if the sidebar is currently open
var right = Number($('#vpxSidebar').css('width').slice(0,-2)) - 40; //width of the sidebar minus the tab that needs to show (negative).
$('#vpxSidebar').animate({'right':'-' + right + 'px'},function(){
sidebarOpen = false;
$('#vpxVert').empty().append('<button type="button" class="asText"><strong>Show Info</strong></button>');
$('#vpxImage').css('max-height','100%');
});
}
else{ //if the sidebar is closed.
$('#vpxSidebar').animate({'right':'0px'},function(){
sidebarOpen = true;
$('#vpxVert').empty().append('<button type="button" class="asText"><strong>Hide Info</strong></button>');
$('#vpxImage').css('max-height','70%');
});
}
}
// ]]></script>
<style><!--
#vpxMain{
font-family:'open sans';
font-size:12pt;
}
#vpxOverlay{
position:fixed;
width:100%;
height:100%;
background:url('/assets/courseware/v1/6f040fbb4f806379997b7068fda1fe78/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/overlay.png') repeat;
top:0;
left:0;
z-index:999;
}
#vpxImage{
display:block;
margin:auto;
max-width:88%;
max-height:100%;
}
#vpxLeft{
position:absolute;
display:block;
top:45%;
left:10px;
width:60px;
height:auto;
cursor:pointer;
}
#vpxRight{
position:absolute;
display:block;
top:45%;
right:10px;
width:60px;
height:auto;
cursor:pointer;
}
#vpxClose{
position:absolute;
top:5px;
right:5px;
margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;
color:white;
font-family:'open sans';
cursor:pointer;
}
#vpxSidebar{
position:absolute;
bottom:0px;
width:100%;
height:30%;
border-bottom-left-radius:10px;
border-top-left-radius:10px;
background-color:#E2E2E2;
}
#vpxVert{
position:relative;
display:inline-block;
float:left;
height:100%;
margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;
transform:rotate(270deg);
-ms-transform:rotate(270deg); /* IE 9 */
-webkit-transform:rotate(270deg); /* Opera, Chrome, and Safari */
cursor:pointer;
}
#vpxData{
position:absolute;
left:40px;
right:40px;
height:90%;
overflow:auto;
}
.asText {
background:none;
border:none;
margin:0;
padding:0;
}
--></style>
<div id="vpxMain" style="overflow: hidden;"><img style="float: left; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 0px;" alt="Image of three Filipino men carrying wooden spears and shields sitting in an automobile on a grass field" width="60%" href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,0)" src="/assets/courseware/v1/e8efe27a65b5fd826004070af7aa8a66/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/dw08A112_fromUM.jpg" />
<p>Figure 34. “Bontoc Igorots in automobile,” 1904. Location: Manila</p>
</div>
<p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@e81f587597774372873c67727719abde">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@e81f587597774372873c67727719abde" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019" data-block-type="video" data-has-score="False" data-graded="True" data-request-token="af66201efed011ee9bb916fff75c5923">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Video"}
</script>
<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video IV-25: "Modern" Technologies: Automobile</h3>
<div
id="video_e81f587597774372873c67727719abde"
class="video closed"
data-metadata='{"speed": null, "publishCompletionUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@e81f587597774372873c67727719abde/handler/publish_completion", "streams": "1.00:5uuewzOzDm0", "prioritizeHls": false, "completionEnabled": false, "autoAdvance": false, "captionDataDir": null, "transcriptLanguages": {"en": "English"}, "recordedYoutubeIsAvailable": true, "showCaptions": "true", "completionPercentage": 0.95, "saveStateUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@e81f587597774372873c67727719abde/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state", "ytMetadataEndpoint": "", "duration": 0.0, "autohideHtml5": false, "transcriptLanguage": "en", "ytApiUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api", "lmsRootURL": "https://openlearninglibrary.mit.edu", "sources": [], "transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@e81f587597774372873c67727719abde/handler/transcript/available_translations", "savedVideoPosition": 0.0, "transcriptTranslationUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@e81f587597774372873c67727719abde/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__", "saveStateEnabled": false, "ytTestTimeout": 1500, "poster": null, "autoplay": false, "generalSpeed": 1.0, "start": 0.0, "end": 0.0}'
data-bumper-metadata='null'
data-autoadvance-enabled="False"
data-poster='null'
tabindex="-1"
>
<div class="focus_grabber first"></div>
<div class="tc-wrapper">
<div class="video-wrapper">
<span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span>
<span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span>
<div class="video-player-pre"></div>
<div class="video-player">
<div id="e81f587597774372873c67727719abde"></div>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden">
Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser.
</h4>
</div>
<div class="video-player-post"></div>
<div class="closed-captions"></div>
<div class="video-controls is-hidden">
<div>
<div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div>
<div class="secondary-controls"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="focus_grabber last"></div>
<h3 class="hd hd-4 downloads-heading sr" id="video-download-transcripts_e81f587597774372873c67727719abde">Downloads and transcripts</h3>
<div class="wrapper-downloads" role="region" aria-labelledby="video-download-transcripts_e81f587597774372873c67727719abde">
<div class="wrapper-download-transcripts">
<h4 class="hd hd-5">Transcripts</h4>
<ul class="list-download-transcripts">
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@e81f587597774372873c67727719abde/handler/transcript/download" data-value="srt">Download SubRip (.srt) file</a>
</li>
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@e81f587597774372873c67727719abde/handler/transcript/download" data-value="txt">Download Text (.txt) file</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-2" data-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@problem+block@d867c54d2389445a87ece8c2209b8eab">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@problem+block@d867c54d2389445a87ece8c2209b8eab" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019" data-block-type="problem" data-has-score="True" data-graded="True" data-request-token="af66201efed011ee9bb916fff75c5923">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Problem"}
</script>
<div id="problem_d867c54d2389445a87ece8c2209b8eab" class="problems-wrapper" role="group"
aria-labelledby="d867c54d2389445a87ece8c2209b8eab-problem-title"
data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@problem+block@d867c54d2389445a87ece8c2209b8eab" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@problem+block@d867c54d2389445a87ece8c2209b8eab/handler/xmodule_handler"
data-problem-score="0"
data-problem-total-possible="1"
data-attempts-used="0"
data-content="
<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="d867c54d2389445a87ece8c2209b8eab-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@problem+block@d867c54d2389445a87ece8c2209b8eab-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Multiple Choice
</h3>
<div class="problem-progress" id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@problem+block@d867c54d2389445a87ece8c2209b8eab-problem-progress"></div>
<div class="problem">
<div>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_d867c54d2389445a87ece8c2209b8eab_2_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_d867c54d2389445a87ece8c2209b8eab_2_1">
<legend id="d867c54d2389445a87ece8c2209b8eab_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">In this image, the contrast between the most advanced model of automobile at the time (1904) and the traditional dress of the Filipino men sitting in the vehicle suggests which of the following?</legend>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_d867c54d2389445a87ece8c2209b8eab_2_1" id="input_d867c54d2389445a87ece8c2209b8eab_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="d867c54d2389445a87ece8c2209b8eab_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_d867c54d2389445a87ece8c2209b8eab_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d867c54d2389445a87ece8c2209b8eab_2_1"> That indigenous Filipinos have enthusiastically adopted all of the gadgets of modernity
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_d867c54d2389445a87ece8c2209b8eab_2_1" id="input_d867c54d2389445a87ece8c2209b8eab_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="d867c54d2389445a87ece8c2209b8eab_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_d867c54d2389445a87ece8c2209b8eab_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d867c54d2389445a87ece8c2209b8eab_2_1"> That while Euro-Americans have &#8220;mastered&#8221; time, indigenous Filipinos seemingly reside outside of time
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_d867c54d2389445a87ece8c2209b8eab_2_1" id="input_d867c54d2389445a87ece8c2209b8eab_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="d867c54d2389445a87ece8c2209b8eab_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_d867c54d2389445a87ece8c2209b8eab_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d867c54d2389445a87ece8c2209b8eab_2_1"> That the collaboration of Euro-Americans and indigenous peoples can result in greater technological advances
</label>
</div>
<span id="answer_d867c54d2389445a87ece8c2209b8eab_2_1"/>
</fieldset>
<div class="indicator-container">
<span class="status unanswered" id="status_d867c54d2389445a87ece8c2209b8eab_2_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered.">
<span class="sr">unanswered</span><span class="status-icon" aria-hidden="true"/>
</span>
</div>
</div></div>
</div>
<div class="action">
<input type="hidden" name="problem_id" value="Multiple Choice" />
<div class="submit-attempt-container">
<button type="button" class="submit btn-brand" data-submitting="Submitting" data-value="Submit" data-should-enable-submit-button="True" aria-describedby="submission_feedback_d867c54d2389445a87ece8c2209b8eab" >
<span class="submit-label">Submit</span>
</button>
<div class="submission-feedback" id="submission_feedback_d867c54d2389445a87ece8c2209b8eab">
<span class="sr">Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="problem-action-buttons-wrapper">
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-gentle-alert
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-exclamation-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="d867c54d2389445a87ece8c2209b8eab-problem-title">
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-save
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-save" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="d867c54d2389445a87ece8c2209b8eab-problem-title">None
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification general notification-show-answer
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-info-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="d867c54d2389445a87ece8c2209b8eab-problem-title">Answers are displayed within the problem
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
"
data-graded="True">
<p class="loading-spinner">
<i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
<span class="sr">Loading…</span>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@vertical+block@5413fabdd0c34b298b0195065e01aa2b" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019" data-block-type="vertical" data-has-score="False" data-graded="True" data-request-token="af66201efed011ee9bb916fff75c5923">
<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">“Modern” Technologies: Sound Recording</h2>
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@html+block@ec8406d8f5c0454ea91d8e38d767c7f7">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@html+block@ec8406d8f5c0454ea91d8e38d767c7f7" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019" data-block-type="html" data-has-score="False" data-graded="True" data-request-token="af66201efed011ee9bb916fff75c5923">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<p>Now, turn your attention to this image, which juxtaposes the technology of sound recording against indigenous Lubuagan men in traditional dress. In this video, your professors discuss the wider context of sound technology as a facilitator of global colonialism, as well as the reality that only a few decades prior, Europeans and Americans would have responded to a phonograph with a similar wonder and astonishment. After you watch the video, please complete the exercise.</p>
<p></p>
<script>// <![CDATA[
var data = [ "/assets/courseware/v1/041bc1cd6666d140bd07f2c18dd25fc0/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/dw08F021_fromUM.jpg", '']; //data has image name, then caption if applicable.
