<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@vertical+block@cdcec3cb77f24816af42a5c731ed5a22" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-graded="True" data-request-token="cee24d9043b911ef8f0d0e08775edbcd" data-block-type="vertical" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Day 20 – Militarism (prints)</h2>
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@html+block@27df2748750e44f59169a3a6312e3c30">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@html+block@27df2748750e44f59169a3a6312e3c30" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-graded="True" data-request-token="cee24d9043b911ef8f0d0e08775edbcd" data-block-type="html" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<p><strong>Day 20 – Militarism</strong> will look at the presence of military in the prints: the confluence of leftwing influences, militarism, and cosmopolitanism: and the link between the intense onslaught of modernity and the rise of militarism.</p>
<p><span style="font-size: 1em;">Prints discussed:</span></p>
<ul></ul>
<ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: 1em;">”Senju Town with Storage Tanks (#4)‘</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 1em;">”Army Firing Range in the Fields of Toyama [Ōkubo] (#93)“</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 1em;">Pathway 18 – Military Presence </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 1em;">”The Third Regiment Headquarters at Azabu (#26)“ </span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul></ul>
<p>Followed by discussions:</p>
<ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: 1em;">Militarism & Modernity </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 1em;">Module III Wrap-Up </span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<p><strong><span style="font-size: 1em;">Day 20 Quiz – Militarism</span></strong></p>
<ul></ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@vertical+block@8ad7204515bf44cdb33b4a83a58c290b" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-graded="True" data-request-token="cee24d9043b911ef8f0d0e08775edbcd" data-block-type="vertical" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">”Senju Town with Storage Tanks (#4)“</h2>
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@html+block@7a2ae10c974f4e73b37d9444f4c4e988">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@html+block@7a2ae10c974f4e73b37d9444f4c4e988" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-graded="True" data-request-token="cee24d9043b911ef8f0d0e08775edbcd" data-block-type="html" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<p> ”Senju Town with Storage Tanks (#4),“ June 1929</p>
<p>“This work was well received and its ‘left wing’ style was a source of comment.” (Koizumi’s annotation, 1940)</p>
<blockquote>
<h5>The starkly modern feel of this print depicting oil storage tanks may have prompted Koizumi’s comment, which was ironic given the decidedly bourgeois thrust of his celebration of the “new Tokyo.” </h5>
</blockquote>
<p>Iizawa commented: </p>
<blockquote>
<h5>Since tank like this was a symbol of modern civilization and science at the time, they were good subject for the artist … people thought it’s a socialist work to pick this subject for art.<br /><br /></h5>
</blockquote>
<div><img height="auto" width="100%" src="/assets/courseware/v1/1c9790bd1b3b1fc65d9ab09dcaf8ab87/asset-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@asset+block/kk004_1929_w104_tanks_crop.jpg" alt="Koizumi Kishio, ”Senju Town with Storage Tanks“ (#4), ca. June 1929, woodblock print from the ”100 Views“ series. The Wolfsonian–FIU, Miami Beach, FL, The Mitchell Wolfson, Jr. Collection. From MIT Visualizing Cultures." /></div>
<h5><br />Caption: Koizumi Kishio, ”Senju Town with Storage Tanks (#4),“ ca. June 1929, woodblock print from the ”100 Views“ series (The Wolfsonian–FIU, Miami Beach, FL, The Mitchell Wolfson, Jr. Collection)</h5>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@video+block@c849a872391d48fd8e404d5a27e3683f">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@video+block@c849a872391d48fd8e404d5a27e3683f" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-graded="True" data-request-token="cee24d9043b911ef8f0d0e08775edbcd" data-block-type="video" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Video"}
</script>
<h3 class="hd hd-2">”Senju Town with Storage Tanks (#4)“</h3>
<div
id="video_c849a872391d48fd8e404d5a27e3683f"
class="video closed"
data-metadata='{"saveStateUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@video+block@c849a872391d48fd8e404d5a27e3683f/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state", "lmsRootURL": "https://openlearninglibrary.mit.edu", "publishCompletionUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@video+block@c849a872391d48fd8e404d5a27e3683f/handler/publish_completion", "streams": "1.00:t1PjJq1sWdY", "duration": null, "recordedYoutubeIsAvailable": true, "transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@video+block@c849a872391d48fd8e404d5a27e3683f/handler/transcript/available_translations", "captionDataDir": null, "ytApiUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api", "speed": null, "end": 0.0, "completionPercentage": 0.95, "autoAdvance": false, "transcriptLanguage": "en", "prioritizeHls": false, "autohideHtml5": false, "ytTestTimeout": 1500, "transcriptLanguages": {"en": "English"}, "savedVideoPosition": 0.0, "sources": [], "completionEnabled": false, "saveStateEnabled": false, "generalSpeed": 1.0, "autoplay": false, "poster": null, "showCaptions": "true", "transcriptTranslationUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@video+block@c849a872391d48fd8e404d5a27e3683f/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__", "ytMetadataEndpoint": "", "start": 0.0}'
data-bumper-metadata='null'
data-autoadvance-enabled="False"
data-poster='null'
tabindex="-1"
>
<div class="focus_grabber first"></div>
<div class="tc-wrapper">
<div class="video-wrapper">
<span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span>
<span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span>
<div class="video-player-pre"></div>
<div class="video-player">
<div id="c849a872391d48fd8e404d5a27e3683f"></div>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden">
Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser.
