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<h2 class="hd hd-2 unit-title">3.8.1 Reading and Resources</h2>
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<p><strong>Referenced Readings</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Wineburg, Sam; Breakstone, Joel; Smith, Mark; McGrew, Sarah; & Ortega, Teresa. 2019. <a href="https://purl.stanford.edu/xr124mv4805" target="_blank">Civic Online Reasoning: Curriculum Evaluation.</a> This report describes an evaluation of the Civic Online Reasoning curriculum conducted in a large Midwestern school district. </li>
<li>McGrew, Sarah; Breakstone, Joel; Ortega, Teresa; Smith, Mark; & Wineburg, Sam. 2018. <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00933104.2017.1416320?journalCode=utrs20" target="_blank">Can Students Evaluate Online Sources? Learning From Assessments of Civic Online Reasoning.</a> Theory & Research in Social Education. SHEG researchers developed a bank of assessments that measure students’ civic online reasoning, gave them to 894 students in 12 states, and scored their responses.</li>
<li>McGrew, Sarah; Smith, Mark; Breakstone, Joel; Ortega, Teresa; & Wineburg, Sam. 2019. <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00933104.2017.1416320?journalCode=utrs20" target="_blank">Improving University Students’ Web Savvy: An Intervention Study.</a> British Journal of Educational Psychology. SHEG researchers conducted a curricular intervention in university classes and found that teaching students a few flexible tools that can be used across digital contexts can improve their evaluation of online sources. </li>
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<p><strong>Referenced Resources</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://cor.stanford.edu/curriculum/assessments/comparing-articles" target="_blank">Comparing Articles Civic Online Reasoning task.</a> In this assessment, students are presented with two articles from the same online news outlet and asked which is a more reliable source: a sponsored content item with a pie chart or a news report with an illustration.</li>
<li><a href="https://cor.stanford.edu/curriculum/assessments/evaluating-data" target="_blank">Evaluating Data Civic Online Reasoning task. </a>This assessment delivered via Google Forms will provide feedback about students’ ability to evaluate visual presentations of data. </li>
<li><a href="https://cor.stanford.edu/curriculum/assessments/claims-on-twitter" target="_blank">Claims on Twitter Civic Online Reasoning task.</a> This task gauges whether students accept claims and headlines on social media at face value or whether they investigate the evidence.</li>
<li><a href="https://cor.stanford.edu/curriculum/assessments/facebook-argument" target="_blank">Facebook Argument Civic Online Reasoning task.</a> This assessment asks students to consider different types of evidence and decide which is stronger. </li>
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<p><strong>Suggested Readings</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>McGrew, Sarah. 2019. <a href="http://purl.stanford.edu/sc888bd3143" target="_blank">Article I: Skipping the Source and Checking the Contents: An In-Depth Look at Students’ Approaches to Web Evaluation.</a> <em>Teaching in a Post-Truth Era: Supporting Students to Reason about Online Information. </em>In this chapter from her doctoral dissertation, Sarah McGrew examines how students reason about evidence when completing Civic Online Reasoning lessons. </li>
<li>McGrew, Sarah, Ortega, Teresa, Breakstone, Joel, & Wineburg, Sam. 2017. <a href="https://www.aft.org/ae/fall2017/mcgrew_ortega_breakstone_wineburg" target="_blank">The Challenge That’s Bigger Than Fake News: Civic Reasoning in a Social Media Environment. </a><em>American Educator. </em>Staff from the Stanford History Education Group report on research they’ve conducted with students across the country and provide tips for helping students to become more discerning consumers of online information.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Suggested Viewing</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>West, Jevin. 2018. <a href="https://youtu.be/pZeMRy_PTmA?t=570" target="_blank">We’re Drowning in BS, But You Can Learn to Fight Back.</a> TEDxSeattle talk. University of Washington Professor Jevin West details the ways in which visual representations of data are manipulated.</li>
<li>Wineburg, Sam. 2019. ‘<a href="https://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/watch/-deep-fakes-pose-threat-for-students-when-identifying-online-information-74656325868" target="_blank">Deep Fakes’ Pose Threat for Students When Identifying Online Information.</a> MSNBC. Professor Sam Wineburg discusses research from the Stanford History Education Group showing that students struggle to evaluate online content and advocates for teaching the types of skills covered in this course. </li>
<li>Stanford History Education Group & Crash Course. 2019. <a href="https://youtu.be/hxhbOvR2TGk" target="_blank">Evaluating Evidence.</a> In this episode of Crash Course, John Green explains how to determine if online evidence is reliable and relevant.</li>
<li>Stanford History Education Group & Crash Course. 2019. <a href="https://youtu.be/OiND50qfCek" target="_blank">Data & Infographics.</a> John Green explains why it’s important to investigate the relevance and reliability of statistics and infographics posted online.</li>
<li>Stanford History Education Group & Crash Course. 2019. <a href="https://youtu.be/p7uvqb8fcdA" target="_blank">Evaluating Photos & Videos.</a> In this video, John Green explains why it’s easy to be fooled by online images and teaches strategies for investigating the reliability of photos and videos posted online.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Suggested Resources</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://cor.stanford.edu/curriculum/lessons/evaluating-photos" target="_blank">Evaluating Photos Civic Online Reasoning lesson.</a> This lesson introduces students to a strategy for learning more about online images: the reverse image search. </li>
<li><a href="https://cor.stanford.edu/curriculum/lessons/evaluating-data" target="_blank">Evaluating Data Civic Online Reasoning lesson.</a> This lesson gives students a chance to practice evaluating varied forms of data as evidence.</li>
<li><a href="https://cor.stanford.edu/curriculum/lessons/evaluating-videos" target="_blank">Evaluating Videos Civic Online Reasoning lesson.</a> This lesson helps students practice analyzing video evidence and debunks the myth that if it’s on video, it must be true.</li>
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