var captions = false; //set to false if you don't want captions, set to true if you do.
var sidebarOpen = false; //lets toggleSidebar function know whether it's open or not.
var bookmark = 0; //sets the album start on the index of data (first image)
function album(data,index){
$('#vpxMain').append("<div id='vpxOverlay'><img alt='' id='vpxImage' src='" + data[index] + "'/><button type='button' id='vpxLeft' onclick='turnPage(-2)' class='asText'><img alt='left button' src='/assets/courseware/v1/5f6befa3d9798df3a129c4f061fdfec0/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/left.png'/></button><button type='button' id='vpxRight' onclick='turnPage(2)' class='asText'><img alt='right button' src='/assets/courseware/v1/37f47577dcbcd2016ae60761c914b84f/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/right.png'/><button class='asText' id='vpxClose' onclick='closeAlbum()'><p style='color:white';>[X] Return to Thumbnails</p></button></div>"); //create the overlay. This is made to cover the avaliable space, and fixed so scrolling is ineffectual.
if(captions){ //only add sidebar if you want captions
$('#vpxOverlay').append("<div id='vpxSidebar'><p id='vpxVert' onclick='toggleSidebar()'><strong>Show Info</strong></p><p id='vpxData'>" + data[index+1] + "</p></div>");
}
bookmark = index
//need to make sure the sidebar is properly hidden with tab showing.
var right = Number($('#vpxSidebar').css('width').slice(0,-2)) - 40; //width of the sidebar minus the tab that needs to show (negative).
$('#vpxSidebar').css('right','-'+right+'px'); //pull it right offscreen by this much
var shift = (Number($('#vpxSidebar').css('height').slice(0,-2))-60)/2; //equation gotten by seeing what screen sizes needed what margin for the vertical text to show up right.
$('#vpxVert').css('margin-left','' + shift + 'px');
toggleSidebar();
}
window.onresize = function(){
if(!sidebarOpen){ //only change the sidebar shift if it's still closed.
var right = Number($('#vpxSidebar').css('width').slice(0,-2)) - 40; //width of the sidebar minus the tab that needs to show (negative).
$('#vpxSidebar').css('right','-'+right+'px'); //pull it right offscreen by this much
}
var shift = (Number($('#vpxSidebar').css('height').slice(0,-2))-60)/2; //equation gotten by seeing what screen sizes needed what margin for the vertical text to show up right.
$('#vpxVert').css('margin-left','' + shift + 'px');
}
function closeAlbum(){
$('#vpxOverlay').remove();
}
$(document).keyup(function(e) {
if (e.keyCode == 27) { // Esc
closeAlbum();
}
else if (e.keyCode == 39) {
turnPage(2);
}
else if (e.keyCode == 37) {
turnPage(-2);
}
});
function turnPage(direction){
bookmark += direction; //left calls this with -2, right calls it with +2
if(bookmark===-2){ //check if we're wrapping around the back of the album
bookmark = data.length - 2; //get to last item in data
}
if(bookmark===data.length){ //check if we're at the end and wrapping around to the front
bookmark = 0; //go back to the first item in data
}
$('#vpxImage').attr('src',data[bookmark]);
$('#vpxData').empty().append(data[bookmark+1]);
}
function toggleSidebar(){
if(sidebarOpen){ //if the sidebar is currently open
var right = Number($('#vpxSidebar').css('width').slice(0,-2)) - 40; //width of the sidebar minus the tab that needs to show (negative).
$('#vpxSidebar').animate({'right':'-' + right + 'px'},function(){
sidebarOpen = false;
$('#vpxVert').empty().append('<button type="button" class="asText"><strong>Show Info</strong></button>');
$('#vpxImage').css('max-height','100%');
});
}
else{ //if the sidebar is closed.
$('#vpxSidebar').animate({'right':'0px'},function(){
sidebarOpen = true;
$('#vpxVert').empty().append('<button type="button" class="asText"><strong>Hide Info</strong></button>');
$('#vpxImage').css('max-height','70%');
});
}
}
// ]]></script>
<style><!--
#vpxMain{
font-family:'open sans';
font-size:12pt;
}
#vpxOverlay{
position:fixed;
width:100%;
height:100%;
background:url('/assets/courseware/v1/6f040fbb4f806379997b7068fda1fe78/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/overlay.png') repeat;
top:0;
left:0;
z-index:999;
}
#vpxImage{
display:block;
margin:auto;
max-width:88%;
max-height:100%;
}
#vpxLeft{
position:absolute;
display:block;
top:45%;
left:10px;
width:60px;
height:auto;
cursor:pointer;
}
#vpxRight{
position:absolute;
display:block;
top:45%;
right:10px;
width:60px;
height:auto;
cursor:pointer;
}
#vpxClose{
position:absolute;
top:5px;
right:5px;
margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;
color:white;
font-family:'open sans';
cursor:pointer;
}
#vpxSidebar{
position:absolute;
bottom:0px;
width:100%;
height:30%;
border-bottom-left-radius:10px;
border-top-left-radius:10px;
background-color:#E2E2E2;
}
#vpxVert{
position:relative;
display:inline-block;
float:left;
height:100%;
margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;
transform:rotate(270deg);
-ms-transform:rotate(270deg); /* IE 9 */
-webkit-transform:rotate(270deg); /* Opera, Chrome, and Safari */
cursor:pointer;
}
#vpxData{
position:absolute;
left:40px;
right:40px;
height:90%;
overflow:auto;
}
.asText {
background:none;
border:none;
margin:0;
padding:0;
}
--></style>
<div id="vpxMain" style="overflow: hidden;"><img style="float: left; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 0px;" alt="Group of Filipino men squatting in the grass, wearing straw capes and carrying wooden poles, sitting in front of a phonograph" width="60%" href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,0)" src="/assets/courseware/v1/041bc1cd6666d140bd07f2c18dd25fc0/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/dw08F021_fromUM.jpg" />
<p>Figure 35. “Making a phonograph record. Group of Lubuagan men singing,” 1908. Location: Lubuagan, Bontoc</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@4b4f7ba92b964f8aaa84e3d8aafdecc2">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@4b4f7ba92b964f8aaa84e3d8aafdecc2" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019" data-block-type="video" data-has-score="False" data-graded="True" data-request-token="af66201efed011ee9bb916fff75c5923">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Video"}
</script>
<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video IV-26: “Modern” Technologies: Sound Recording</h3>
<div
id="video_4b4f7ba92b964f8aaa84e3d8aafdecc2"
class="video closed"
data-metadata='{"speed": null, "publishCompletionUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@4b4f7ba92b964f8aaa84e3d8aafdecc2/handler/publish_completion", "streams": "1.00:zxfLAKEVbhk", "prioritizeHls": false, "completionEnabled": false, "autoAdvance": false, "captionDataDir": null, "transcriptLanguages": {"en": "English"}, "recordedYoutubeIsAvailable": true, "showCaptions": "true", "completionPercentage": 0.95, "saveStateUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@4b4f7ba92b964f8aaa84e3d8aafdecc2/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state", "ytMetadataEndpoint": "", "duration": 0.0, "autohideHtml5": false, "transcriptLanguage": "en", "ytApiUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api", "lmsRootURL": "https://openlearninglibrary.mit.edu", "sources": [], "transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@4b4f7ba92b964f8aaa84e3d8aafdecc2/handler/transcript/available_translations", "savedVideoPosition": 0.0, "transcriptTranslationUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@4b4f7ba92b964f8aaa84e3d8aafdecc2/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__", "saveStateEnabled": false, "ytTestTimeout": 1500, "poster": null, "autoplay": false, "generalSpeed": 1.0, "start": 0.0, "end": 0.0}'
data-bumper-metadata='null'
data-autoadvance-enabled="False"
data-poster='null'
tabindex="-1"
>
<div class="focus_grabber first"></div>
<div class="tc-wrapper">
<div class="video-wrapper">
<span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span>
<span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span>
<div class="video-player-pre"></div>
<div class="video-player">
<div id="4b4f7ba92b964f8aaa84e3d8aafdecc2"></div>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden">
Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser.