</h4>
</div>
<div class="video-player-post"></div>
<div class="closed-captions"></div>
<div class="video-controls is-hidden">
<div>
<div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div>
<div class="secondary-controls"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="focus_grabber last"></div>
<h3 class="hd hd-4 downloads-heading sr" id="video-download-transcripts_c849a872391d48fd8e404d5a27e3683f">Downloads and transcripts</h3>
<div class="wrapper-downloads" role="region" aria-labelledby="video-download-transcripts_c849a872391d48fd8e404d5a27e3683f">
<div class="wrapper-download-transcripts">
<h4 class="hd hd-5">Transcripts</h4>
<ul class="list-download-transcripts">
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@video+block@c849a872391d48fd8e404d5a27e3683f/handler/transcript/download" data-value="srt">Download SubRip (.srt) file</a>
</li>
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@video+block@c849a872391d48fd8e404d5a27e3683f/handler/transcript/download" data-value="txt">Download Text (.txt) file</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@vertical+block@09ad50c7acd14a4f97c9e85b1b5407b5" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-graded="True" data-request-token="cee24d9043b911ef8f0d0e08775edbcd" data-block-type="vertical" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">”Snow Covered Meiji Shrine Bridge at Dawn (#09)“</h2>
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@html+block@9f329cfea4bb4e71a4164c0bbee091e8">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@html+block@9f329cfea4bb4e71a4164c0bbee091e8" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-graded="True" data-request-token="cee24d9043b911ef8f0d0e08775edbcd" data-block-type="html" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<div>Dr. Ulak writes of Koizum‘‘s treatment of the military in the city as being rather neutral rather than either endorsing or protesting Japan‘s militarism. After the economic recovery in 1933, the government fell increasingly under the control of militarists who stifled opposition. By 1937 Japan waged open war on China.</div>
<div></div>
<div>
<blockquote>
<h5>In 1931, just three years after Koizumi began his woodblock series, Japan seized Manchuria—China‘s resource-rich “Three Northern Provinces”—and turned it into the puppet state of Manchukuo. In July 1937, three years before the series was completed, the nation embarked on a devastating war of aggression against China. In the interim, the military assumed increasing control over the political process.</h5>
<h5></h5>
<h5>Koizumi notes this militarization of domestic politics and foreign policy by peppering his street population with soldiers in khaki and singling out urban military installations in several prints. In this, his views diverge from the selections made by his eight colleagues whose 100-view subscription series was completed in 1932 and included only one truly conspicuous martial image in the form of a “military grand parade” by Kawakami Sumio. It was during the critical eight years between 1932 and 1940 that Japan’s embroilment in China grew. Whether Koizumi’s inclusion of signs of increasing military presence in the city was a matter-of-fact notation of a demographic reality or reflected an attitude that endorsed or regretted the new reality is unclear. (Ulak, “Modernity’s Undercurrents” <em>Tokyo Modern—I</em>)</h5>
<p></p>
</blockquote>
<p>Koizumi‘s earliest print with soldiers was made in 1931:</p>
<p></p>
<blockquote>
<h5>As with the imperial presence, the military presence is conveyed both directly and indirectly. Military figures appear in the prints from a fairly early date. To celebrate the new year of 1931, for example, Koizumi chose the Meiji Shrine in the snow as his theme, with tiny figures of soldiers by a Shinto torii or gateway giving life to the scene. (Ulak, “Modernity’s Undercurrents” <em>Tokyo Modern—l)</em><br /><br /></h5>
</blockquote>
<div><img height="auto" width="100%" src="/assets/courseware/v1/b947d95d7b488a71023ef7ce6243eb65/asset-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@asset+block/kk009_1931_w099_snowshrine_crop_2000w.jpg" alt="Koizumi Kishio, “Snow Covered Meiji Shrine Bridge at Dawn (#09),” January 1931" /></div>
<h5><br />Caption: Koizumi Kishio, “Snow Covered Meiji Shrine Bridge at Dawn (#09),” January 1931(The Wolfsonian–FIU, Miami Beach, FL, The Mitchell Wolfson, Jr. Collection)</h5>
<p></p>
</div>
<div></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@video+block@82114d123b84425da840b9a8ce468f8b">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@video+block@82114d123b84425da840b9a8ce468f8b" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-graded="True" data-request-token="cee24d9043b911ef8f0d0e08775edbcd" data-block-type="video" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Video"}
</script>
<h3 class="hd hd-2">Pathway 18 Military Presence</h3>
<div
id="video_82114d123b84425da840b9a8ce468f8b"
class="video closed"
data-metadata='{"saveStateUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@video+block@82114d123b84425da840b9a8ce468f8b/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state", "lmsRootURL": "https://openlearninglibrary.mit.edu", "publishCompletionUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@video+block@82114d123b84425da840b9a8ce468f8b/handler/publish_completion", "streams": "1.00:cSePqccOUWY", "duration": null, "recordedYoutubeIsAvailable": true, "transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@video+block@82114d123b84425da840b9a8ce468f8b/handler/transcript/available_translations", "captionDataDir": null, "ytApiUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api", "speed": null, "end": 0.0, "completionPercentage": 0.95, "autoAdvance": false, "transcriptLanguage": "en", "prioritizeHls": false, "autohideHtml5": false, "ytTestTimeout": 1500, "transcriptLanguages": {"en": "English"}, "savedVideoPosition": 0.0, "sources": [], "completionEnabled": false, "saveStateEnabled": false, "generalSpeed": 1.0, "autoplay": false, "poster": null, "showCaptions": "true", "transcriptTranslationUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@video+block@82114d123b84425da840b9a8ce468f8b/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__", "ytMetadataEndpoint": "", "start": 0.0}'
data-bumper-metadata='null'
data-autoadvance-enabled="False"
data-poster='null'
tabindex="-1"
>
<div class="focus_grabber first"></div>
<div class="tc-wrapper">
<div class="video-wrapper">
<span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span>
<span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span>
<div class="video-player-pre"></div>
<div class="video-player">
<div id="82114d123b84425da840b9a8ce468f8b"></div>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden">
Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser.
