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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Introduction to Day 25</h2>
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<p><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Today, we will be examining the various contradictions embedded within Worcester's project. For example, how do we reconcile Worcester's deep interest in the lifestyles and traditions of non-Christian Filipino tribes with the degrading descriptive captions that he attached to their photographs? In addition, we will continue to explore the ethical questions posed by Worcester's representations of native subjects. These are all the images that we will be working with. Take a look, and move on to the videos and exercises.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong style="text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline;">Warning on viewing historical images</strong>: Images from the past can be offensive to view. By showing certain images or discussing certain topics, we do not endorse the views or opinions they present, but seek to understand the past, even when it is difficult to look at in the present. This course does not reflect the views of MIT, MITx, EdX or Visualizing Cultures.</span></p>
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<h3>Image Gallery</h3>
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<p><strong>Image Credits </strong>(from left to right, top to bottom):</p>
<p><em>“Bukidnon women dancing in the street to welcome us,”</em> 1909. Location: Impalutao, Bukidnon</p>
<p><em>One of the dummies at the foot of the arch shown in 11j003. The people were afraid to wear these clothes lest they displease us, but wanted to show that they had them,”</em> 1909. Location: Kalasungay, Bukidnon</p>
<p><em>Bontoc Igorot girl,</em> 1903. Location: Mayinit, Bontoc</p>
<p>Set of 10 images: <em>“Looking Back”</em> Un-captioned Series of Photos</p>
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Western Clothing</h2>
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<p>These two following photographs encapsulate the contradictions of American colonialism in the Philippines. In the first, indigenous Bukidnon women are depicted as welcoming the Americans with dancing, while donning Western dress. In the second, pay especial attention to the caption. What is the relationship between the ceremonial and traditional clothing of Filipinos and the social transformations that American colonialists sought to bring to the Philippines? After you watch the video, please complete the exercise. </p>
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<div id="vpxMain" style="overflow: hidden;"><img style="float: left; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 0px;" alt="Philipino women in skirts and blouses, carrying umbrellas, one line down the street, another standing on the side of the street in the shade" width="60%" href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,0)" src="/assets/courseware/v1/53d4cf830350cdccc148b47bb8d1c2bb/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/dw11I006_fromUM.jpg" />
<p>Top Image: Figure 44. “Bukidnon women dancing in the street to welcome us,” 1909. Location: Impalutao, Bukidnon</p>
<img style="float: left; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 10px;" alt="A Filipino costume on a small mannequin next to a building on the side of an empty road" width="60%" href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,2)" src="/assets/courseware/v1/c17b883aca5252ebfe0e47b8ff076ec8/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/dw11J004_fromUM.jpg" />
<p>Bottom Image: Figure 45. “One of the dummies at the foot of the arch shown in 11j003. The people were afraid to wear these clothes lest they displease us, but wanted to show that they had them,” 1909. Location: Kalasungay, Bukidnon</p>
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<legend id="d3a1ad58cab0490ab6b3776ea7b52bd0_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">What is the primary contradiction captured in these two photographs?</legend>
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<input type="radio" name="input_d3a1ad58cab0490ab6b3776ea7b52bd0_2_1" id="input_d3a1ad58cab0490ab6b3776ea7b52bd0_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="d3a1ad58cab0490ab6b3776ea7b52bd0_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_d3a1ad58cab0490ab6b3776ea7b52bd0_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d3a1ad58cab0490ab6b3776ea7b52bd0_2_1"> The American officials appeared to enjoy the lavish welcome from Bukidnon women, but the photograph was merely staged