</h4>
</div>
<div class="video-player-post"></div>
<div class="closed-captions"></div>
<div class="video-controls is-hidden">
<div>
<div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div>
<div class="secondary-controls"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="focus_grabber last"></div>
<h3 class="hd hd-4 downloads-heading sr" id="video-download-transcripts_4b4f7ba92b964f8aaa84e3d8aafdecc2">Downloads and transcripts</h3>
<div class="wrapper-downloads" role="region" aria-labelledby="video-download-transcripts_4b4f7ba92b964f8aaa84e3d8aafdecc2">
<div class="wrapper-download-transcripts">
<h4 class="hd hd-5">Transcripts</h4>
<ul class="list-download-transcripts">
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@4b4f7ba92b964f8aaa84e3d8aafdecc2/handler/transcript/download" data-value="srt">Download SubRip (.srt) file</a>
</li>
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@4b4f7ba92b964f8aaa84e3d8aafdecc2/handler/transcript/download" data-value="txt">Download Text (.txt) file</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-2" data-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@problem+block@fc54c8d4ca81425a88bb12bc210bfdfd">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@problem+block@fc54c8d4ca81425a88bb12bc210bfdfd" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019" data-block-type="problem" data-has-score="True" data-graded="True" data-request-token="af66201efed011ee9bb916fff75c5923">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Problem"}
</script>
<div id="problem_fc54c8d4ca81425a88bb12bc210bfdfd" class="problems-wrapper" role="group"
aria-labelledby="fc54c8d4ca81425a88bb12bc210bfdfd-problem-title"
data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@problem+block@fc54c8d4ca81425a88bb12bc210bfdfd" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@problem+block@fc54c8d4ca81425a88bb12bc210bfdfd/handler/xmodule_handler"
data-problem-score="0"
data-problem-total-possible="1"
data-attempts-used="0"
data-content="
<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="fc54c8d4ca81425a88bb12bc210bfdfd-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@problem+block@fc54c8d4ca81425a88bb12bc210bfdfd-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Checkboxes
</h3>
<div class="problem-progress" id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@problem+block@fc54c8d4ca81425a88bb12bc210bfdfd-problem-progress"></div>
<div class="problem">
<div>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_fc54c8d4ca81425a88bb12bc210bfdfd_2_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_fc54c8d4ca81425a88bb12bc210bfdfd_2_1">
<legend id="fc54c8d4ca81425a88bb12bc210bfdfd_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Which of the following statements, about the uses of colonial-era sound recordings in the present day, are true? Check all that apply.</legend>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_fc54c8d4ca81425a88bb12bc210bfdfd_2_1[]" id="input_fc54c8d4ca81425a88bb12bc210bfdfd_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_0"/><label id="fc54c8d4ca81425a88bb12bc210bfdfd_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_fc54c8d4ca81425a88bb12bc210bfdfd_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_fc54c8d4ca81425a88bb12bc210bfdfd_2_1"> One should unconditionally accept the information gleaned from the recordings
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_fc54c8d4ca81425a88bb12bc210bfdfd_2_1[]" id="input_fc54c8d4ca81425a88bb12bc210bfdfd_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_1"/><label id="fc54c8d4ca81425a88bb12bc210bfdfd_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_fc54c8d4ca81425a88bb12bc210bfdfd_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_fc54c8d4ca81425a88bb12bc210bfdfd_2_1"> One should listen to the recordings with a grain of salt consider the possible conditions under which the recordings were made
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_fc54c8d4ca81425a88bb12bc210bfdfd_2_1[]" id="input_fc54c8d4ca81425a88bb12bc210bfdfd_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_2"/><label id="fc54c8d4ca81425a88bb12bc210bfdfd_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_fc54c8d4ca81425a88bb12bc210bfdfd_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_fc54c8d4ca81425a88bb12bc210bfdfd_2_1"> They can preserve the sounds of languages that have been lost
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_fc54c8d4ca81425a88bb12bc210bfdfd_2_1[]" id="input_fc54c8d4ca81425a88bb12bc210bfdfd_2_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_3"/><label id="fc54c8d4ca81425a88bb12bc210bfdfd_2_1-choice_3-label" for="input_fc54c8d4ca81425a88bb12bc210bfdfd_2_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_fc54c8d4ca81425a88bb12bc210bfdfd_2_1"> They provide some of the best available evidence of how indigenous groups sang or delivered a speech
</label>
</div>
<span id="answer_fc54c8d4ca81425a88bb12bc210bfdfd_2_1"/>
</fieldset>
<div class="indicator-container">
<span class="status unanswered" id="status_fc54c8d4ca81425a88bb12bc210bfdfd_2_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered.">
<span class="sr">unanswered</span><span class="status-icon" aria-hidden="true"/>
</span>
</div>
</div></div>
</div>
<div class="action">
<input type="hidden" name="problem_id" value="Checkboxes" />
<div class="submit-attempt-container">
<button type="button" class="submit btn-brand" data-submitting="Submitting" data-value="Submit" data-should-enable-submit-button="True" aria-describedby="submission_feedback_fc54c8d4ca81425a88bb12bc210bfdfd" >
<span class="submit-label">Submit</span>
</button>
<div class="submission-feedback" id="submission_feedback_fc54c8d4ca81425a88bb12bc210bfdfd">
<span class="sr">Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="problem-action-buttons-wrapper">
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-gentle-alert
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-exclamation-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="fc54c8d4ca81425a88bb12bc210bfdfd-problem-title">
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-save
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-save" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="fc54c8d4ca81425a88bb12bc210bfdfd-problem-title">None
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification general notification-show-answer
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-info-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="fc54c8d4ca81425a88bb12bc210bfdfd-problem-title">Answers are displayed within the problem
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
"
data-graded="True">
<p class="loading-spinner">
<i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
<span class="sr">Loading…</span>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@vertical+block@c86869280e7647b88191aa1e00849e09" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019" data-block-type="vertical" data-has-score="False" data-graded="True" data-request-token="af66201efed011ee9bb916fff75c5923">
<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Trail and Road</h2>
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@html+block@6279345f34474b34b3783153ce30824a">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@html+block@6279345f34474b34b3783153ce30824a" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019" data-block-type="html" data-has-score="False" data-graded="True" data-request-token="af66201efed011ee9bb916fff75c5923">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<p>Photographs that depict the “before” and “after” of a particular landscape or a group of people were a prominent part of the colonial record. Here, carefully examine these images from the National Geographic, which feature a trail with its foot bridge and the new road that took its place. After you watch the video, please complete the exercise.</p>
<p></p>
<script>// <![CDATA[
var data = [ "/assets/courseware/v1/80714f352806f3b831498f2c3ad7bd82/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/ng1210-1211-iPhone_3123.jpg", '']; //data has image name, then caption if applicable.
var captions = false; //set to false if you don't want captions, set to true if you do.
var sidebarOpen = false; //lets toggleSidebar function know whether it's open or not.
var bookmark = 0; //sets the album start on the index of data (first image)
function album(data,index){
$('#vpxMain').append("<div id='vpxOverlay'><img alt='' id='vpxImage' src='" + data[index] + "'/><button type='button' id='vpxLeft' onclick='turnPage(-2)' class='asText'><img alt='left button' src='/assets/courseware/v1/5f6befa3d9798df3a129c4f061fdfec0/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/left.png'/></button><button type='button' id='vpxRight' onclick='turnPage(2)' class='asText'><img alt='right button' src='/assets/courseware/v1/37f47577dcbcd2016ae60761c914b84f/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/right.png'/><button class='asText' id='vpxClose' onclick='closeAlbum()'><p style='color:white';>[X] Return to Thumbnails</p></button></div>"); //create the overlay. This is made to cover the avaliable space, and fixed so scrolling is ineffectual.
if(captions){ //only add sidebar if you want captions
$('#vpxOverlay').append("<div id='vpxSidebar'><p id='vpxVert' onclick='toggleSidebar()'><strong>Show Info</strong></p><p id='vpxData'>" + data[index+1] + "</p></div>");
}
bookmark = index
//need to make sure the sidebar is properly hidden with tab showing.
var right = Number($('#vpxSidebar').css('width').slice(0,-2)) - 40; //width of the sidebar minus the tab that needs to show (negative).
$('#vpxSidebar').css('right','-'+right+'px'); //pull it right offscreen by this much
var shift = (Number($('#vpxSidebar').css('height').slice(0,-2))-60)/2; //equation gotten by seeing what screen sizes needed what margin for the vertical text to show up right.
$('#vpxVert').css('margin-left','' + shift + 'px');
toggleSidebar();
}
window.onresize = function(){
if(!sidebarOpen){ //only change the sidebar shift if it's still closed.
var right = Number($('#vpxSidebar').css('width').slice(0,-2)) - 40; //width of the sidebar minus the tab that needs to show (negative).
$('#vpxSidebar').css('right','-'+right+'px'); //pull it right offscreen by this much
}
var shift = (Number($('#vpxSidebar').css('height').slice(0,-2))-60)/2; //equation gotten by seeing what screen sizes needed what margin for the vertical text to show up right.
$('#vpxVert').css('margin-left','' + shift + 'px');
}
function closeAlbum(){
$('#vpxOverlay').remove();
}
$(document).keyup(function(e) {
if (e.keyCode == 27) { // Esc
closeAlbum();
}
else if (e.keyCode == 39) {
turnPage(2);
}
else if (e.keyCode == 37) {
turnPage(-2);
}
});
function turnPage(direction){
bookmark += direction; //left calls this with -2, right calls it with +2
if(bookmark===-2){ //check if we're wrapping around the back of the album
bookmark = data.length - 2; //get to last item in data
}
if(bookmark===data.length){ //check if we're at the end and wrapping around to the front
bookmark = 0; //go back to the first item in data
}
$('#vpxImage').attr('src',data[bookmark]);
$('#vpxData').empty().append(data[bookmark+1]);
}
function toggleSidebar(){
if(sidebarOpen){ //if the sidebar is currently open
var right = Number($('#vpxSidebar').css('width').slice(0,-2)) - 40; //width of the sidebar minus the tab that needs to show (negative).
$('#vpxSidebar').animate({'right':'-' + right + 'px'},function(){
sidebarOpen = false;
$('#vpxVert').empty().append('<button type="button" class="asText"><strong>Show Info</strong></button>');
$('#vpxImage').css('max-height','100%');
});
}
else{ //if the sidebar is closed.