</h4>
</div>
<div class="video-player-post"></div>
<div class="closed-captions"></div>
<div class="video-controls is-hidden">
<div>
<div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div>
<div class="secondary-controls"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="focus_grabber last"></div>
<h3 class="hd hd-4 downloads-heading sr" id="video-download-transcripts_82114d123b84425da840b9a8ce468f8b">Downloads and transcripts</h3>
<div class="wrapper-downloads" role="region" aria-labelledby="video-download-transcripts_82114d123b84425da840b9a8ce468f8b">
<div class="wrapper-download-transcripts">
<h4 class="hd hd-5">Transcripts</h4>
<ul class="list-download-transcripts">
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@video+block@82114d123b84425da840b9a8ce468f8b/handler/transcript/download" data-value="srt">Download SubRip (.srt) file</a>
</li>
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@video+block@82114d123b84425da840b9a8ce468f8b/handler/transcript/download" data-value="txt">Download Text (.txt) file</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@vertical+block@344a1cd3ae0a4c1b95816cd50b369a14" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-graded="True" data-request-token="cee24d9043b911ef8f0d0e08775edbcd" data-block-type="vertical" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">”Army Firing Range in the Fields of Toyama [Ōkubo] (#93)“</h2>
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@html+block@2e4ebbe6a16d4a9b88611c9789fe008a">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@html+block@2e4ebbe6a16d4a9b88611c9789fe008a" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-graded="True" data-request-token="cee24d9043b911ef8f0d0e08775edbcd" data-block-type="html" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<p>”Army Firing Range in the Fields of Toyama [Ōkubo] (#93),“ June 1937</p>
<p>“This is where the elite Imperial forces are trained. The sound of live fire is thrilling.” (Koizumi’s annotation, 1940)</p>
<blockquote>
<h5>This army firing range was a training ground for the military. When it was established in Ōkubo during the Meiji era, the compound was in the countryside. By 1937, however, Tokyo had incorporated large areas of the surrounding countryside, and high walls were built around the compound to shield civilians from the live munitions fire. (Ulak, <em>Tokyo Modern—I</em>)</h5>
</blockquote>
<p></p>
<p>Ōkubo is just a few stops on the train West, Dr. Ulak remarks. Iiazawa comments:</p>
<p></p>
<blockquote>
<h5>Blue object on the left is the semi circled concrete roof of the firing range. It’s guarded to prevent missed bullet get into nearby residential area. Now this Toyamagahara area became big residential community and it is peaceful. </h5>
<p></p>
</blockquote>
<p>In his text on Visualizing Cultures, Dr. Ulak points out the contrast between the non-threatening aspect of soldiers in the scene, and the war waged on China only a month later:</p>
<p></p>
<blockquote>
<h5>One particularly unsettling image—unusual in the oeuvre of the shin-hanga and sōsaku-hanga artists as a whole—was produced in June 1937, a month before all-out war against China was launched. This depicted the Toyamagahara firing range, where almost doll-like soldiers are seen honing their skills. (Ulak, “Modernity’s Undercurrents” <em>Tokyo Modern—l)</em><br /><br /></h5>
</blockquote>
<div><img src="/assets/courseware/v1/d4da943152e9ba85007824c6bf66b7c0/asset-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@asset+block/kk093_1937_w007_range_c.jpg" alt="Army Firing Range in the Fields of Toyama [Oøkubo] (#93), June 1937" height="auto" width="100%" /></div>
<h5><br />Caption: Koizumi Kishio, ”Army Firing Range in the Fields of Toyama [Ōkubo] (#93),“ June 1937, woodblock print from the ”100 Views“ series (The Wolfsonian–FIU, Miami Beach, FL, The Mitchell Wolfson, Jr. Collection)</h5>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@video+block@abd205e625db4db9aaa0c282f7b85bed">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@video+block@abd205e625db4db9aaa0c282f7b85bed" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-graded="True" data-request-token="cee24d9043b911ef8f0d0e08775edbcd" data-block-type="video" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Video"}
</script>
<h3 class="hd hd-2">”Army Firing Range in the Fields of Toyama [Ōkubo] (#93)“</h3>
<div
id="video_abd205e625db4db9aaa0c282f7b85bed"
class="video closed"
data-metadata='{"saveStateUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@video+block@abd205e625db4db9aaa0c282f7b85bed/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state", "lmsRootURL": "https://openlearninglibrary.mit.edu", "publishCompletionUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@video+block@abd205e625db4db9aaa0c282f7b85bed/handler/publish_completion", "streams": "1.00:_UmW7317TKI", "duration": null, "recordedYoutubeIsAvailable": true, "transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@video+block@abd205e625db4db9aaa0c282f7b85bed/handler/transcript/available_translations", "captionDataDir": null, "ytApiUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api", "speed": null, "end": 0.0, "completionPercentage": 0.95, "autoAdvance": false, "transcriptLanguage": "en", "prioritizeHls": false, "autohideHtml5": false, "ytTestTimeout": 1500, "transcriptLanguages": {"en": "English"}, "savedVideoPosition": 0.0, "sources": [], "completionEnabled": false, "saveStateEnabled": false, "generalSpeed": 1.0, "autoplay": false, "poster": null, "showCaptions": "true", "transcriptTranslationUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@video+block@abd205e625db4db9aaa0c282f7b85bed/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__", "ytMetadataEndpoint": "", "start": 0.0}'
data-bumper-metadata='null'
data-autoadvance-enabled="False"
data-poster='null'
tabindex="-1"
>
<div class="focus_grabber first"></div>
<div class="tc-wrapper">
<div class="video-wrapper">
<span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span>
<span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span>
<div class="video-player-pre"></div>
<div class="video-player">
<div id="abd205e625db4db9aaa0c282f7b85bed"></div>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden">
Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser.
