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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Incomplete Examples: Crisis Text Line</h2>
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<p style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000;">Next, you will read three more examples of Impact Opportunity statements. However, these examples are incomplete. They do include some key elements, but they are either unclear or lack essential information.</p>
<p style="caret-color: #000000; color: #000000;">As you read each example, you will need to consider if the Impact Opportunity statement includes a brief description of the problem, an explanation for why it exists, information about scale, and supporting evidence. You will identify appropriate changes to these Impact Opportunity statements, and this will enable you to have a better understanding of how to write your own effectively. </p>
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<p><img src="/assets/courseware/v1/92f8d69c43fe1d6ea685b815c18b91f2/asset-v1:MITx+0.SolveX+2T2021+type@asset+block/UxPxbvoI_400x400.png" alt="Crisis Text Line Logo" style="float: right; padding: 10px;" width="220" height="220" />Crisis Text Line is a 2019 Solve finalist that provides free, confidential crisis support via text message 24/7 to people of all ages and backgrounds—whether they’re having suicidal thoughts or they’re stressed out about an upcoming exam.</p>
<p>They describe their Impact Opportunity below (modified for this example):</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">About 1 in 5 people between ages 13 and 18 will experience a severe mental disorder at some point in their lives. Despite this being a large portion of our population, over half aren't getting the help they need. Untreated mental illness has serious consequences for our cities. Suicide is the 10th leading cause of death in the U.S. and the 2nd leading cause of death for people aged 10–34. Mood disorders are the third most common cause of hospitalization in the U.S. for people ages 18 to 44.</p>
<p style="text-rendering: optimizelegibility; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #313131;"><strong>Additional Reading</strong></p>
<ul style="text-rendering: optimizelegibility; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #313131;">
<li style="text-rendering: optimizelegibility; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.crisistextline.org/purpose" target="[object Object]">Crisis Text Line's Origin Story</a></li>
<li style="text-rendering: optimizelegibility; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/02/09/r-u" target="[object Object]">R U THERE? - New Yorker Magazine</a></li>
<li style="text-rendering: optimizelegibility; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://solve.mit.edu/challenges/healthy-cities/solutions/8885" target="_blank">Crisis Text Line Solve Application</a></li>
</ul>
<p><em>Logo © 2013-2020 Crisis Text Line. All rights reserved.</em></p>
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Improving Crisis Text Line&#39;s Impact Opportunity
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<input type="radio" name="input_b171e2aab2e84e01af48f840c51245c8_2_1" id="input_b171e2aab2e84e01af48f840c51245c8_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="b171e2aab2e84e01af48f840c51245c8_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_b171e2aab2e84e01af48f840c51245c8_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_b171e2aab2e84e01af48f840c51245c8_2_1"> With 96% of people in the US owning a cell phone, it&#8217;s a solution that&#8217;s available to a large majority of the population.
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<input type="radio" name="input_b171e2aab2e84e01af48f840c51245c8_2_1" id="input_b171e2aab2e84e01af48f840c51245c8_2_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_3"/><label id="b171e2aab2e84e01af48f840c51245c8_2_1-choice_3-label" for="input_b171e2aab2e84e01af48f840c51245c8_2_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_b171e2aab2e84e01af48f840c51245c8_2_1"> Stigma and fear of discrimination prevent people from asking for help and lack of access makes it difficult for people who want help to get it.
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<legend id="b171e2aab2e84e01af48f840c51245c8_3_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">To strengthen their description of the<em> size of overall problem</em>, which of the following statistics could have been included above?</legend>
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<input type="radio" name="input_b171e2aab2e84e01af48f840c51245c8_3_1" id="input_b171e2aab2e84e01af48f840c51245c8_3_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="b171e2aab2e84e01af48f840c51245c8_3_1-choice_0-label" for="input_b171e2aab2e84e01af48f840c51245c8_3_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_b171e2aab2e84e01af48f840c51245c8_3_1"> The bottom 10% of zip codes ranked by per capita income make up nearly 20% of our volume (2X over index).