$('#vpxSidebar').animate({'right':'0px'},function(){
sidebarOpen = true;
$('#vpxVert').empty().append('<button type="button" class="asText"><strong>Hide Info</strong></button>');
$('#vpxImage').css('max-height','70%');
});
}
}
// ]]></script>
<style><!--
#vpxMain{
font-family:'open sans';
font-size:12pt;
}
#vpxOverlay{
position:fixed;
width:100%;
height:100%;
background:url('/assets/courseware/v1/6f040fbb4f806379997b7068fda1fe78/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/overlay.png') repeat;
top:0;
left:0;
z-index:999;
}
#vpxImage{
display:block;
margin:auto;
max-width:88%;
max-height:100%;
}
#vpxLeft{
position:absolute;
display:block;
top:45%;
left:10px;
width:60px;
height:auto;
cursor:pointer;
}
#vpxRight{
position:absolute;
display:block;
top:45%;
right:10px;
width:60px;
height:auto;
cursor:pointer;
}
#vpxClose{
position:absolute;
top:5px;
right:5px;
margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;
color:white;
font-family:'open sans';
cursor:pointer;
}
#vpxSidebar{
position:absolute;
bottom:0px;
width:100%;
height:30%;
border-bottom-left-radius:10px;
border-top-left-radius:10px;
background-color:#E2E2E2;
}
#vpxVert{
position:relative;
display:inline-block;
float:left;
height:100%;
margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;
transform:rotate(270deg);
-ms-transform:rotate(270deg); /* IE 9 */
-webkit-transform:rotate(270deg); /* Opera, Chrome, and Safari */
cursor:pointer;
}
#vpxData{
position:absolute;
left:40px;
right:40px;
height:90%;
overflow:auto;
}
.asText {
background:none;
border:none;
margin:0;
padding:0;
}
--></style>
<div id="vpxMain" style="overflow: hidden;"><img style="float: left; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 0px;" alt="Image of before and after of a hill trail road; left shows uneven path, trees and vegetation; right shows a flattened road, no trees and vegetation." width="60%" href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,0)" src="/assets/courseware/v1/80714f352806f3b831498f2c3ad7bd82/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/ng1210-1211-iPhone_3123.jpg" />
<p>Figure 37. “An Old Trail with Its Foot Bridge” and “On the New Benguet Road” National Geographic, November 1913</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@943aece06cc1443eb2905d0f16dc16e8">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@943aece06cc1443eb2905d0f16dc16e8" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019" data-block-type="video" data-has-score="False" data-graded="True" data-request-token="af66201efed011ee9bb916fff75c5923">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Video"}
</script>
<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video IV-27: Trail and Road</h3>
<div
id="video_943aece06cc1443eb2905d0f16dc16e8"
class="video closed"
data-metadata='{"speed": null, "publishCompletionUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@943aece06cc1443eb2905d0f16dc16e8/handler/publish_completion", "streams": "1.00:31EiBE_em_E", "prioritizeHls": false, "completionEnabled": false, "autoAdvance": false, "captionDataDir": null, "transcriptLanguages": {"en": "English"}, "recordedYoutubeIsAvailable": true, "showCaptions": "true", "completionPercentage": 0.95, "saveStateUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@943aece06cc1443eb2905d0f16dc16e8/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state", "ytMetadataEndpoint": "", "duration": 0.0, "autohideHtml5": false, "transcriptLanguage": "en", "ytApiUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api", "lmsRootURL": "https://openlearninglibrary.mit.edu", "sources": [], "transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@943aece06cc1443eb2905d0f16dc16e8/handler/transcript/available_translations", "savedVideoPosition": 0.0, "transcriptTranslationUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@943aece06cc1443eb2905d0f16dc16e8/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__", "saveStateEnabled": false, "ytTestTimeout": 1500, "poster": null, "autoplay": false, "generalSpeed": 1.0, "start": 0.0, "end": 0.0}'
data-bumper-metadata='null'
data-autoadvance-enabled="False"
data-poster='null'
tabindex="-1"
>
<div class="focus_grabber first"></div>
<div class="tc-wrapper">
<div class="video-wrapper">
<span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span>
<span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span>
<div class="video-player-pre"></div>
<div class="video-player">
<div id="943aece06cc1443eb2905d0f16dc16e8"></div>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden">
Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser.
</h4>
</div>
<div class="video-player-post"></div>
<div class="closed-captions"></div>
<div class="video-controls is-hidden">
<div>
<div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div>
<div class="secondary-controls"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="focus_grabber last"></div>
<h3 class="hd hd-4 downloads-heading sr" id="video-download-transcripts_943aece06cc1443eb2905d0f16dc16e8">Downloads and transcripts</h3>
<div class="wrapper-downloads" role="region" aria-labelledby="video-download-transcripts_943aece06cc1443eb2905d0f16dc16e8">
<div class="wrapper-download-transcripts">
<h4 class="hd hd-5">Transcripts</h4>
<ul class="list-download-transcripts">
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@943aece06cc1443eb2905d0f16dc16e8/handler/transcript/download" data-value="srt">Download SubRip (.srt) file</a>
</li>
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@943aece06cc1443eb2905d0f16dc16e8/handler/transcript/download" data-value="txt">Download Text (.txt) file</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-2" data-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@problem+block@353a1243cedf4040a2839976d6de05c6">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@problem+block@353a1243cedf4040a2839976d6de05c6" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019" data-block-type="problem" data-has-score="True" data-graded="True" data-request-token="af66201efed011ee9bb916fff75c5923">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Problem"}
</script>
<div id="problem_353a1243cedf4040a2839976d6de05c6" class="problems-wrapper" role="group"
aria-labelledby="353a1243cedf4040a2839976d6de05c6-problem-title"
data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@problem+block@353a1243cedf4040a2839976d6de05c6" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@problem+block@353a1243cedf4040a2839976d6de05c6/handler/xmodule_handler"
data-problem-score="0"
data-problem-total-possible="1"
data-attempts-used="0"
data-content="
<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="353a1243cedf4040a2839976d6de05c6-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@problem+block@353a1243cedf4040a2839976d6de05c6-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Multiple Choice
</h3>
<div class="problem-progress" id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@problem+block@353a1243cedf4040a2839976d6de05c6-problem-progress"></div>
<div class="problem">
<div>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_353a1243cedf4040a2839976d6de05c6_2_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_353a1243cedf4040a2839976d6de05c6_2_1">
<legend id="353a1243cedf4040a2839976d6de05c6_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Besides the aesthetic transformation and modernization of the Philippines, what is another important intended purpose, for the colonialists, of building new roads?</legend>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_353a1243cedf4040a2839976d6de05c6_2_1" id="input_353a1243cedf4040a2839976d6de05c6_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="353a1243cedf4040a2839976d6de05c6_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_353a1243cedf4040a2839976d6de05c6_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_353a1243cedf4040a2839976d6de05c6_2_1"> Roads permitted for more efficient resource extraction and transportation
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_353a1243cedf4040a2839976d6de05c6_2_1" id="input_353a1243cedf4040a2839976d6de05c6_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="353a1243cedf4040a2839976d6de05c6_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_353a1243cedf4040a2839976d6de05c6_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_353a1243cedf4040a2839976d6de05c6_2_1"> Roads facilitated internal migration between different regions of the Philippines
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_353a1243cedf4040a2839976d6de05c6_2_1" id="input_353a1243cedf4040a2839976d6de05c6_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="353a1243cedf4040a2839976d6de05c6_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_353a1243cedf4040a2839976d6de05c6_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_353a1243cedf4040a2839976d6de05c6_2_1"> Roads allowed various ethnic Filipino groups to better perceive their unity and interconnectedness
</label>
</div>
<span id="answer_353a1243cedf4040a2839976d6de05c6_2_1"/>
</fieldset>
<div class="indicator-container">
<span class="status unanswered" id="status_353a1243cedf4040a2839976d6de05c6_2_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered.">
<span class="sr">unanswered</span><span class="status-icon" aria-hidden="true"/>
</span>
</div>
</div></div>
</div>
<div class="action">
<input type="hidden" name="problem_id" value="Multiple Choice" />
<div class="submit-attempt-container">
<button type="button" class="submit btn-brand" data-submitting="Submitting" data-value="Submit" data-should-enable-submit-button="True" aria-describedby="submission_feedback_353a1243cedf4040a2839976d6de05c6" >
<span class="submit-label">Submit</span>
</button>
<div class="submission-feedback" id="submission_feedback_353a1243cedf4040a2839976d6de05c6">
<span class="sr">Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="problem-action-buttons-wrapper">
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-gentle-alert
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-exclamation-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="353a1243cedf4040a2839976d6de05c6-problem-title">
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-save
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-save" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="353a1243cedf4040a2839976d6de05c6-problem-title">None
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification general notification-show-answer
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-info-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="353a1243cedf4040a2839976d6de05c6-problem-title">Answers are displayed within the problem
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
"
data-graded="True">
<p class="loading-spinner">
<i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
<span class="sr">Loading…</span>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@vertical+block@ef9b10d8a67b4a7f95742cae8d53d8db" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019" data-block-type="vertical" data-has-score="False" data-graded="True" data-request-token="af66201efed011ee9bb916fff75c5923">
<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Stones and School</h2>
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@html+block@667ffe0892b54b55a24dab81e4de455b">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@html+block@667ffe0892b54b55a24dab81e4de455b" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019" data-block-type="html" data-has-score="False" data-graded="True" data-request-token="af66201efed011ee9bb916fff75c5923">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<p>Carefully examine this series of images from the <em>National Geographic</em> that feature Filipino boys cutting stone. Pay attention not only to the pictures, but also the captions. What story about the colonial Philippines does this strong of photographs tell? After you watch the video, please complete the exercise.</p>
<p></p>
<script>// <![CDATA[
var data = [ '/assets/courseware/v1/33c735afc0a76bf263d191ec162343af/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/ng1242-iPhone_3126.jpg', '',
'/assets/courseware/v1/618f0477bea3961737276cdd544efcba/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/ng1244-iPhone_3127.jpg', '',
'/assets/courseware/v1/ce81ff56e86f928cda07e7588ce46212/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/ng1246-iPhone_3128.jpg', '']; //data has image name, then caption if applicable.
var captions = false; //set to false if you don't want captions, set to true if you do.
var sidebarOpen = false; //lets toggleSidebar function know whether it's open or not.
var bookmark = 0; //sets the album start on the index of data (first image)
function album(data,index){
$('#vpxMain').append("<div id='vpxOverlay'><img alt='' id='vpxImage' src='" + data[index] + "'/><button type='button' id='vpxLeft' onclick='turnPage(-2)' class='asText'><img alt='left button' src='/assets/courseware/v1/5f6befa3d9798df3a129c4f061fdfec0/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/left.png'/></button><button type='button' id='vpxRight' onclick='turnPage(2)' class='asText'><img alt='right button' src='/assets/courseware/v1/37f47577dcbcd2016ae60761c914b84f/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/right.png'/><button class='asText' id='vpxClose' onclick='closeAlbum()'><p style='color:white';>[X] Return to Thumbnails</p></button></div>"); //create the overlay. This is made to cover the avaliable space, and fixed so scrolling is ineffectual.
if(captions){ //only add sidebar if you want captions
$('#vpxOverlay').append("<div id='vpxSidebar'><p id='vpxVert' onclick='toggleSidebar()'><strong>Show Info</strong></p><p id='vpxData'>" + data[index+1] + "</p></div>");
}
bookmark = index
//need to make sure the sidebar is properly hidden with tab showing.
var right = Number($('#vpxSidebar').css('width').slice(0,-2)) - 40; //width of the sidebar minus the tab that needs to show (negative).