</h4>
</div>
<div class="video-player-post"></div>
<div class="closed-captions"></div>
<div class="video-controls is-hidden">
<div>
<div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div>
<div class="secondary-controls"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="focus_grabber last"></div>
<h3 class="hd hd-4 downloads-heading sr" id="video-download-transcripts_abd205e625db4db9aaa0c282f7b85bed">Downloads and transcripts</h3>
<div class="wrapper-downloads" role="region" aria-labelledby="video-download-transcripts_abd205e625db4db9aaa0c282f7b85bed">
<div class="wrapper-download-transcripts">
<h4 class="hd hd-5">Transcripts</h4>
<ul class="list-download-transcripts">
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@video+block@abd205e625db4db9aaa0c282f7b85bed/handler/transcript/download" data-value="srt">Download SubRip (.srt) file</a>
</li>
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@video+block@abd205e625db4db9aaa0c282f7b85bed/handler/transcript/download" data-value="txt">Download Text (.txt) file</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@vertical+block@ce2f96c5bb20488185067e5a0ef2125f" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-graded="True" data-request-token="cee24d9043b911ef8f0d0e08775edbcd" data-block-type="vertical" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">”The Third Regiment Headquarters at Azabu (#26)“</h2>
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@html+block@ced743673e2343a1815fb2b0759fdf9c">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@html+block@ced743673e2343a1815fb2b0759fdf9c" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-graded="True" data-request-token="cee24d9043b911ef8f0d0e08775edbcd" data-block-type="html" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<p>”The Third Regiment Headquarters at Azabu (#26),“ May 1932</p>
<p>“This is the modern building where Prince Chichibu once worked.” (Koizumi's Annotation)</p>
<blockquote>
<h5>The early months of 1932 were filled with militaristic and imperialistic activities: the bombing of Shanghai, the establishment of Manchoukuo (formerly Manchuria) as a Japanese puppet state, and political assassination. An image of the military compound, located near the imperial Palace, would therefore have been oddly appropriate at the time. Koizumi depicts the headquarters of the Third Infantry Regiment of the First Division, where Prince Chichibu, brother of Emperor Hirohito, served. The Third Regiment achieved notoriety for the role some of the men played in the attempted coup d’etat on 26 February 1936. (Ulak, <em>Tokyo Modern—1</em>)</h5>
</blockquote>
<p>Tadashi Iazawa (mid-century modern critic and manga writer) draws attention to the masks the soldiers wear:</p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<blockquote>
<h5>Asabu sanrentai army shocked the people in Tokyo on 2.26 affair but the remains of the building changed completely. It is used as a laboratory of University of Tokyo. In May with blooming silk trees, I wonder why the soldier putting mask on. On the left margin, Koizumi wrote “Asabu sanrentai of Prince Chichibunomiya“ because prince Chichibunomiya was working in this unit. Prince Chichibunomiya was popular among the citizens as a sportsman; however, he passed away early from pneumonia. (Iizawa, Tadashi. Annotations on Koizumi Kishio’s print series)<br /><br /></h5>
</blockquote>
<div><img height="auto" width="100%" src="/assets/courseware/v1/7c41751fcd8c8f2b74368650869418d8/asset-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@asset+block/kk026_1932_w079_regiment_c_2000w.jpg" alt="Koizumi Kishio, "The Third Regiment Headquarters at Azabu" (#26), May 1932, woodblock print from the ”100 Views“ series. The Wolfsonian–FIU, Miami Beach, FL, The Mitchell Wolfson, Jr. Collection. From MIT Visualizing Cultures." /></div>
<h5><br />Caption: Koizumi Kishio, ”The Third Regiment Headquarters at Azabu (#26),“ May 1932, woodblock print from the ”100 Views“ series (The Wolfsonian–FIU, Miami Beach, FL, The Mitchell Wolfson, Jr. Collection)</h5>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@vertical+block@9d5d2e0c009b47a0b72f218dafea4dc0" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-graded="True" data-request-token="cee24d9043b911ef8f0d0e08775edbcd" data-block-type="vertical" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">”Battery at Shinagawa (Fort in Edo Era) (#67)“</h2>
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@html+block@63355ade32b246ed9123d4709e1d07f3">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@html+block@63355ade32b246ed9123d4709e1d07f3" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-graded="True" data-request-token="cee24d9043b911ef8f0d0e08775edbcd" data-block-type="html" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<p>In a 1935 print, Battery at Shinagawa (Fort in Edo Era) (#67), Koizumi did not depict soldiers, but a fort that dated back to the gunboat diplomacy of Commodore Perry:</p>
<p></p>
<blockquote>
<h5>In 1935, two years after Japan withdrew from the League of Nations, Koizumi produced a print depicting fortifications built in the 1850s after Commodore Perry forced the country to abandon its policy of seclusion. (His cryptic annotation for this subtle invocation of foreign threats was a single sentence reading “The Tokugawa shogunate built this battery after being surprised when the black ships of America came to Japan.” (Ulak, “Modernity’s Undercurrents” <em>Tokyo Modern—l)</em><br /><br /></h5>
</blockquote>
<div><img height="auto" width="100%" src="/assets/courseware/v1/a142dc5f0d3277cbbf74d59482da8094/asset-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@asset+block/kk067_1935_w039_fort_crop_2000w.jpg" alt="Koizumi Kishio, “Battery at Shinagawa (Fort in Edo Era) (#67),” August 1935" /></div>
<h5><br />Koizumi Kishio, ”Battery at Shinagawa (Fort in Edo Era) (#67),” August 1935 (The Wolfsonian–FIU, Miami Beach, FL, The Mitchell Wolfson, Jr. Collection)</h5>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@video+block@89a436345cdc4d1eaf6b633974c82a5f">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@video+block@89a436345cdc4d1eaf6b633974c82a5f" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-graded="True" data-request-token="cee24d9043b911ef8f0d0e08775edbcd" data-block-type="video" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Video"}
</script>
<h3 class="hd hd-2">Militarism & Modernity</h3>
<div
id="video_89a436345cdc4d1eaf6b633974c82a5f"
class="video closed"
data-metadata='{"saveStateUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@video+block@89a436345cdc4d1eaf6b633974c82a5f/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state", "lmsRootURL": "https://openlearninglibrary.mit.edu", "publishCompletionUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@video+block@89a436345cdc4d1eaf6b633974c82a5f/handler/publish_completion", "streams": "1.00:XNqVfdNxy5E", "duration": null, "recordedYoutubeIsAvailable": true, "transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@video+block@89a436345cdc4d1eaf6b633974c82a5f/handler/transcript/available_translations", "captionDataDir": null, "ytApiUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api", "speed": null, "end": 0.0, "completionPercentage": 0.95, "autoAdvance": false, "transcriptLanguage": "en", "prioritizeHls": false, "autohideHtml5": false, "ytTestTimeout": 1500, "transcriptLanguages": {"en": "English"}, "savedVideoPosition": 0.0, "sources": [], "completionEnabled": false, "saveStateEnabled": false, "generalSpeed": 1.0, "autoplay": false, "poster": null, "showCaptions": "true", "transcriptTranslationUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@video+block@89a436345cdc4d1eaf6b633974c82a5f/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__", "ytMetadataEndpoint": "", "start": 0.0}'
data-bumper-metadata='null'
data-autoadvance-enabled="False"
data-poster='null'
tabindex="-1"
>
<div class="focus_grabber first"></div>
<div class="tc-wrapper">
<div class="video-wrapper">
<span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span>
<span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span>
<div class="video-player-pre"></div>
<div class="video-player">
<div id="89a436345cdc4d1eaf6b633974c82a5f"></div>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden">
Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser.