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<input type="radio" name="input_d3a1ad58cab0490ab6b3776ea7b52bd0_2_1" id="input_d3a1ad58cab0490ab6b3776ea7b52bd0_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="d3a1ad58cab0490ab6b3776ea7b52bd0_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_d3a1ad58cab0490ab6b3776ea7b52bd0_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d3a1ad58cab0490ab6b3776ea7b52bd0_2_1"> While American officials required Filipinos to dress like Westerners, they also responded to traditional costume with a sense of &#8220;colonial nostalgia&#8221;
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<input type="radio" name="input_d3a1ad58cab0490ab6b3776ea7b52bd0_2_1" id="input_d3a1ad58cab0490ab6b3776ea7b52bd0_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="d3a1ad58cab0490ab6b3776ea7b52bd0_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_d3a1ad58cab0490ab6b3776ea7b52bd0_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_d3a1ad58cab0490ab6b3776ea7b52bd0_2_1"> Though American officials honored the ceremonial dress of the Filipinos, they ordered all of them to be destroyed
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Dean Worcester Contradictions</h2>
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<p>The contradictions embedded in Dean Worcester’s images are a significant recurring theme in this collection, especially his evident fascination with “uncivilized peoples” coupled with the pejorative, demeaning he employed to describe them. This romanticization of the “native” is a critical building block of colonialism, in the Philippines and more generally. After you watch the video, please complete the exercise.</p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video IV-32: Dean Worcester Contradictions</h3>
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<legend id="377fb7b704a343c0a62ca38521cb3908_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Which of the following statements help explain Worcester&#8217;s abiding fascination with the non-Christian tribes of the Philippines?</legend>
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_377fb7b704a343c0a62ca38521cb3908_2_1[]" id="input_377fb7b704a343c0a62ca38521cb3908_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_0"/><label id="377fb7b704a343c0a62ca38521cb3908_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_377fb7b704a343c0a62ca38521cb3908_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_377fb7b704a343c0a62ca38521cb3908_2_1"> He believed that his documentation of their ways of life would yield large financial dividends for himself
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_377fb7b704a343c0a62ca38521cb3908_2_1[]" id="input_377fb7b704a343c0a62ca38521cb3908_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_1"/><label id="377fb7b704a343c0a62ca38521cb3908_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_377fb7b704a343c0a62ca38521cb3908_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_377fb7b704a343c0a62ca38521cb3908_2_1"> He was convinced that these non-Christian tribes would integrate seamlessly into the urban mainstream and hoped to capture that process in photographs
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_377fb7b704a343c0a62ca38521cb3908_2_1[]" id="input_377fb7b704a343c0a62ca38521cb3908_2_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_3"/><label id="377fb7b704a343c0a62ca38521cb3908_2_1-choice_3-label" for="input_377fb7b704a343c0a62ca38521cb3908_2_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_377fb7b704a343c0a62ca38521cb3908_2_1"> He was attracted to the physicality and the intimacy with nature of the Filipinos who lived in difficult terrains
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Looking and Looking Back</h2>
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<p>These two following photographs encapsulate the contradictions of American colonialism in the Philippines. In the first, indigenous Bukidnon women are depicted as welcoming the Americans with dancing, while donning Western dress. In the second, pay especial attention to the caption. What is the relationship between the ceremonial and traditional clothing of Filipinos and the social transformations that American colonialists sought to bring to the Philippines? After you watch the video, please complete the exercise. </p>
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<p>Figure 46. Bontoc Igorot girl, 1903. Location: Mayinit, Bontoc</p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video IV-33: Looking and Looking Back</h3>
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<legend id="6f2dc6a0534f4c0eacebb6d70b86f562_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">What does the note that &#8220;the girl was badly frightened&#8221; in this photograph indicate?</legend>