$('#vpxSidebar').css('right','-'+right+'px'); //pull it right offscreen by this much
var shift = (Number($('#vpxSidebar').css('height').slice(0,-2))-60)/2; //equation gotten by seeing what screen sizes needed what margin for the vertical text to show up right.
$('#vpxVert').css('margin-left','' + shift + 'px');
toggleSidebar();
}
window.onresize = function(){
if(!sidebarOpen){ //only change the sidebar shift if it's still closed.
var right = Number($('#vpxSidebar').css('width').slice(0,-2)) - 40; //width of the sidebar minus the tab that needs to show (negative).
$('#vpxSidebar').css('right','-'+right+'px'); //pull it right offscreen by this much
}
var shift = (Number($('#vpxSidebar').css('height').slice(0,-2))-60)/2; //equation gotten by seeing what screen sizes needed what margin for the vertical text to show up right.
$('#vpxVert').css('margin-left','' + shift + 'px');
}
function closeAlbum(){
$('#vpxOverlay').remove();
}
$(document).keyup(function(e) {
if (e.keyCode == 27) { // Esc
closeAlbum();
}
else if (e.keyCode == 39) {
turnPage(2);
}
else if (e.keyCode == 37) {
turnPage(-2);
}
});
function turnPage(direction){
bookmark += direction; //left calls this with -2, right calls it with +2
if(bookmark===-2){ //check if we're wrapping around the back of the album
bookmark = data.length - 2; //get to last item in data
}
if(bookmark===data.length){ //check if we're at the end and wrapping around to the front
bookmark = 0; //go back to the first item in data
}
$('#vpxImage').attr('src',data[bookmark]);
$('#vpxData').empty().append(data[bookmark+1]);
}
function toggleSidebar(){
if(sidebarOpen){ //if the sidebar is currently open
var right = Number($('#vpxSidebar').css('width').slice(0,-2)) - 40; //width of the sidebar minus the tab that needs to show (negative).
$('#vpxSidebar').animate({'right':'-' + right + 'px'},function(){
sidebarOpen = false;
$('#vpxVert').empty().append('<button type="button" class="asText"><strong>Show Info</strong></button>');
$('#vpxImage').css('max-height','100%');
});
}
else{ //if the sidebar is closed.
$('#vpxSidebar').animate({'right':'0px'},function(){
sidebarOpen = true;
$('#vpxVert').empty().append('<button type="button" class="asText"><strong>Hide Info</strong></button>');
$('#vpxImage').css('max-height','70%');
});
}
}
// ]]></script>
<style><!--
#vpxMain{
font-family:'open sans';
font-size:12pt;
}
#vpxOverlay{
position:fixed;
width:100%;
height:100%;
background:url('/assets/courseware/v1/6f040fbb4f806379997b7068fda1fe78/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/overlay.png') repeat;
top:0;
left:0;
z-index:999;
}
#vpxImage{
display:block;
margin:auto;
max-width:88%;
max-height:100%;
}
#vpxLeft{
position:absolute;
display:block;
top:45%;
left:10px;
width:60px;
height:auto;
cursor:pointer;
}
#vpxRight{
position:absolute;
display:block;
top:45%;
right:10px;
width:60px;
height:auto;
cursor:pointer;
}
#vpxClose{
position:absolute;
top:5px;
right:5px;
margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;
color:white;
font-family:'open sans';
cursor:pointer;
}
#vpxSidebar{
position:absolute;
bottom:0px;
width:100%;
height:30%;
border-bottom-left-radius:10px;
border-top-left-radius:10px;
background-color:#E2E2E2;
}
#vpxVert{
position:relative;
display:inline-block;
float:left;
height:100%;
margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;
transform:rotate(270deg);
-ms-transform:rotate(270deg); /* IE 9 */
-webkit-transform:rotate(270deg); /* Opera, Chrome, and Safari */
cursor:pointer;
}
#vpxData{
position:absolute;
left:40px;
right:40px;
height:90%;
overflow:auto;
}
.asText {
background:none;
border:none;
margin:0;
padding:0;
}
--></style>
<div id="vpxMain" style="overflow: hidden;">
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="60%"><img style="float: left; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 0px;" alt="Filipino men standing in a circle, next to a railroad surrounded by large pieces of stone. " width="90%" href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,0)" src="/assets/courseware/v1/33c735afc0a76bf263d191ec162343af/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/ng1242-iPhone_3126.jpg" /></td>
<td>
<p>Figure 38. “Ifugao Boys Splitting Rock” National Geographic, November 1913</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="60%"><img style="float: left; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 0px;" alt="Filipino men standing in the distance facing camera, surrounded by cut, rectangular stone blocks" width="90%" href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,2)" src="/assets/courseware/v1/618f0477bea3961737276cdd544efcba/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/ng1244-iPhone_3127.jpg" /></td>
<td>
<p>Figure 39. “Building Stone Split and Cut by Young Ifugao Boys” National Geographic, November 1913</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="60%"><img style="float: left; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 0px;" alt="Group of Filipino boys standing behind a white man, in front of a stone wall built with cut stones. " width="90%" href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,4)" src="/assets/courseware/v1/ce81ff56e86f928cda07e7588ce46212/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/ng1246-iPhone_3128.jpg" /></td>
<td>
<p>Figure 40. “Stone Work done by Ifugao Boys” National Geographic, November 1913</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@6372b733929d4f05aac111ca4f65948a">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@6372b733929d4f05aac111ca4f65948a" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019" data-block-type="video" data-has-score="False" data-graded="True" data-request-token="af66201efed011ee9bb916fff75c5923">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Video"}
</script>
<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video IV-28: Stones and School</h3>
<div
id="video_6372b733929d4f05aac111ca4f65948a"
class="video closed"
data-metadata='{"speed": null, "publishCompletionUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@6372b733929d4f05aac111ca4f65948a/handler/publish_completion", "streams": "1.00:14UDPZjBzus", "prioritizeHls": false, "completionEnabled": false, "autoAdvance": false, "captionDataDir": null, "transcriptLanguages": {"en": "English"}, "recordedYoutubeIsAvailable": true, "showCaptions": "true", "completionPercentage": 0.95, "saveStateUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@6372b733929d4f05aac111ca4f65948a/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state", "ytMetadataEndpoint": "", "duration": 0.0, "autohideHtml5": false, "transcriptLanguage": "en", "ytApiUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api", "lmsRootURL": "https://openlearninglibrary.mit.edu", "sources": [], "transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@6372b733929d4f05aac111ca4f65948a/handler/transcript/available_translations", "savedVideoPosition": 0.0, "transcriptTranslationUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@6372b733929d4f05aac111ca4f65948a/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__", "saveStateEnabled": false, "ytTestTimeout": 1500, "poster": null, "autoplay": false, "generalSpeed": 1.0, "start": 0.0, "end": 0.0}'
data-bumper-metadata='null'
data-autoadvance-enabled="False"
data-poster='null'
tabindex="-1"
>
<div class="focus_grabber first"></div>
<div class="tc-wrapper">
<div class="video-wrapper">
<span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span>
<span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span>
<div class="video-player-pre"></div>
<div class="video-player">
<div id="6372b733929d4f05aac111ca4f65948a"></div>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden">
Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser.