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<input type="radio" name="input_b171e2aab2e84e01af48f840c51245c8_3_1" id="input_b171e2aab2e84e01af48f840c51245c8_3_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="b171e2aab2e84e01af48f840c51245c8_3_1-choice_1-label" for="input_b171e2aab2e84e01af48f840c51245c8_3_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_b171e2aab2e84e01af48f840c51245c8_3_1"> According to NAMI, 1 in 5 adults in America experience mental illness in a given year.
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<input type="radio" name="input_b171e2aab2e84e01af48f840c51245c8_3_1" id="input_b171e2aab2e84e01af48f840c51245c8_3_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_3"/><label id="b171e2aab2e84e01af48f840c51245c8_3_1-choice_3-label" for="input_b171e2aab2e84e01af48f840c51245c8_3_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_b171e2aab2e84e01af48f840c51245c8_3_1"> 35% of our texters are 14-17 years old, and 26% of texters are 18-24.
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Incomplete Examples: Kiteka</h2>
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<p>Kiteka is an all-female, all-African 2018 Solve Finalist that seeks to connect women micro-entrepreneurs in Sub-Saharan Africa with international businesses in need of intelligent and trustworthy digital outsourcing. Kiteka is developing an app that enables women in Sub-Saharan Africa to complete basic business management tasks remotely from a smartphone and be active participants in the digital economy.</p>
<p>They presented their Impact Opportunity in bullet points (modified for this example):</p>
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li>Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is one of the poorest regions in the world (<a href="http://www.worldbank.org/en/region/afr/publication/poverty-rising-africa-poverty-report" class="-active">World Bank, 2016</a>). The gender gap is costing SSA $95bn a year (<a href="http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/presscenter/pressreleases/2016/08/28/les-disparit-s-entre-les-genres-co-tent-l-afrique-subsaharienne-95-milliards-de-par-an.html" class="-active">UNDP, 2016</a>)</li>
<li>When women in SSA have access to technology it increases their access to financial services, education and employment (<a href="https://www.gsma.com/mobilefordevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/GSMA_Women_and_Mobile-A_Global_Opportunity.pdf" class="-active">GSMA and CBWF, 2013</a>).</li>
<li>A sustainable way of providing digital skills and employment to women in SSA has yet to be found.</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>Additional Reading:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://solve.mit.edu/challenges/women-and-technology/solutions/1769" target="_blank">Kiteka's 2018 Solve Application</a></li>
</ul>
<p><em>Logo (c) Kiteka. All rights reserved.</em></p>
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Improving Kiteka&#39;s Impact Opportunity
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<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><p>As with previous examples in this section, we've highlighted this Impact Opportunity because of how it looks at an important issue but is incomplete as written and could be stronger. </p>
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<legend id="54b8c8f7a085415980f73c33330d5269_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Which of these would you add at the beginning of Kiteka's Impact Opportunity statement (as written above) to make it stronger?</legend>
<div class="field">
<input type="radio" name="input_54b8c8f7a085415980f73c33330d5269_2_1" id="input_54b8c8f7a085415980f73c33330d5269_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="54b8c8f7a085415980f73c33330d5269_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_54b8c8f7a085415980f73c33330d5269_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_54b8c8f7a085415980f73c33330d5269_2_1"> Women in Subsaharan Africa lack access to well-paying jobs and have an income disparity with men.
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<input type="radio" name="input_54b8c8f7a085415980f73c33330d5269_2_1" id="input_54b8c8f7a085415980f73c33330d5269_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="54b8c8f7a085415980f73c33330d5269_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_54b8c8f7a085415980f73c33330d5269_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_54b8c8f7a085415980f73c33330d5269_2_1"> GSMA and CBWF have shown that smartphone ownership increases income for over half of female entrepreneurs in developing countries.
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<input type="radio" name="input_54b8c8f7a085415980f73c33330d5269_2_1" id="input_54b8c8f7a085415980f73c33330d5269_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="54b8c8f7a085415980f73c33330d5269_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_54b8c8f7a085415980f73c33330d5269_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_54b8c8f7a085415980f73c33330d5269_2_1"> We hope to provide digital freelancing opportunities and training for over 50% of women in the Kiteka network.