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<p>The legacy of colonial photography as practiced by Dean Worcester at the turn of the 20th century has left a strong imprint on the ethics of research in the present day. Further, the Worcester collection is now creatively used by a variety of public and private agents in both the United States and the Philippines. In this video, your professors discuss these dynamic afterlives of Worcester’s photographs in the century that has elapsed since their production. After you finish watching, please complete the exercise. </p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video IV-34: Photographic Ethics and Sharing</h3>
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<legend id="bbe35fd05102405db7e7cd4d76dec24a_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Which of the following statements, about the legacies and contemporary uses of Worcester&#8217;s photographs, is FALSE?</legend>
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<input type="radio" name="input_bbe35fd05102405db7e7cd4d76dec24a_2_1" id="input_bbe35fd05102405db7e7cd4d76dec24a_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="bbe35fd05102405db7e7cd4d76dec24a_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_bbe35fd05102405db7e7cd4d76dec24a_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_bbe35fd05102405db7e7cd4d76dec24a_2_1"> They have been put to use by an international cast of actors from museums to tattoo artists
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Optional Reading, Chapter 5: Looking & Looking Back</h2>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Photography and Power II, Chapter 5: Looking & Looking Back</h3>
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<p>To read the chapter on the Visualizing Cultures website, <a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027/photography_and_power_02/dw02_essay05.html" target="[object Object]">click here</a>. </p>
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<p>What has been the overall impact of Worcester’s photographs? Think carefully about the images of Filipinos that we have covered in this unit, paying especial attention to the expressions and poise of the subjects. Where do we locate the humanity within these images? Taking another step back, what is the value of studying the past through photography? After you watch the video, please complete the final exercise.</p>
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if(captions){ //only add sidebar if you want captions
$('#vpxOverlay').append("<div id='vpxSidebar'><p id='vpxVert' onclick='toggleSidebar()'><strong>Show Info</strong></p><p id='vpxData'>" + data[index+1] + "</p></div>");
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bookmark = index
//need to make sure the sidebar is properly hidden with tab showing.
var right = Number($('#vpxSidebar').css('width').slice(0,-2)) - 40; //width of the sidebar minus the tab that needs to show (negative).
$('#vpxSidebar').css('right','-'+right+'px'); //pull it right offscreen by this much
var shift = (Number($('#vpxSidebar').css('height').slice(0,-2))-60)/2; //equation gotten by seeing what screen sizes needed what margin for the vertical text to show up right.
$('#vpxVert').css('margin-left','' + shift + 'px');
toggleSidebar();
}
window.onresize = function(){
if(!sidebarOpen){ //only change the sidebar shift if it's still closed.
var right = Number($('#vpxSidebar').css('width').slice(0,-2)) - 40; //width of the sidebar minus the tab that needs to show (negative).
$('#vpxSidebar').css('right','-'+right+'px'); //pull it right offscreen by this much
}
var shift = (Number($('#vpxSidebar').css('height').slice(0,-2))-60)/2; //equation gotten by seeing what screen sizes needed what margin for the vertical text to show up right.
$('#vpxVert').css('margin-left','' + shift + 'px');
}
function closeAlbum(){
$('#vpxOverlay').remove();
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$(document).keyup(function(e) {
if (e.keyCode == 27) { // Esc
closeAlbum();
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bookmark += direction; //left calls this with -2, right calls it with +2
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bookmark = data.length - 2; //get to last item in data
}
if(bookmark===data.length){ //check if we're at the end and wrapping around to the front
bookmark = 0; //go back to the first item in data
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$('#vpxImage').attr('src',data[bookmark]);
$('#vpxData').empty().append(data[bookmark+1]);
}
function toggleSidebar(){
if(sidebarOpen){ //if the sidebar is currently open
var right = Number($('#vpxSidebar').css('width').slice(0,-2)) - 40; //width of the sidebar minus the tab that needs to show (negative).
$('#vpxSidebar').animate({'right':'-' + right + 'px'},function(){
sidebarOpen = false;
$('#vpxVert').empty().append('<button type="button" class="asText"><strong>Show Info</strong></button>');
$('#vpxImage').css('max-height','100%');
});
}
else{ //if the sidebar is closed.