</h4>
</div>
<div class="video-player-post"></div>
<div class="closed-captions"></div>
<div class="video-controls is-hidden">
<div>
<div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div>
<div class="secondary-controls"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="focus_grabber last"></div>
<h3 class="hd hd-4 downloads-heading sr" id="video-download-transcripts_6372b733929d4f05aac111ca4f65948a">Downloads and transcripts</h3>
<div class="wrapper-downloads" role="region" aria-labelledby="video-download-transcripts_6372b733929d4f05aac111ca4f65948a">
<div class="wrapper-download-transcripts">
<h4 class="hd hd-5">Transcripts</h4>
<ul class="list-download-transcripts">
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@6372b733929d4f05aac111ca4f65948a/handler/transcript/download" data-value="srt">Download SubRip (.srt) file</a>
</li>
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@6372b733929d4f05aac111ca4f65948a/handler/transcript/download" data-value="txt">Download Text (.txt) file</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-2" data-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@problem+block@04ec7709f17a4a0db9a7ad915af7fc8d">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@problem+block@04ec7709f17a4a0db9a7ad915af7fc8d" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019" data-block-type="problem" data-has-score="True" data-graded="True" data-request-token="af66201efed011ee9bb916fff75c5923">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Problem"}
</script>
<div id="problem_04ec7709f17a4a0db9a7ad915af7fc8d" class="problems-wrapper" role="group"
aria-labelledby="04ec7709f17a4a0db9a7ad915af7fc8d-problem-title"
data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@problem+block@04ec7709f17a4a0db9a7ad915af7fc8d" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@problem+block@04ec7709f17a4a0db9a7ad915af7fc8d/handler/xmodule_handler"
data-problem-score="0"
data-problem-total-possible="1"
data-attempts-used="0"
data-content="
<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="04ec7709f17a4a0db9a7ad915af7fc8d-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@problem+block@04ec7709f17a4a0db9a7ad915af7fc8d-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Checkboxes
</h3>
<div class="problem-progress" id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@problem+block@04ec7709f17a4a0db9a7ad915af7fc8d-problem-progress"></div>
<div class="problem">
<div>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_04ec7709f17a4a0db9a7ad915af7fc8d_2_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_04ec7709f17a4a0db9a7ad915af7fc8d_2_1">
<legend id="04ec7709f17a4a0db9a7ad915af7fc8d_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Checkboxes: How do these images serve as colonial propaganda? Check all that apply.</legend>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_04ec7709f17a4a0db9a7ad915af7fc8d_2_1[]" id="input_04ec7709f17a4a0db9a7ad915af7fc8d_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_0"/><label id="04ec7709f17a4a0db9a7ad915af7fc8d_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_04ec7709f17a4a0db9a7ad915af7fc8d_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_04ec7709f17a4a0db9a7ad915af7fc8d_2_1"> They illustrate the oppressive conditions under which Filipinos are forced to labor
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_04ec7709f17a4a0db9a7ad915af7fc8d_2_1[]" id="input_04ec7709f17a4a0db9a7ad915af7fc8d_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_1"/><label id="04ec7709f17a4a0db9a7ad915af7fc8d_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_04ec7709f17a4a0db9a7ad915af7fc8d_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_04ec7709f17a4a0db9a7ad915af7fc8d_2_1"> They imply that indigenous Filipinos are not capable of advanced industry
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_04ec7709f17a4a0db9a7ad915af7fc8d_2_1[]" id="input_04ec7709f17a4a0db9a7ad915af7fc8d_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_2"/><label id="04ec7709f17a4a0db9a7ad915af7fc8d_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_04ec7709f17a4a0db9a7ad915af7fc8d_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_04ec7709f17a4a0db9a7ad915af7fc8d_2_1"> They depict Filipino boys learning a modern industrial craft
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_04ec7709f17a4a0db9a7ad915af7fc8d_2_1[]" id="input_04ec7709f17a4a0db9a7ad915af7fc8d_2_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_3"/><label id="04ec7709f17a4a0db9a7ad915af7fc8d_2_1-choice_3-label" for="input_04ec7709f17a4a0db9a7ad915af7fc8d_2_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_04ec7709f17a4a0db9a7ad915af7fc8d_2_1"> They suggest that these same Filipino boys who built the schools will also now attend the schools
</label>
</div>
<span id="answer_04ec7709f17a4a0db9a7ad915af7fc8d_2_1"/>
</fieldset>
<div class="indicator-container">
<span class="status unanswered" id="status_04ec7709f17a4a0db9a7ad915af7fc8d_2_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered.">
<span class="sr">unanswered</span><span class="status-icon" aria-hidden="true"/>
</span>
</div>
</div></div>
</div>
<div class="action">
<input type="hidden" name="problem_id" value="Checkboxes" />
<div class="submit-attempt-container">
<button type="button" class="submit btn-brand" data-submitting="Submitting" data-value="Submit" data-should-enable-submit-button="True" aria-describedby="submission_feedback_04ec7709f17a4a0db9a7ad915af7fc8d" >
<span class="submit-label">Submit</span>
</button>
<div class="submission-feedback" id="submission_feedback_04ec7709f17a4a0db9a7ad915af7fc8d">
<span class="sr">Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="problem-action-buttons-wrapper">
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-gentle-alert
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-exclamation-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="04ec7709f17a4a0db9a7ad915af7fc8d-problem-title">
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-save
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-save" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="04ec7709f17a4a0db9a7ad915af7fc8d-problem-title">None
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification general notification-show-answer
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-info-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="04ec7709f17a4a0db9a7ad915af7fc8d-problem-title">Answers are displayed within the problem
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
"
data-graded="True">
<p class="loading-spinner">
<i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
<span class="sr">Loading…</span>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@vertical+block@4284af8b2e004309bc3e7bcd615988f7" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019" data-block-type="vertical" data-has-score="False" data-graded="True" data-request-token="af66201efed011ee9bb916fff75c5923">
<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Three Lineups</h2>
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@html+block@bb4f4fb052af421fa4db67dbeb5caf9f">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@html+block@bb4f4fb052af421fa4db67dbeb5caf9f" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019" data-block-type="html" data-has-score="False" data-graded="True" data-request-token="af66201efed011ee9bb916fff75c5923">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<p>Now, look closely at these two images of Filipino schoolhouses, students, and teachers under American rule. Pay especial attention to the aesthetics of the schools and the students, as well as the captions. In the second series of images depicting Bontoc Igorot warriors, what aspects of the photographs suggest the warriors’ transformation from “uncivilized” to “civilized”? What can we conclude about the role of education in maintaining and justifying the colonial project? After you watch the video, please complete the exercise. </p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<script>// <![CDATA[
var data = [ '/assets/courseware/v1/d67d126a4a8628b59eb522d23a3796b4/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/dw39e009_schoolroom.jpg', '',
'/assets/courseware/v1/d4f9b364831ed1374509225fc4d2497d/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/dw08A051_fromUM.jpg', '',
'/assets/courseware/v1/7843ec6e87a7c891503fd8ec28686171/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/dw08A052_fromUM.jpg', '',
'/assets/courseware/v1/f054b868485579cca1a76d170ea03dc2/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/dw08A053_fromUM.jpg', '']; //data has image name, then caption if applicable.
var captions = false; //set to false if you don't want captions, set to true if you do.
var sidebarOpen = false; //lets toggleSidebar function know whether it's open or not.
var bookmark = 0; //sets the album start on the index of data (first image)
function album(data,index){
$('#vpxMain').append("<div id='vpxOverlay'><img alt='' id='vpxImage' src='" + data[index] + "'/><button type='button' id='vpxLeft' onclick='turnPage(-2)' class='asText'><img alt='left button' src='/assets/courseware/v1/5f6befa3d9798df3a129c4f061fdfec0/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/left.png'/></button><button type='button' id='vpxRight' onclick='turnPage(2)' class='asText'><img alt='right button' src='/assets/courseware/v1/37f47577dcbcd2016ae60761c914b84f/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/right.png'/><button class='asText' id='vpxClose' onclick='closeAlbum()'><p style='color:white';>[X] Return to Thumbnails</p></button></div>"); //create the overlay. This is made to cover the avaliable space, and fixed so scrolling is ineffectual.
if(captions){ //only add sidebar if you want captions
$('#vpxOverlay').append("<div id='vpxSidebar'><p id='vpxVert' onclick='toggleSidebar()'><strong>Show Info</strong></p><p id='vpxData'>" + data[index+1] + "</p></div>");
}
bookmark = index
//need to make sure the sidebar is properly hidden with tab showing.
var right = Number($('#vpxSidebar').css('width').slice(0,-2)) - 40; //width of the sidebar minus the tab that needs to show (negative).
$('#vpxSidebar').css('right','-'+right+'px'); //pull it right offscreen by this much
var shift = (Number($('#vpxSidebar').css('height').slice(0,-2))-60)/2; //equation gotten by seeing what screen sizes needed what margin for the vertical text to show up right.
$('#vpxVert').css('margin-left','' + shift + 'px');
toggleSidebar();
}
window.onresize = function(){
if(!sidebarOpen){ //only change the sidebar shift if it's still closed.
var right = Number($('#vpxSidebar').css('width').slice(0,-2)) - 40; //width of the sidebar minus the tab that needs to show (negative).
$('#vpxSidebar').css('right','-'+right+'px'); //pull it right offscreen by this much
}
var shift = (Number($('#vpxSidebar').css('height').slice(0,-2))-60)/2; //equation gotten by seeing what screen sizes needed what margin for the vertical text to show up right.
$('#vpxVert').css('margin-left','' + shift + 'px');
}
function closeAlbum(){
$('#vpxOverlay').remove();
}
$(document).keyup(function(e) {
if (e.keyCode == 27) { // Esc
closeAlbum();
}
else if (e.keyCode == 39) {
turnPage(2);
}
else if (e.keyCode == 37) {
turnPage(-2);
}
});
function turnPage(direction){
bookmark += direction; //left calls this with -2, right calls it with +2
if(bookmark===-2){ //check if we're wrapping around the back of the album
bookmark = data.length - 2; //get to last item in data
}
if(bookmark===data.length){ //check if we're at the end and wrapping around to the front
bookmark = 0; //go back to the first item in data
}
$('#vpxImage').attr('src',data[bookmark]);
$('#vpxData').empty().append(data[bookmark+1]);
}
function toggleSidebar(){
if(sidebarOpen){ //if the sidebar is currently open
var right = Number($('#vpxSidebar').css('width').slice(0,-2)) - 40; //width of the sidebar minus the tab that needs to show (negative).
$('#vpxSidebar').animate({'right':'-' + right + 'px'},function(){
sidebarOpen = false;
$('#vpxVert').empty().append('<button type="button" class="asText"><strong>Show Info</strong></button>');
$('#vpxImage').css('max-height','100%');
});
}
else{ //if the sidebar is closed.