</h4>
</div>
<div class="video-player-post"></div>
<div class="closed-captions"></div>
<div class="video-controls is-hidden">
<div>
<div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div>
<div class="secondary-controls"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="focus_grabber last"></div>
<h3 class="hd hd-4 downloads-heading sr" id="video-download-transcripts_89a436345cdc4d1eaf6b633974c82a5f">Downloads and transcripts</h3>
<div class="wrapper-downloads" role="region" aria-labelledby="video-download-transcripts_89a436345cdc4d1eaf6b633974c82a5f">
<div class="wrapper-download-transcripts">
<h4 class="hd hd-5">Transcripts</h4>
<ul class="list-download-transcripts">
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@video+block@89a436345cdc4d1eaf6b633974c82a5f/handler/transcript/download" data-value="srt">Download SubRip (.srt) file</a>
</li>
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@video+block@89a436345cdc4d1eaf6b633974c82a5f/handler/transcript/download" data-value="txt">Download Text (.txt) file</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@vertical+block@1587a7a35c014ef0b2976219c1c74319" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-graded="True" data-request-token="cee24d9043b911ef8f0d0e08775edbcd" data-block-type="vertical" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Module III Wrap-Up</h2>
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@html+block@cccd01213e934ef697f5da209d081f39">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@html+block@cccd01213e934ef697f5da209d081f39" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-graded="True" data-request-token="cee24d9043b911ef8f0d0e08775edbcd" data-block-type="html" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<p>The video below wraps up Module III.</p>
<p>We conclude the topic of militarism with several Koizumi prints. First, read through Dr. Ulak‘s text on the end of Koizumi‘s series, his later work, the consequences of war, and the 1945 obliteration<span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span>of the modern Tokyo we‘ve come to know through the 100 views.</p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<blockquote>
<h5>In 1942—with Japan now engaged in war on every front, and careening toward destruction that would dwarf the catastrophe of the Kantō earthquake—Koizumi’s completed “100 Views” went on exhibition in Tokyo, Osaka, and Yokohama, and full editions were offered for sale through the Asahi newspaper company. That same year, Koizumi launched a new project: a projected 36-print series of views of Mt. Fuji.</h5>
<h5></h5>
<h5>This again was, on the surface, a thoroughly conventional subject and, indeed, well-established numerology. The great Hokusai had made the iconic mountain his sole subject not only in a celebrated series of woodblock prints titled “36 Views of Mt. Fuji” (1829–1833), but also in a follow-up three-volume set of images titled “100 Views of Mt. Fuji“ (1834–1835). The perfectly symmetrical mountain, rising toward heaven as if out of nowhere, had been sanctified and venerated since ancient times. When Koizumi fixed his attention on this as his next project, however, it also had become something more notably and notoriously “modern”: a powerful nationalistic symbol of the sublime purity and perfection of the land and its people.</h5>
<h5></h5>
<h5>Koizumi worked on this final project until his death on December 7, 1945, four months after Japan’s surrender. Despite declining health, he carried out a number of trips to the environs of Mt. Fuji. As U.S. air raids in 1945 systematically destroyed his beloved “reborn” Tokyo (and 65 other cities), he took refuge with in-laws in Saitama prefecture, north of Tokyo, and at the time of his death he had completed 23 of the projected 36 views. In 1946, these were exhibited at the Mitsukoshi department store in Nihonbashi in the rubble of a metropolis once again awaiting rebirth.</h5>
<h5></h5>
<h5>23 years had passed since the earthquake, and much of what Koizumi and his fellow artists had attempted to capture in their innovative prints of a “new Tokyo” survives only in the lively impressions they left us. (Ulak, “Modernity’s Undercurrents” <em>Tokyo Modern—I</em>)</h5>
</blockquote>
<p></p>
<p>Two brilliant Koizumi prints depict the controversial Yasukuni Shrine, ”dedicated to military men who died serving the emperor.“</p>
<p></p>
<blockquote>