$('#vpxSidebar').animate({'right':'0px'},function(){
sidebarOpen = true;
$('#vpxVert').empty().append('<button type="button" class="asText"><strong>Hide Info</strong></button>');
$('#vpxImage').css('max-height','70%');
});
}
}
// ]]></script>
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top:0;
left:0;
z-index:999;
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#vpxImage{
display:block;
margin:auto;
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left:10px;
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height:30%;
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float:left;
height:100%;
margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;
transform:rotate(270deg);
-ms-transform:rotate(270deg); /* IE 9 */
-webkit-transform:rotate(270deg); /* Opera, Chrome, and Safari */
cursor:pointer;
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position:absolute;
left:40px;
right:40px;
height:90%;
overflow:auto;
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<table style="width: 100%;">
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<tr>
<td width="33%"><img href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,0)" style="cursor: pointer;" alt="Portrait of a Filipino woman from the waist up; wearing blouse, necklace, earrings, sitting in front of a white sheet, " src="/assets/courseware/v1/e903926f4718f91e9223c4044c428f06/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/dw01H007_fromUM.jpg" /></td>
<td width="33%"><img href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,2)" style="cursor: pointer;" alt="Portrait of a Filipino man from the waist up; topless, wearing head accessories, sitting in front of a white background" src="/assets/courseware/v1/cdafbd1f30be4f9855b1553aec1c743d/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/dw08F006_fromUM.jpg" /></td>
<td width="33%"><img href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,4)" style="cursor: pointer;" alt="Portrait of a Filipino man waist up; in wide brimmed hat, blouse, sash, in front of a white background" src="/assets/courseware/v1/a7f3c2caf96cc32a5e0577922fd4633d/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/dw11D004_fromUM.jpg" /></td>
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<tr>
<td><img href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,6)" style="cursor: pointer;" alt="Filipino man squatting, topless, holding a baby against his chest, in front of a white background" src="/assets/courseware/v1/93a60a5d14d1a5bf0fba7036708d5028/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/dw08C001_fromUM.jpg" /></td>
<td><img href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,8)" style="cursor: pointer;" alt="Young Filipino girl squatting on top of a log, cloth wrapped her body, in front of white background" src="/assets/courseware/v1/80638cc874094abae8d7b68c3671983f/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/dw03J015_fromUM.jpg" /></td>
<td><img href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,10)" style="cursor: pointer;" alt="Portrait of Filipino woman from wasit up; topless, wearing necklaces and a chain of bracelets from her wrist to her elbow on left arm, sitting in front of white background" src="/assets/courseware/v1/71b8e723d51834327f7aa27b02df2aff/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/dw02D018_fromUM.jpg" /></td>
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<tr>
<td><img href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,12)" style="cursor: pointer;" alt="Portrait of Filipino man from knees up; topless, cloth wrapped around shoulder, sitting in front of white background" src="/assets/courseware/v1/24d1d6432906803844dd729737269bc0/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/dw05G002_fromUM.jpg" /></td>
<td><img href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,14)" style="cursor: pointer;" alt="Filipino girl in head accessories, necklace, wearing blouse and skirt, standing in front of trees" src="/assets/courseware/v1/4752e26b88f88ce4f45e78f9cd0d2712/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/dw05K004_fromUM.jpg" /></td>
<td><img href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,16)" style="cursor: pointer;" alt="Old Filipino woman sitting on rock, arms wrapped around knees, rocks and shrubs in background" src="/assets/courseware/v1/afe44996bbd7ad3c65269578063653f1/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/dw06CC002_fromUM.jpg" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><img href="#" tabindex="0" onclick="album(data,18)" style="cursor: pointer;" alt="Old Filipino man standing in front of straw houses, and logs, topless" src="/assets/courseware/v1/03984186c4b635d07e355d8e63acfaf8/asset-v1:MITx+VPx+1T2019+type@asset+block/dw08D002_fromUM.jpg" /></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
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<p></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 'Open Sans', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">“Looking Back” Un-captioned Series of Photos</span></p>
</div>
</div>
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<h3 class="hd hd-2">Video IV-35: Conclusion</h3>
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class="video closed"
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