$('#vpxSidebar').animate({'right':'0px'},function(){
sidebarOpen = true;
$('#vpxVert').empty().append('<button type="button" class="asText"><strong>Hide Info</strong></button>');
$('#vpxImage').css('max-height','70%');
});
}
}
// ]]></script>
<style><!--
#vpxMain{
font-family:'open sans';
font-size:12pt;
}
#vpxOverlay{
position:fixed;
width:100%;
height:100%;
background:url('/assets/courseware/v1/6f040fbb4f806379997b7068fda1fe78/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/overlay.png') repeat;
top:0;
left:0;
z-index:999;
}
#vpxImage{
display:block;
margin:auto;
max-width:88%;
max-height:100%;
}
#vpxLeft{
position:absolute;
display:block;
top:45%;
left:10px;
width:60px;
height:auto;
cursor:pointer;
}
#vpxRight{
position:absolute;
display:block;
top:45%;
right:10px;
width:60px;
height:auto;
cursor:pointer;
}
#vpxClose{
position:absolute;
top:5px;
right:5px;
margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;
color:white;
font-family:'open sans';
cursor:pointer;
}
#vpxSidebar{
position:absolute;
bottom:0px;
width:100%;
height:30%;
border-bottom-left-radius:10px;
border-top-left-radius:10px;
background-color:#E2E2E2;
}
#vpxVert{
position:relative;
display:inline-block;
float:left;
height:100%;
margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;
transform:rotate(270deg);
-ms-transform:rotate(270deg); /* IE 9 */
-webkit-transform:rotate(270deg); /* Opera, Chrome, and Safari */
cursor:pointer;
}
#vpxData{
position:absolute;
left:40px;
right:40px;
height:90%;
overflow:auto;
}
.asText {
background:none;
border:none;
margin:0;
padding:0;
}
--></style>
<div id="vpxMain" style="overflow: hidden;">
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="60%"><img style="float: left; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 0px;" alt="4 rows of Filipino men and boys in white suits in a large indoor room; the first row sitting on floor, the second on chairs, the third and fourth standing; two American flags hang in the background; White man in a dark suit sitting in the middle of the second row" width="90%" href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,0)" src="/assets/courseware/v1/d67d126a4a8628b59eb522d23a3796b4/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/dw39e009_schoolroom.jpg" /></td>
<td>
<p>Figure 41. “Group of Ilocano and Gad-Dane school boys, with their American teachers,” 1905. Location: Echague, Isabela</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="60%"><img style="float: left; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 0px;" alt="Row of Filipino men carrying spears and wooden spears, topless on a grass field" width="90%" href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,2)" src="/assets/courseware/v1/d4f9b364831ed1374509225fc4d2497d/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/dw08A051_fromUM.jpg" /> <img style="float: left; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 0px;" alt="Row of Filipino men; left half carrying spears and wooden spears, topless, right half in white soldiers' uniform with rifle and standing at attention on a grass field" width="90%" href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,4)" src="/assets/courseware/v1/7843ec6e87a7c891503fd8ec28686171/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/dw08A052_fromUM.jpg" /> <img style="float: left; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 0px;" alt="Row of Filipino men in white soldiers' uniform with rifle and standing at attention on a grass field" width="90%" href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,4)" src="/assets/courseware/v1/f054b868485579cca1a76d170ea03dc2/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/dw08A053_fromUM.jpg" /></td>
<td>
<p>Figure 42. “Bontoc Igorot warriors of the old school and new school,” 1903. Location: Bontoc</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@50435f49d63946b1bc75a65be00921ab">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@50435f49d63946b1bc75a65be00921ab" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019" data-block-type="video" data-has-score="False" data-graded="True" data-request-token="af66201efed011ee9bb916fff75c5923">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Video"}
</script>
<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video IV-29: Three Lineups</h3>
<div
id="video_50435f49d63946b1bc75a65be00921ab"
class="video closed"
data-metadata='{"speed": null, "publishCompletionUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@50435f49d63946b1bc75a65be00921ab/handler/publish_completion", "streams": "1.00:G4S2H4MJAFQ", "prioritizeHls": false, "completionEnabled": false, "autoAdvance": false, "captionDataDir": null, "transcriptLanguages": {"en": "English"}, "recordedYoutubeIsAvailable": true, "showCaptions": "true", "completionPercentage": 0.95, "saveStateUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@50435f49d63946b1bc75a65be00921ab/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state", "ytMetadataEndpoint": "", "duration": 0.0, "autohideHtml5": false, "transcriptLanguage": "en", "ytApiUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api", "lmsRootURL": "https://openlearninglibrary.mit.edu", "sources": [], "transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@50435f49d63946b1bc75a65be00921ab/handler/transcript/available_translations", "savedVideoPosition": 0.0, "transcriptTranslationUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@50435f49d63946b1bc75a65be00921ab/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__", "saveStateEnabled": false, "ytTestTimeout": 1500, "poster": null, "autoplay": false, "generalSpeed": 1.0, "start": 0.0, "end": 0.0}'
data-bumper-metadata='null'
data-autoadvance-enabled="False"
data-poster='null'
tabindex="-1"
>
<div class="focus_grabber first"></div>
<div class="tc-wrapper">
<div class="video-wrapper">
<span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span>
<span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span>
<div class="video-player-pre"></div>
<div class="video-player">
<div id="50435f49d63946b1bc75a65be00921ab"></div>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden">
Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser.
</h4>
</div>
<div class="video-player-post"></div>
<div class="closed-captions"></div>
<div class="video-controls is-hidden">
<div>
<div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div>
<div class="secondary-controls"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="focus_grabber last"></div>
<h3 class="hd hd-4 downloads-heading sr" id="video-download-transcripts_50435f49d63946b1bc75a65be00921ab">Downloads and transcripts</h3>
<div class="wrapper-downloads" role="region" aria-labelledby="video-download-transcripts_50435f49d63946b1bc75a65be00921ab">
<div class="wrapper-download-transcripts">
<h4 class="hd hd-5">Transcripts</h4>
<ul class="list-download-transcripts">
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@50435f49d63946b1bc75a65be00921ab/handler/transcript/download" data-value="srt">Download SubRip (.srt) file</a>
</li>
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@50435f49d63946b1bc75a65be00921ab/handler/transcript/download" data-value="txt">Download Text (.txt) file</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-2" data-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@problem+block@982b1285d57d4692a019704bb3304b29">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@problem+block@982b1285d57d4692a019704bb3304b29" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019" data-block-type="problem" data-has-score="True" data-graded="True" data-request-token="af66201efed011ee9bb916fff75c5923">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Problem"}
</script>
<div id="problem_982b1285d57d4692a019704bb3304b29" class="problems-wrapper" role="group"
aria-labelledby="982b1285d57d4692a019704bb3304b29-problem-title"
data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@problem+block@982b1285d57d4692a019704bb3304b29" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@problem+block@982b1285d57d4692a019704bb3304b29/handler/xmodule_handler"
data-problem-score="0"
data-problem-total-possible="1"
data-attempts-used="0"
data-content="
<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="982b1285d57d4692a019704bb3304b29-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@problem+block@982b1285d57d4692a019704bb3304b29-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Checkboxes
</h3>
<div class="problem-progress" id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@problem+block@982b1285d57d4692a019704bb3304b29-problem-progress"></div>
<div class="problem">
<div>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_982b1285d57d4692a019704bb3304b29_2_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_982b1285d57d4692a019704bb3304b29_2_1">
<legend id="982b1285d57d4692a019704bb3304b29_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Which of the following statements about education in the American Philippines are true? Check all that apply.</legend>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_982b1285d57d4692a019704bb3304b29_2_1[]" id="input_982b1285d57d4692a019704bb3304b29_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_0"/><label id="982b1285d57d4692a019704bb3304b29_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_982b1285d57d4692a019704bb3304b29_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_982b1285d57d4692a019704bb3304b29_2_1"> Education in the colonial schools were in English
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_982b1285d57d4692a019704bb3304b29_2_1[]" id="input_982b1285d57d4692a019704bb3304b29_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_1"/><label id="982b1285d57d4692a019704bb3304b29_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_982b1285d57d4692a019704bb3304b29_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_982b1285d57d4692a019704bb3304b29_2_1"> All colonial schools flew the American rather than the Filipino flag
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_982b1285d57d4692a019704bb3304b29_2_1[]" id="input_982b1285d57d4692a019704bb3304b29_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_2"/><label id="982b1285d57d4692a019704bb3304b29_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_982b1285d57d4692a019704bb3304b29_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_982b1285d57d4692a019704bb3304b29_2_1"> Cultural assimilation into American culture was an important objective that colonial schools sought to achieve
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_982b1285d57d4692a019704bb3304b29_2_1[]" id="input_982b1285d57d4692a019704bb3304b29_2_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_3"/><label id="982b1285d57d4692a019704bb3304b29_2_1-choice_3-label" for="input_982b1285d57d4692a019704bb3304b29_2_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_982b1285d57d4692a019704bb3304b29_2_1"> The donning of Western dress is considered a significant indication of Filipino students&#8217; transition from &#8220;primitiveness&#8221; to a subject of the American state
</label>
</div>
<span id="answer_982b1285d57d4692a019704bb3304b29_2_1"/>
</fieldset>
<div class="indicator-container">
<span class="status unanswered" id="status_982b1285d57d4692a019704bb3304b29_2_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered.">
<span class="sr">unanswered</span><span class="status-icon" aria-hidden="true"/>
</span>
</div>
</div></div>
</div>
<div class="action">
<input type="hidden" name="problem_id" value="Checkboxes" />
<div class="submit-attempt-container">
<button type="button" class="submit btn-brand" data-submitting="Submitting" data-value="Submit" data-should-enable-submit-button="True" aria-describedby="submission_feedback_982b1285d57d4692a019704bb3304b29" >
<span class="submit-label">Submit</span>
</button>
<div class="submission-feedback" id="submission_feedback_982b1285d57d4692a019704bb3304b29">
<span class="sr">Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="problem-action-buttons-wrapper">
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-gentle-alert
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-exclamation-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="982b1285d57d4692a019704bb3304b29-problem-title">
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-save
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-save" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="982b1285d57d4692a019704bb3304b29-problem-title">None
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification general notification-show-answer
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-info-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="982b1285d57d4692a019704bb3304b29-problem-title">Answers are displayed within the problem
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
"
data-graded="True">
<p class="loading-spinner">
<i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
<span class="sr">Loading…</span>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@vertical+block@17a8c400c5ba4b42801986f7a27ea7ef" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019" data-block-type="vertical" data-has-score="False" data-graded="True" data-request-token="af66201efed011ee9bb916fff75c5923">
<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Before and After Shots</h2>
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@html+block@a851a55ac8b24ff2b5b56f1b1cb6401f">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@html+block@a851a55ac8b24ff2b5b56f1b1cb6401f" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019" data-block-type="html" data-has-score="False" data-graded="True" data-request-token="af66201efed011ee9bb916fff75c5923">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<p>Here, we return to the “before” and “after” images that we discussed earlier, this time featuring a Bontoc Igorot man first as a boy in traditional costume and then as an adult in Western dress, nine years later. How do such visual representations of Filipinos before and after American intervention justify the colonial regime? These photographs are taken from a book that Dean Worcester published in 1914, tellingly titled <em>The Philippines: Past and Present</em>. After you watch the video, please complete the exercise.</p>
<p></p>
<script>// <![CDATA[
var data = [ '/assets/courseware/v1/9e2a298f595b024101cbe58d5756cf0f/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/1914_PhilPstPres_v2_2page-spread.jpg', '',
'/assets/courseware/v1/2c7ed5899251fce502a140e488c82248/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/1914_PhilPstPres_v2_frontis_closeup.jpg', '']; //data has image name, then caption if applicable.
var captions = false; //set to false if you don't want captions, set to true if you do.
var sidebarOpen = false; //lets toggleSidebar function know whether it's open or not.
var bookmark = 0; //sets the album start on the index of data (first image)
function album(data,index){
$('#vpxMain').append("<div id='vpxOverlay'><img alt='' id='vpxImage' src='" + data[index] + "'/><button type='button' id='vpxLeft' onclick='turnPage(-2)' class='asText'><img alt='left button' src='/assets/courseware/v1/5f6befa3d9798df3a129c4f061fdfec0/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/left.png'/></button><button type='button' id='vpxRight' onclick='turnPage(2)' class='asText'><img alt='right button' src='/assets/courseware/v1/37f47577dcbcd2016ae60761c914b84f/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/right.png'/><button class='asText' id='vpxClose' onclick='closeAlbum()'><p style='color:white';>[X] Return to Thumbnails</p></button></div>"); //create the overlay. This is made to cover the avaliable space, and fixed so scrolling is ineffectual.
if(captions){ //only add sidebar if you want captions
$('#vpxOverlay').append("<div id='vpxSidebar'><p id='vpxVert' onclick='toggleSidebar()'><strong>Show Info</strong></p><p id='vpxData'>" + data[index+1] + "</p></div>");
}
bookmark = index
//need to make sure the sidebar is properly hidden with tab showing.
var right = Number($('#vpxSidebar').css('width').slice(0,-2)) - 40; //width of the sidebar minus the tab that needs to show (negative).