<h5>The military build-up emerges in even the most prosaic of scenes. A lovely fireworks display framed by a huge torii—issued in October 1931, one month after the Manchurian Incident—evokes traditional summer and early autumn festivals and the popularity of fireworks in traditional woodblock prints. Closer inspection, however, reveals that the site is Yasukuni Shrine, the very heart of veneration of those who give their lives in battle for the imperial cause. Yasukuni Shrine was dedicated to military men who died serving the emperor. (Ulak, “Modernity’s Undercurrents” <em>Tokyo Modern—l)</em><br /><br /></h5>
</blockquote>
<div><img height="auto" width="100%" src="/assets/courseware/v1/dcbeb9995cbd2b71e1ec4a370af12d84/asset-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@asset+block/kk019a_1931_w087_fest_crop_2000w.jpg" alt="Koizumi Kishio, “Fall Festival at Yasukuni Shrine (#19),” October 1931" /></div>
<h5><br />Caption (above): Koizumi Kishio, “Fall Festival at Yasukuni Shrine (#19),” October 1931 (The Wolfsonian–FIU, Miami Beach, FL, The Mitchell Wolfson, Jr. Collection)<br /><br /><br /></h5>
<blockquote>
<h5>Another October festival nine years later—composed as Koizumi was bringing his series to a close—captures a thoroughly modern, urban crowd with a khaki-clad soldier amongst them. The military presence was obvious, but no one could have guessed from this that Pearl Harbor lay only fourteen months ahead. (Ulak, “Modernity’s Undercurrents” <em>Tokyo Modern—l)</em><br /><br /></h5>
</blockquote>
<div><img height="auto" width="100%" src="/assets/courseware/v1/b96a81e481a9645934bfe6e47bc7cb38/asset-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@asset+block/kk036r_1940_w068_asakusa_crop_2000w.jpg" alt="Koizumi Kishio, “Asakusa Tori-No-Ichi Festival [Ōtori Shrine] (#36-revised),” September 1940." /></div>
<h5><br />Caption (above): Koizumi Kishio, “Asakusa Tori-No-Ichi Festival [Ōtori Shrine] (#36-revised),” September 1940. The print features the colorful <em>kumade</em> bamboo rakes—thought to ensure good fortune—associated with this festival. (The Wolfsonian–FIU, Miami Beach, FL, The Mitchell Wolfson, Jr. Collection)</h5>
<p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@video+block@970018b613844c2d8935c056381a2db5">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-video xmodule_display xmodule_VideoBlock" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@video+block@970018b613844c2d8935c056381a2db5" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-graded="True" data-request-token="cee24d9043b911ef8f0d0e08775edbcd" data-block-type="video" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Video"}
</script>
<h3 class="hd hd-2">Module III – Wrap Up</h3>
<div
id="video_970018b613844c2d8935c056381a2db5"
class="video closed"
data-metadata='{"saveStateUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@video+block@970018b613844c2d8935c056381a2db5/handler/xmodule_handler/save_user_state", "lmsRootURL": "https://openlearninglibrary.mit.edu", "publishCompletionUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@video+block@970018b613844c2d8935c056381a2db5/handler/publish_completion", "streams": "1.00:e456lCUwoo8", "duration": null, "recordedYoutubeIsAvailable": true, "transcriptAvailableTranslationsUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@video+block@970018b613844c2d8935c056381a2db5/handler/transcript/available_translations", "captionDataDir": null, "ytApiUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api", "speed": null, "end": 0.0, "completionPercentage": 0.95, "autoAdvance": false, "transcriptLanguage": "en", "prioritizeHls": false, "autohideHtml5": false, "ytTestTimeout": 1500, "transcriptLanguages": {"en": "English"}, "savedVideoPosition": 0.0, "sources": [], "completionEnabled": false, "saveStateEnabled": false, "generalSpeed": 1.0, "autoplay": false, "poster": null, "showCaptions": "true", "transcriptTranslationUrl": "/courses/course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@video+block@970018b613844c2d8935c056381a2db5/handler/transcript/translation/__lang__", "ytMetadataEndpoint": "", "start": 0.0}'
data-bumper-metadata='null'
data-autoadvance-enabled="False"
data-poster='null'
tabindex="-1"
>
<div class="focus_grabber first"></div>
<div class="tc-wrapper">
<div class="video-wrapper">
<span tabindex="0" class="spinner" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="Loading video player"></span>
<span tabindex="-1" class="btn-play fa fa-youtube-play fa-2x is-hidden" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Play video"></span>
<div class="video-player-pre"></div>
<div class="video-player">
<div id="970018b613844c2d8935c056381a2db5"></div>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-error is-hidden">No playable video sources found.</h4>
<h4 class="hd hd-4 video-hls-error is-hidden">
Your browser does not support this video format. Try using a different browser.