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<legend id="54b8c8f7a085415980f73c33330d5269_3_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Which of these statements would best highlight the potential impact of closing the gender gap in Subsaharan Africa?</legend>
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<input type="radio" name="input_54b8c8f7a085415980f73c33330d5269_3_1" id="input_54b8c8f7a085415980f73c33330d5269_3_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="54b8c8f7a085415980f73c33330d5269_3_1-choice_0-label" for="input_54b8c8f7a085415980f73c33330d5269_3_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_54b8c8f7a085415980f73c33330d5269_3_1"> Closing the gender gap is good for society and overall GDP (UN Women, 2018).
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<input type="radio" name="input_54b8c8f7a085415980f73c33330d5269_3_1" id="input_54b8c8f7a085415980f73c33330d5269_3_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="54b8c8f7a085415980f73c33330d5269_3_1-choice_1-label" for="input_54b8c8f7a085415980f73c33330d5269_3_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_54b8c8f7a085415980f73c33330d5269_3_1"> African women are 23% less likely than men to own a smartphone (GSMA and CBWF, 2013). Women only account for 21% of internet users in Uganda (Web Foundation, 2015).
</label>
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<input type="radio" name="input_54b8c8f7a085415980f73c33330d5269_3_1" id="input_54b8c8f7a085415980f73c33330d5269_3_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="54b8c8f7a085415980f73c33330d5269_3_1-choice_2-label" for="input_54b8c8f7a085415980f73c33330d5269_3_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_54b8c8f7a085415980f73c33330d5269_3_1"> Kiteka&#8217;s 2017 impact report found that over 80% of women in the network have seen increased income since owning a smartphone.
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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">Incomplete Examples: GreenToGo</h2>
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<p><img style="float: right; padding: 10px;" src="/assets/courseware/v1/636155e2b858803d3ef541f4a9b15640/asset-v1:MITx+0.SolveX+2T2021+type@asset+block/G2G_DiamonLogo_72dpi.png" alt="Green To Go Logo" width="225" height="225" /></p>
<p>GreenToGo is a 2019 Solve finalist that has developed a reusable, returnable food container system that integrates with existing restaurant operations and health codes and eliminates the need for single-use Styrofoam, recyclables, and compostable containers. Let's look at their Impact Opportunity statement below:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Dwindling landfill space, limited fossil fuels, the struggling global recycling industry, and oceans of microplastics are symptoms of a global society addicted to disposable plastics. Taking action to disrupt this habit has never been more timely. Single-use food packaging (e.g. Styrofoam takeout boxes, plastic forks, and paper coffee cups) makes up almost 30% (EPA) of the waste we generate and requires unsustainable amounts of resources to produce. In addition, trash has negative health outcomes for humans and the environment. Reusable dishes, even when compared to recyclables and compostables, use a fraction of the resources to manufacture and wash, cut carbon emissions by 80% and produce zero trash. </p>
<p style="text-rendering: optimizelegibility; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #313131;"><strong>Additional Reading:</strong></p>
<ul style="text-rendering: optimizelegibility; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: #313131;">
<li style="text-rendering: optimizelegibility; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/this-restaurant-takeout-service-swaps-styrofoam-for-sustainable" target="[object Object]">PBS News Hour Feature</a></li>
<li style="text-rendering: optimizelegibility; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://durhamgreentogo.com/" target="[object Object]">GreenToGo Website</a></li>
<li style="text-rendering: optimizelegibility; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://solve.mit.edu/challenges/circular-economy/solutions/8037" target="_blank">GreentoGo's Solve Application</a> </li>
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<p><em>Logo Copyright © GreenToGo/Don't Waste Durham. All Rights Reserved.</em></p>
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<h3 class="hd hd-3 problem-header" id="fc0361c9bf854f05bbbe5f512c1cb775-problem-title" aria-describedby="block-v1:MITx+0.SolveX+2T2021+type@problem+block@fc0361c9bf854f05bbbe5f512c1cb775-problem-progress" tabindex="-1">
Improving GreentoGo&#39;s Impact Opportunity
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<div class="wrapper-problem-response" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Question 1" role="group"><p>GreenToGo is focused on an environmental issue, and so they address the specific problem (plastic waste) somewhat differently than the people-centered problems we've seen so far. Their Impact Opportunity statement is pretty clear, but there are a few ways that we might improve how it's written above. </p>
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<legend id="fc0361c9bf854f05bbbe5f512c1cb775_2_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Which two of these pieces of evidence would best highlight the size of the overall problem in this Impact Opportunity statement?</legend>
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_fc0361c9bf854f05bbbe5f512c1cb775_2_1[]" id="input_fc0361c9bf854f05bbbe5f512c1cb775_2_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_0"/><label id="fc0361c9bf854f05bbbe5f512c1cb775_2_1-choice_0-label" for="input_fc0361c9bf854f05bbbe5f512c1cb775_2_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_fc0361c9bf854f05bbbe5f512c1cb775_2_1"> Local survey data on the amount of disposable plastics in Durham, NC.