$('#vpxSidebar').css('right','-'+right+'px'); //pull it right offscreen by this much
var shift = (Number($('#vpxSidebar').css('height').slice(0,-2))-60)/2; //equation gotten by seeing what screen sizes needed what margin for the vertical text to show up right.
$('#vpxVert').css('margin-left','' + shift + 'px');
toggleSidebar();
}
window.onresize = function(){
if(!sidebarOpen){ //only change the sidebar shift if it's still closed.
var right = Number($('#vpxSidebar').css('width').slice(0,-2)) - 40; //width of the sidebar minus the tab that needs to show (negative).
$('#vpxSidebar').css('right','-'+right+'px'); //pull it right offscreen by this much
}
var shift = (Number($('#vpxSidebar').css('height').slice(0,-2))-60)/2; //equation gotten by seeing what screen sizes needed what margin for the vertical text to show up right.
$('#vpxVert').css('margin-left','' + shift + 'px');
}
function closeAlbum(){
$('#vpxOverlay').remove();
}
$(document).keyup(function(e) {
if (e.keyCode == 27) { // Esc
closeAlbum();
}
else if (e.keyCode == 39) {
turnPage(2);
}
else if (e.keyCode == 37) {
turnPage(-2);
}
});
function turnPage(direction){
bookmark += direction; //left calls this with -2, right calls it with +2
if(bookmark===-2){ //check if we're wrapping around the back of the album
bookmark = data.length - 2; //get to last item in data
}
if(bookmark===data.length){ //check if we're at the end and wrapping around to the front
bookmark = 0; //go back to the first item in data
}
$('#vpxImage').attr('src',data[bookmark]);
$('#vpxData').empty().append(data[bookmark+1]);
}
function toggleSidebar(){
if(sidebarOpen){ //if the sidebar is currently open
var right = Number($('#vpxSidebar').css('width').slice(0,-2)) - 40; //width of the sidebar minus the tab that needs to show (negative).
$('#vpxSidebar').animate({'right':'-' + right + 'px'},function(){
sidebarOpen = false;
$('#vpxVert').empty().append('<button type="button" class="asText"><strong>Show Info</strong></button>');
$('#vpxImage').css('max-height','100%');
});
}
else{ //if the sidebar is closed.
$('#vpxSidebar').animate({'right':'0px'},function(){
sidebarOpen = true;
$('#vpxVert').empty().append('<button type="button" class="asText"><strong>Hide Info</strong></button>');
$('#vpxImage').css('max-height','70%');
});
}
}
// ]]></script>
<style><!--
#vpxMain{
font-family:'open sans';
font-size:12pt;
}
#vpxOverlay{
position:fixed;
width:100%;
height:100%;
background:url('/assets/courseware/v1/6f040fbb4f806379997b7068fda1fe78/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/overlay.png') repeat;
top:0;
left:0;
z-index:999;
}
#vpxImage{
display:block;
margin:auto;
max-width:88%;
max-height:100%;
}
#vpxLeft{
position:absolute;
display:block;
top:45%;
left:10px;
width:60px;
height:auto;
cursor:pointer;
}
#vpxRight{
position:absolute;
display:block;
top:45%;
right:10px;
width:60px;
height:auto;
cursor:pointer;
}
#vpxClose{
position:absolute;
top:5px;
right:5px;
margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;
color:white;
font-family:'open sans';
cursor:pointer;
}
#vpxSidebar{
position:absolute;
bottom:0px;
width:100%;
height:30%;
border-bottom-left-radius:10px;
border-top-left-radius:10px;
background-color:#E2E2E2;
}
#vpxVert{
position:relative;
display:inline-block;
float:left;
height:100%;
margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;
transform:rotate(270deg);
-ms-transform:rotate(270deg); /* IE 9 */
-webkit-transform:rotate(270deg); /* Opera, Chrome, and Safari */
cursor:pointer;
}
#vpxData{
position:absolute;
left:40px;
right:40px;
height:90%;
overflow:auto;
}
.asText {
background:none;
border:none;
margin:0;
padding:0;
}
--></style>
<div id="vpxMain" style="overflow: hidden;"><img style="float: left; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 0px;" alt="Two pages of book; left of two images, one of young topless Filipino boy in loincloth smiling at camera, second of young, unsmiling Filipino man in white suit, holding hat in hands; second is title page of Worcester's book" width="60%" href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,0)" src="/assets/courseware/v1/9e2a298f595b024101cbe58d5756cf0f/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/1914_PhilPstPres_v2_2page-spread.jpg" /><img style="float: left; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px;" alt="two images, one of young topless Filipino boy in loincloth smiling at camera, second of young, unsmiling Filipino man in white suit, holding hat in hands;" width="60%" href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,2)" src="/assets/courseware/v1/2c7ed5899251fce502a140e488c82248/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/1914_PhilPstPres_v2_frontis_closeup.jpg" />
<p>Figure 43. “The Metamorphosis of a Bontoc Igorot. Two photographs of a Pit-a-pit, a Bontoc Igorot boy. The second was taken nine years after the first.” Title page and frontispiece, Dean C. Worcester, The Philippines Past and Present (1914).</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@dfcffefd799a45b3a26449f9adf26673">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@dfcffefd799a45b3a26449f9adf26673" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019" data-block-type="video" data-has-score="False" data-graded="True" data-request-token="af66201efed011ee9bb916fff75c5923">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Video"}
</script>
<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video IV-30: Before and After Shots</h3>
<div
id="video_dfcffefd799a45b3a26449f9adf26673"
class="video closed"
data-metadata='{"speed": null, "publishCompletionUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@dfcffefd799a45b3a26449f9adf26673/handler/publish_completion", "streams": "1.00:5us_KsGS-1k", "prioritizeHls": false, "completionEnabled": false, "autoAdvance": false, "captionDataDir": null, "transcriptLanguages": {"en": "English"}, "recordedYoutubeIsAvailable": true, "showCaptions": "true", "completionPercentage": 0.95, "saveStateUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@dfcffefd799a45b3a26449f9adf26673/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state", "ytMetadataEndpoint": "", "duration": 0.0, "autohideHtml5": false, "transcriptLanguage": "en", "ytApiUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api", "lmsRootURL": "https://openlearninglibrary.mit.edu", "sources": [], "transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@dfcffefd799a45b3a26449f9adf26673/handler/transcript/available_translations", "savedVideoPosition": 0.0, "transcriptTranslationUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@dfcffefd799a45b3a26449f9adf26673/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__", "saveStateEnabled": false, "ytTestTimeout": 1500, "poster": null, "autoplay": false, "generalSpeed": 1.0, "start": 0.0, "end": 0.0}'
data-bumper-metadata='null'
data-autoadvance-enabled="False"
data-poster='null'
tabindex="-1"
>
<div class="focus_grabber first"></div>
<div class="tc-wrapper">
<div class="video-wrapper">
<span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span>
<span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span>
<div class="video-player-pre"></div>
<div class="video-player">
<div id="dfcffefd799a45b3a26449f9adf26673"></div>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden">
Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser.
</h4>
</div>
<div class="video-player-post"></div>
<div class="closed-captions"></div>
<div class="video-controls is-hidden">
<div>
<div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div>
<div class="secondary-controls"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="focus_grabber last"></div>
<h3 class="hd hd-4 downloads-heading sr" id="video-download-transcripts_dfcffefd799a45b3a26449f9adf26673">Downloads and transcripts</h3>
<div class="wrapper-downloads" role="region" aria-labelledby="video-download-transcripts_dfcffefd799a45b3a26449f9adf26673">
<div class="wrapper-download-transcripts">
<h4 class="hd hd-5">Transcripts</h4>
<ul class="list-download-transcripts">
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@dfcffefd799a45b3a26449f9adf26673/handler/transcript/download" data-value="srt">Download SubRip (.srt) file</a>
</li>
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@video+block@dfcffefd799a45b3a26449f9adf26673/handler/transcript/download" data-value="txt">Download Text (.txt) file</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@vertical+block@83258c0b4f6a445c9a1d3a2d6621d7f4" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019" data-block-type="vertical" data-has-score="False" data-graded="True" data-request-token="af66201efed011ee9bb916fff75c5923">
<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Optional Reading, Chapter 3: Colonial Counterpoint</h2>
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@html+block@29e2b17b99e743b5bf508f8c75e0f06d">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@html+block@29e2b17b99e743b5bf508f8c75e0f06d" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019" data-block-type="html" data-has-score="False" data-graded="True" data-request-token="af66201efed011ee9bb916fff75c5923">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<h3 class="hd hd-2">Photography and Power II, Chapter 3: Colonial Counterpoint</h3>
<p></p>
<p><iframe title="PPII Chapter 3: Colonial Counterpoint" src="/assets/courseware/v1/e136b0f33956a31b4c9ac28c7f57e0d8/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/dw02_essay03.pdf" height="600px" width="100%" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" frameborder="0" scrolling="no">
Your browser does not support IFrames.
</iframe></p>
<p>To download the PDF, <a class="media" href="/assets/courseware/v1/e136b0f33956a31b4c9ac28c7f57e0d8/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/dw02_essay03.pdf">click here</a>.</p>
<p>To read the chapter on the Visualizing Cultures website, <a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/photography_and_power_02/dw02_essay03.html" target="[object Object]">click here</a>. </p>
<p></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
© All Rights Reserved