</h4>
</div>
<div class="video-player-post"></div>
<div class="closed-captions"></div>
<div class="video-controls is-hidden">
<div>
<div class="vcr"><div class="vidtime">0:00 / 0:00</div></div>
<div class="secondary-controls"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="focus_grabber last"></div>
<h3 class="hd hd-4 downloads-heading sr" id="video-download-transcripts_970018b613844c2d8935c056381a2db5">Downloads and transcripts</h3>
<div class="wrapper-downloads" role="region" aria-labelledby="video-download-transcripts_970018b613844c2d8935c056381a2db5">
<div class="wrapper-download-transcripts">
<h4 class="hd hd-5">Transcripts</h4>
<ul class="list-download-transcripts">
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@video+block@970018b613844c2d8935c056381a2db5/handler/transcript/download" data-value="srt">Download SubRip (.srt) file</a>
</li>
<li class="transcript-option">
<a class="btn btn-link" href="/courses/course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@video+block@970018b613844c2d8935c056381a2db5/handler/transcript/download" data-value="txt">Download Text (.txt) file</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-vertical" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@vertical+block@bf46b18b6d23448bb1c4b25f72b2ba32" data-init="VerticalStudentView" data-graded="True" data-request-token="cee24d9043b911ef8f0d0e08775edbcd" data-block-type="vertical" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Day 20 Quiz - Militarism</h2>
<div class="vert-mod">
<div class="vert vert-0" data-id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@html+block@6c4ef9e2235e4ebc89c97c8942bc2c1e">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@html+block@6c4ef9e2235e4ebc89c97c8942bc2c1e" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-graded="True" data-request-token="cee24d9043b911ef8f0d0e08775edbcd" data-block-type="html" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019" data-has-score="False" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<p><strong>Day 20 Quiz - Militarism</strong></p>
<p>With Day 20 we come to the end of Module III!</p>
<p>After completing the brief quiz that reviews today‘s topic, you only need to go on to the Module III Final Exam.</p>
<p>Today's quiz begins with one of Koizumi‘s memorable compositions, ”Senju Town with Storage Tanks“ (#4), ca. June 1929.</p>
<p><img height="auto" width="80%" src="/assets/courseware/v1/1c9790bd1b3b1fc65d9ab09dcaf8ab87/asset-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@asset+block/kk004_1929_w104_tanks_crop.jpg" alt="Koizumi Kishio, ”Senju Town with Storage Tanks“ (#4), ca. June 1929, woodblock print from the ”100 Views“ series. The Wolfsonian–FIU, Miami Beach, FL, The Mitchell Wolfson, Jr. Collection. From MIT Visualizing Cultures." /></p>
<h5>Caption: Koizumi Kishio, ”Senju Town with Storage Tanks“ (#4), ca. June 1929, woodblock print from the ”100 Views“ series (The Wolfsonian–FIU, Miami Beach, FL, The Mitchell Wolfson, Jr. Collection)</h5>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-1" data-id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@problem+block@b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@problem+block@b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-graded="True" data-request-token="cee24d9043b911ef8f0d0e08775edbcd" data-block-type="problem" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019" data-has-score="True" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Problem"}
</script>
<div id="problem_b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777" class="problems-wrapper" role="group"
aria-labelledby="b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777-problem-title"
data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@problem+block@b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@problem+block@b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777/handler/xmodule_handler"
data-problem-score="0"
data-problem-total-possible="1"
data-attempts-used="0"
data-content="
<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@problem+block@b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Checkboxes
</h3>
<div class="problem-progress" id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@problem+block@b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777-problem-progress"></div>
<div class="problem">
<div>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777_2_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777_2_1">
<legend id="b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Looking at Koizumi&#8216;s &#8221;Senju Town with Storage Tanks&#8220; print, which statements are true?</legend>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777_2_1[]" id="input_b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_0"/><label id="b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777_2_1"> it is a study in color fields and forms
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777_2_1[]" id="input_b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_1"/><label id="b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777_2_1"> it is a detailed study of an industrial factory
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777_2_1[]" id="input_b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_2"/><label id="b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777_2_1"> the skyline refers to the traditional <em>Bokashi</em> technique
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777_2_1[]" id="input_b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777_2_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_3"/><label id="b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777_2_1-choice_3-label" for="input_b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777_2_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777_2_1"> leftist movements were not well known in Tokyo at the time
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777_2_1[]" id="input_b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777_2_1_choice_4" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_4"/><label id="b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777_2_1-choice_4-label" for="input_b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777_2_1_choice_4" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777_2_1"> cosmopolitanism included art influences, film, literature, etc.
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777_2_1[]" id="input_b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777_2_1_choice_5" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_5"/><label id="b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777_2_1-choice_5-label" for="input_b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777_2_1_choice_5" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777_2_1"> radical, young military officers were inspired by socialist, Marxist rhetoric
</label>
</div>
<span id="answer_b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777_2_1"/>
</fieldset>
<div class="indicator-container">
<span class="status unanswered" id="status_b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777_2_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered.">
<span class="sr">unanswered</span><span class="status-icon" aria-hidden="true"/>
</span>
</div>
</div></div>
</div>
<div class="action">
<input type="hidden" name="problem_id" value="Checkboxes" />
<div class="submit-attempt-container">
<button type="button" class="submit btn-brand" data-submitting="Submitting" data-value="Submit" data-should-enable-submit-button="True" aria-describedby="submission_feedback_b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777" >
<span class="submit-label">Submit</span>
</button>
<div class="submission-feedback" id="submission_feedback_b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777">
<span class="sr">Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="problem-action-buttons-wrapper">
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-gentle-alert
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-exclamation-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777-problem-title">
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-save
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-save" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777-problem-title">None
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification general notification-show-answer
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-info-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="b27abbc1781846958bf960cbd3cf5777-problem-title">Answers are displayed within the problem
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
"
data-graded="True">
<p class="loading-spinner">
<i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
<span class="sr">Loading…</span>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-2" data-id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@problem+block@7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@problem+block@7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-graded="True" data-request-token="cee24d9043b911ef8f0d0e08775edbcd" data-block-type="problem" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019" data-has-score="True" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Problem"}
</script>
<div id="problem_7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5" class="problems-wrapper" role="group"
aria-labelledby="7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5-problem-title"
data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@problem+block@7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@problem+block@7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5/handler/xmodule_handler"
data-problem-score="0"
data-problem-total-possible="1"
data-attempts-used="0"
data-content="
<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@problem+block@7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Checkboxes
</h3>
<div class="problem-progress" id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@problem+block@7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5-problem-progress"></div>
<div class="problem">
<div>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5_2_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5_2_1">
<legend id="7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">1937 was an important year, according to Professor Dower. Which statements explain why?</legend>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5_2_1[]" id="input_7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_0"/><label id="7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5_2_1"> suppression of free expression and dissidents escalates in Japan