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_fc0361c9bf854f05bbbe5f512c1cb775_2_1[]" id="input_fc0361c9bf854f05bbbe5f512c1cb775_2_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_1"/><label id="fc0361c9bf854f05bbbe5f512c1cb775_2_1-choice_1-label" for="input_fc0361c9bf854f05bbbe5f512c1cb775_2_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_fc0361c9bf854f05bbbe5f512c1cb775_2_1"> An anecdote from a newspaper article.
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_fc0361c9bf854f05bbbe5f512c1cb775_2_1[]" id="input_fc0361c9bf854f05bbbe5f512c1cb775_2_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_2"/><label id="fc0361c9bf854f05bbbe5f512c1cb775_2_1-choice_2-label" for="input_fc0361c9bf854f05bbbe5f512c1cb775_2_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_fc0361c9bf854f05bbbe5f512c1cb775_2_1"> Generated waste statistics from 2002.
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<input type="checkbox" name="input_fc0361c9bf854f05bbbe5f512c1cb775_2_1[]" id="input_fc0361c9bf854f05bbbe5f512c1cb775_2_1_choice_3" class="field-input input-checkbox" value="choice_3"/><label id="fc0361c9bf854f05bbbe5f512c1cb775_2_1-choice_3-label" for="input_fc0361c9bf854f05bbbe5f512c1cb775_2_1_choice_3" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_fc0361c9bf854f05bbbe5f512c1cb775_2_1"> Multinational statistics on plastic waste in North America from 2018.
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<legend id="fc0361c9bf854f05bbbe5f512c1cb775_3_1-legend" class="response-fieldset-legend field-group-hd">Which of these statements would best describe <em>why the problem exists or persists</em>?</legend>
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<input type="radio" name="input_fc0361c9bf854f05bbbe5f512c1cb775_3_1" id="input_fc0361c9bf854f05bbbe5f512c1cb775_3_1_choice_0" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_0"/><label id="fc0361c9bf854f05bbbe5f512c1cb775_3_1-choice_0-label" for="input_fc0361c9bf854f05bbbe5f512c1cb775_3_1_choice_0" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_fc0361c9bf854f05bbbe5f512c1cb775_3_1"> Our customer market research shows that currently all of our customers are eco-conscious, are motivated by customer demand, or corporate commitment to sustainability.
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<input type="radio" name="input_fc0361c9bf854f05bbbe5f512c1cb775_3_1" id="input_fc0361c9bf854f05bbbe5f512c1cb775_3_1_choice_1" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_1"/><label id="fc0361c9bf854f05bbbe5f512c1cb775_3_1-choice_1-label" for="input_fc0361c9bf854f05bbbe5f512c1cb775_3_1_choice_1" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_fc0361c9bf854f05bbbe5f512c1cb775_3_1"> Landfills are most often located in vulnerable communities.
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<input type="radio" name="input_fc0361c9bf854f05bbbe5f512c1cb775_3_1" id="input_fc0361c9bf854f05bbbe5f512c1cb775_3_1_choice_2" class="field-input input-radio" value="choice_2"/><label id="fc0361c9bf854f05bbbe5f512c1cb775_3_1-choice_2-label" for="input_fc0361c9bf854f05bbbe5f512c1cb775_3_1_choice_2" class="response-label field-label label-inline" aria-describedby="status_fc0361c9bf854f05bbbe5f512c1cb775_3_1"> While closed-loop systems like a school cafeteria may be able to easily implement reusable containers, there is a lack of infrastructure, logistics, and technology to implement reusable food packaging on a city-wide or larger scale.
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