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5_2_1[]" id="input_7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_1"/><label id="7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5_2_1"> art movements begin a period of free expression of socialist ideas
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5_2_1[]" id="input_7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_2"/><label id="7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5_2_1"> Japan&#8216;s military launches open, aggressive war with China
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5_2_1[]" id="input_7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5_2_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_3"/><label id="7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5_2_1-choice_3-label" for="input_7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5_2_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5_2_1"> The Rape of Nanking takes place
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5_2_1[]" id="input_7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5_2_1_choice_4" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_4"/><label id="7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5_2_1-choice_4-label" for="input_7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5_2_1_choice_4" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5_2_1"> the military influence increases in Tokyo
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5_2_1[]" id="input_7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5_2_1_choice_5" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_5"/><label id="7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5_2_1-choice_5-label" for="input_7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5_2_1_choice_5" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5_2_1"> civilian life and free expression remains unaffected by militarism
</label>
</div>
<span id="answer_7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5_2_1"/>
</fieldset>
<div class="indicator-container">
<span class="status unanswered" id="status_7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5_2_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered.">
<span class="sr">unanswered</span><span class="status-icon" aria-hidden="true"/>
</span>
</div>
</div></div>
</div>
<div class="action">
<input type="hidden" name="problem_id" value="Checkboxes" />
<div class="submit-attempt-container">
<button type="button" class="submit btn-brand" data-submitting="Submitting" data-value="Submit" data-should-enable-submit-button="True" aria-describedby="submission_feedback_7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5" >
<span class="submit-label">Submit</span>
</button>
<div class="submission-feedback" id="submission_feedback_7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5">
<span class="sr">Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="problem-action-buttons-wrapper">
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-gentle-alert
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-exclamation-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5-problem-title">
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-save
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-save" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5-problem-title">None
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification general notification-show-answer
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-info-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="7accfd13e0d14ec3b46f1076f2c57ed5-problem-title">Answers are displayed within the problem
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
"
data-graded="True">
<p class="loading-spinner">
<i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
<span class="sr">Loading…</span>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-3" data-id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@problem+block@a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-problem xmodule_display xmodule_ProblemBlock" data-usage-id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@problem+block@a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-graded="True" data-request-token="cee24d9043b911ef8f0d0e08775edbcd" data-block-type="problem" data-runtime-version="1" data-course-id="course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019" data-has-score="True" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "Problem"}
</script>
<div id="problem_a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25" class="problems-wrapper" role="group"
aria-labelledby="a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25-problem-title"
data-problem-id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@problem+block@a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25" data-url="/courses/course-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019/xblock/block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@problem+block@a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25/handler/xmodule_handler"
data-problem-score="0"
data-problem-total-possible="1"
data-attempts-used="0"
data-content="
<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@problem+block@a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Checkboxes
</h3>
<div class="problem-progress" id="block-v1:MITx+VTx+1T2019+type@problem+block@a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25-problem-progress"></div>
<div class="problem">
<div>
<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><div class="choicegroup capa_inputtype" id="inputtype_a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25_2_1">
<fieldset aria-describedby="status_a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25_2_1">
<legend id="a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Koizumi&#8216;s prints tell us something about the relationship between modernity and militarism in the 1930s. Which statements are supported in the earlier discussions?</legend>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25_2_1[]" id="input_a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_0"/><label id="a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25_2_1"> modernity or militarism was not an either/or situation: the prints show both coexisting
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25_2_1[]" id="input_a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_1"/><label id="a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25_2_1"> there was a radical shift in Koizumi&#8216;s approach in the late 1930s due to increased militarism
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25_2_1[]" id="input_a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_2"/><label id="a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25_2_1"> the disruptions of modernity can be linked in some way to the rise of militarism
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25_2_1[]" id="input_a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25_2_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_3"/><label id="a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25_2_1-choice_3-label" for="input_a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25_2_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25_2_1"> the presence of military in the city is normal in a country with national conscription like Japan
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25_2_1[]" id="input_a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25_2_1_choice_4" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_4"/><label id="a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25_2_1-choice_4-label" for="input_a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25_2_1_choice_4" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25_2_1"> a typical belief of the American post-WW2 occupiers was that Japan was a semi-feudal country that needed to be educated about individualism and democratic systems
</label>
</div>
<div class="field">
<input type="checkbox" name="input_a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25_2_1[]" id="input_a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25_2_1_choice_5" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_5"/><label id="a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25_2_1-choice_5-label" for="input_a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25_2_1_choice_5" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25_2_1"> Koizumi&#8216;s series has little or no political content, even as subtext
</label>
</div>
<span id="answer_a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25_2_1"/>
</fieldset>
<div class="indicator-container">
<span class="status unanswered" id="status_a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25_2_1" data-tooltip="Not yet answered.">
<span class="sr">unanswered</span><span class="status-icon" aria-hidden="true"/>
</span>
</div>
</div></div>
</div>
<div class="action">
<input type="hidden" name="problem_id" value="Checkboxes" />
<div class="submit-attempt-container">
<button type="button" class="submit btn-brand" data-submitting="Submitting" data-value="Submit" data-should-enable-submit-button="True" aria-describedby="submission_feedback_a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25" >
<span class="submit-label">Submit</span>
</button>
<div class="submission-feedback" id="submission_feedback_a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25">
<span class="sr">Some problems have options such as save, reset, hints, or show answer. These options follow the Submit button.</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="problem-action-buttons-wrapper">
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-gentle-alert
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-exclamation-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25-problem-title">
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification warning notification-save
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-save" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25-problem-title">None
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
<div class="notification general notification-show-answer
is-hidden"
tabindex="-1">
<span class="icon fa fa-info-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="notification-message" aria-describedby="a8e5f854865b46d7a0d9c10d9160ea25-problem-title">Answers are displayed within the problem
</span>
<div class="notification-btn-wrapper">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-small notification-btn review-btn sr">Review</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
"
data-graded="True">
<p class="loading-spinner">
<i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
<span class="sr">Loading…</span>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>